Pedro Calungsod
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Pedro Calungsod (
While in Guam, Calungsod preached Christianity to the Chamorros through catechesis, while baptizing infants, children, and adults at the risk and expense of being persecuted and eventually murdered. Through Calungsod and San Vitores's missionary efforts, many native Chamorros converted to Catholicism.
Calungsod was
Early years and missionary work
Birthplace dispute
Few details of the early life of Calungsod (spelled Calonsor in Spanish records) are known. Historical records do not mention his exact birthplace or birth date and merely identified him as "Pedro Calonsor,
Proponents of an
The Cebu camp reasoned that Ginatilan contains a high density of people surnamed Calungsod and that during the beatification process, they were the initial claimants to having been Calungsod's birthplace. The Calungsods of Iloilo also claim to be the oldest branch, based on baptismal records containing the surname "Calungsod" dating to circa 1748, compared to branches in Cebu and Leyte, which possess baptismal records dating only to 1828 and 1903, respectively.[11]
Training and arrival in Guam
In Cebu, Calungsod received primary education at a Jesuit boarding school, mastering the Catechism and learning to communicate in Spanish. He also likely honed his drawing, painting, singing, acting, and carpentry skills, as these were necessary for missionary work.
In 1668, Calungsod, then around 14, was amongst the young catechists chosen to accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries to the Islas de Los Ladrones ("Isles of Thieves"), which had been renamed the
Beatification
A month after the martyrdom of San Vitores and Calungsod, a process for beatification was initiated but only for San Vitores. Political and religious turmoil, however, delayed and halted the process for centuries. In 1981, as
In 1980, Cardinal
Wanting to include young Asian laypersons in his first beatification for the
Regarding Calungsod's charitable works and virtuous deeds, John Paul II declared:[16]
...From his childhood, Pedro Calungsod declared himself unwaveringly for Christ and responded generously to his call. Young people today can draw encouragement and strength from the example of Pedro, whose love of Jesus inspired him to devote his teenage years to teaching the faith as a lay catechist. Leaving family and friends behind, Pedro willingly accepted the challenge put to him by Fr. Diego de San Vitores to join him on the Mission to the Chamorros. In a spirit of faith, marked by strong Eucharistic and Marian devotion, Pedro undertook the demanding work asked of him and bravely faced the many obstacles and difficulties he met. In the face of imminent danger, Pedro would not forsake Fr. Diego, but as a "good soldier of Christ", preferred to die at the missionary's side.
Sainthood
On December 19, 2011, the
Cardinal
Relics
At his canonization Mass, Calungsod was the only saint without a
Feast day
After Lorenzo Ruíz of Manila, Calungsod is the second Filipino to be declared a saint by the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Martyrology celebrates Calungsod's feast along with Blessed Diego Luis de San Vitores every April 2, their dies natalis (heavenly birthdate);[23] when April 2 falls within Holy Week or the Octave of Easter, his feast is transferred to the Saturday of the Fifth Week of Lent, the day after the Friday of Sorrows and before Palm Sunday.
Saturday has been designated as the weekly day for devotions and
Birthplace issue
Various areas in the
- Valerio Calungsod, who migrated to Iloilo[citation needed]
- Casimiro Calungsod, who emigrated to Bohol[citation needed]
- Pablo Calungsod, who remained in Ginatilan, Cebu, and was the father of Pedro Calungsod.[citation needed]
In a public televised interview with ABS-CBN chief correspondent and newscaster Korina Sanchez, Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Vidal expressed his dismay that when the original beatification process of Pedro Calungsod began in the 1980s, no city except for Ginatilan, Cebu, was willing to come forward and claim credit for being Pedro's birthplace.[25] Not surprisingly, however, when Pedro's canonization became official, Catholic bishops from the nearby provinces of Cebu, Bohol, Leyte, Samar, Iloilo and various Mindanao provinces suddenly came out of the woodwork, all laying claim to be the "official birthplace" of the newly minted saint.
