Pawiak
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Pawiak (Polish pronunciation: [ˈpavjak]) was a prison built in 1835 in Warsaw, Congress Poland.
During the
During the World War II German occupation of Poland, it was used by the Germans, and in 1944 it was destroyed in the Warsaw Uprising.
History
Pawiak Prison took its name from that of the street on which it stood, ulica Pawia (Polish for "Peacock Street").
Pawiak Prison was built in 1829–35 to the design of
During the
After Poland regained independence in 1918, the Pawiak Prison became Warsaw's main prison for male criminals. (Females were detained at the nearby Serbia Prison.)
Following the 1939 German
During the
On 19 July 1944 a Ukrainian Wachmeister (guard) Petrenko and some prisoners attempted a mass jailbreak, supported by an attack from outside, but failed. Petrenko and several others committed suicide. The resistance attack detachment was ambushed and practically annihilated. The next day, in reprisal, the Germans executed over 380 prisoners. As Julien Hirshaut convincingly argues in Jewish Martyrs of Pawiak, it is inconceivable that the prison-escape attempt was a Gestapo-initiated provocation. The Polish underground had approved the plan but backed out without being able to alert those in the prison that the plan was cancelled.
The final transport of prisoners took place 30 July 1944, two days before the 1 August outbreak of the
After World War II, the buildings were not rebuilt. Half of the gateway and three detention cells survive.
Gallery
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Ruins of 27 Dzielna Street; located near Pawiak Prison; a place of executions of Poles and Jews by the Germans
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Site of Pawiak prison
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Ruin of Pawiak prison gate
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Memorial tree
See also
- Paweł Finder
- Gęsiówka
- Łapanka
- Mokotów Prison
- War crimes in occupied Poland during World War II
- Chronicles of Terror
References
- ISBN 0-89604-041-0.
- ^ a b History of the prison Archived 2010-04-27 at the Wayback Machine - official website of the museum
- ^ "Pawiak Prison Museum". www.lonelyplanet.com.