As a result, Vidal ruled that he will not establish a definitive judgment on his birthplace since Spanish records only indicate the words "Pedro Calonsor, El Visayo" as his native description. Furthermore, he stated that all Visayan provinces were under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Cebu during the Filipino-Spanish era.[26]
Iconography
It is not known what Calungsod looked like, as no contemporary depictions survive. The writer Alcina, who was a contemporary of Pedro Calungsod, described the male Visayan
Calungsod is often depicted as a teenaged young man wearing a camisa de chino that is sometimes bloodied and usually dark, loose trousers. His most famous attributes are the
In art
The first portrayals stated to be of Pedro Calungsod were drawings made by
When the
Several statues representing Calungsod were also commissioned for the beatification, with one brought to Rome and blessed by John Paul II. This became the "Pilgrim Image", now enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of the Black Nazarene of the Society of the Angel of Peace in Cansojong, Talisay, Cebu. Another image was enshrined at the Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in Cebu City. Both images depict Calungsod wearing a white camisa (shirt) and trousers, with the martyr's palm, a rosary, and a crucifix pressed to his breast. During the novena before his feast day, a replica of the catana used to kill him is set into the arm of the statue.
For the canonization celebrations, the chosen sculpture by Justino Cagayat, Jr., represented Calungsod in mid-stride and carrying the Doctrina Christiana and the martyr's palm pressed to his chest. This image was brought to Rome for the canonization festivities. Upon its return to the Philippines, the image toured the country. When not on a pilgrimage tour, the image is enshrined at the Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod in the archbishop's residence.
In film
Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir is a Filipino film with Rocco Nacino in the title role released on December 25, 2013, as an official entry to the 2013 Metro Manila Film Festival. It was written and directed by Francis O. Villacorta and produced by HPI Synergy Group and Wings Entertainment.
Places and things named after Calungsod
Churches
- Cebu Archdiocesan Shrine of Saint Pedro Calungsod, Archbishop's Residence Compound, 234 D. Jakosalem St., Cebu City
- Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod – SM Aura Premier, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig
- Parokya ni San Pedro Calunsod, Diyosesis ng Lucena – Brgy. Pury, San Antonio, Quezon
- San Pedro Calungsod Quasi Parish, Poblacion, Muntinlupa
- Chapel of San Pedro Calungsod, SM Seaside, South Road Properties, Cebu City
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish and Sanctuary of St. Padre Pio, Antipolo
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Sta. Catalina, Minalin, Pampanga
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish- Diocese of Surigao, Sta. Cruz, Placer, Surigao del Norte
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Cantabaco, Toledo City, Toledo City, Cebu
- San Pedro Calungsod Parish, Villa de Calamba, Calamba City
Films and theater
- 2013: Pedro Calungsod: Batang Martir
- 2014: "San Pedro Calungsod The Musical Stage Play"
Television
- Canonization Of Blessed Pedro Calungsod TV Special Coverage (PTV 4, 2012)
- San Pedro Calungsod: Ang Ikalawang Santo Documentary TV Special (ABS-CBN 2, 2013)
Educational institutions
- Academia de San Pedro Calungsod – Naga, Cebu
- St. Pedro Calungsod Academy (formerly Blessed Pedro Calungsod Academy) – Pasig
- San Pedro Calungsod Learning Center – Carmen, Cebu
- San Pedro Calungsod Mission School – Maribojoc, Bohol
- San Pedro Calungsod Montessori & Science School – San Pedro, Laguna
- San Pedro Calungsod Technical Vocational School, Inc. – Zamboanga
See also
- List of Filipino Saints, Blesseds, and Servants of God
- Roman Catholicism in Guam
- Spanish-Chamorro Wars
References
- ^ a b Reyes, Ronald O. (December 28, 2020). "Historian unravels real birthplace of San Pedro Calungsod". SunStar. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ "St. Pedro Calungsod, Filipino lay martyr and patron of catechists". Union of Catholic Asian News. Retrieved December 3, 2023.
- ^ Carlomagno Bacaltos. "A Catechetical Primer on the Life, Martyrdom and Glorification of Blessed Pedro Calungsod – Part 1". Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "Blessed Pedro Calungsod By Emy Loriega / The Pacific Voice". newsaints.faithweb.com. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ Carlomagno Bacaltos. "A Catechetical Primer on the Life, Martyrdom and Glorification of Blessed Pedro Calungsod – Part 2". Archived from the original on October 21, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ a b "Saint Pedro Calungsod". Research Center for Iloilo. Archived from the original on October 9, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ EWTN Televised Broadcast: Public Consistory for the Creation of New Cardinals. Rome, February 18, 2012. Saint Peter's Basilica. Closing remarks before recession preceded by Cardinal Agostino Vallini.
- ^ "About Pedro Calungsod – Pedro Calungsod". Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ G. Nye Steiger, H. Otley Beyer, Conrado Benitez, A History of the Orient, Oxford: 1929, Ginn and Company, pp. 122–123.
- ^ "Pedro 'was Visayan and came possibly, but very doubtfully, from the island of Cebu. He could have come any other Visayas islands." http://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/landas/article/view/882/912
- ^ "Scholarly evidence point to Calungsod's Ilonggo roots". Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "Saints.SQPN.com". April 3, 2010. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ Blessed Pedro Calungsod – Biography. Pedrocalungsod.page.tl (March 5, 2000). Retrieved on 2016-06-25.
- The Philippine STAR. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ cebuarchdiocese.org. cebuarchdiocese.org. Retrieved on June 25, 2016.
- ^ Beatification of 44 Servants of God, Homily of Pope John Paul II, No. 5. Vatican, March 5, 2000. Link retrieved on March 23, 2010.
- ^ "DECREES OF THE CONGREGATION FOR THE CAUSES OF SAINTS". Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "'Seek Pedro's intercession for Sendong victims'". December 22, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ Baguia, Jason (October 21, 2011). "Calungsod sainthood nears final step". Inquirer.net. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "PEDRO CALUNGSOD NEAR SAINTHOOD". Cebu Daily News. October 20, 2011. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ CONCISTORO ORDINARIO PUBBLICO. vatican.va (18 February 2012)
- ^ Canonization Pilgrimage to Rome – Marianne Cope, Kateri Tekewitha, Pedro Calungsod, Carmen Salles y Barangueras, Anna Schaffer, Jacques Berthieu with 206 Tours. 206tours.com. Retrieved on June 25, 2016.
- ^ 2 Aprile, BB. Diego Luigi de San Vitores e Pietro Calungsod. Vatican.va. Retrieved on June 25, 2016.
- ^ "CONCELEBRATED MASS IN CELEBRATION OF THE CANONIZATION OF BLESSED PEDRO CALUNGSOD". aganapcg.dfa.gov.ph. October 23, 2012.
- ^ "Bandila: 'Pedro Calungsod was a martyr'". YouTube.
- ^ "Bandila: 'Pedro Calungsod was a martyr'". YouTube.
- ^ "A Very Common Name". Pedro Calungsod. Archived from the original on October 31, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "Home – EC Art Management". Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "Iconography". Retrieved October 31, 2014.
- ^ "Eine Nasenoperation in Muenchen kann Ihnen Linderung verschaffen". Archived from the original on March 1, 2012. Retrieved October 31, 2014.
Bibliography
- Arevalo, Catalino. Pedro Calungsod, Young Visayan Proto-Martyr, Archdiocese of Manila Youth Ministry 1998, New edition from the Daughters of St. Paul, Manila 2000
- Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus. Pedro Calonsor Bisaya, Prospects of a Teenage Filipino, Cebu City, Claretian Publications 1999.
- Leyson, Ildebrando Jesus A. Pedro Calonsor Bissaya: Prospects of a Teenage Filipino. Second Edition. Cebu: Basic Graphics, 2000. ISBN 971-501-834-3
- Putzu, Fr. Salvatorre, "Pedro Calungsod, Young Catechist & Martyr", Second Edition, Manila, Word & Life Publications, Inc., 2012
- Bersales, Jose Eleazar Reynes, "San Pedro Calungsod: The Canonization Album," University Of San Carlos Press, Cebu, 2012
- Agualada, Jr., Salvador G., "Pedro Calungsod: Patron for the Filipino Youth," Claretian Publications, Inc., Manila, 2012
- Orbeta, Ruben, "The Liturgical Cult of San Pedro Calungsod: a Filipino Response to the Universal Call to Holiness," STL University Of America, New York, 2019