Pedro Tenorio (archbishop)

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Detail of the sarcophagus of Pedro Tenorio in the cathedral

Pedro Tenorio (c. 1328 – 18/28 May 1399), sometimes called Pedro Díaz de Tenorio, was the

conciliarist position. He played a leading role in the regency of Henry III in 1391–1393. He is remembered primarily as an administrator and builder whose legacy is bridges, towns, churches, hospitals and castles. According to the Diccionario biográfico español
, he was "one of the great archbishops of Toledo".

Early life and education

Pedro was the son of Diego Alfonso Tenorio, whose ancestors came from Pontevedra, and Juana Duque of Talavera de la Reina.[1] He was born around 1328 either in Toledo or in Talavera.[2] He had two brothers, Juan and Mendo. His first recorded ecclesiastical office was the archdeaconry of Toro, where he successfully sued his predecessor, Diego Arias Maldonado, for mismanaging the benefice.[1]

When King

canonry in Toledo was offered him, but he could not take it up.[1] Juan died in papal Avignon, while Mendo was lured back with a false safeconduct and murdered on the king's orders.[3] These deaths left Pedro sole heir to a vast fortune.[1]

On 6–7 January 1364, Pope

By December 1364, Pedro had taken up a chair at the

Henry of Trastámara.[1] He had left Rome by August 1366, when he asked to exchange his canonry in Coimbra for one that had just opened up in Seville.[4]

According to

Black Prince and Cardinal Guy of Boulogne, his life was spared and he was ransomed.[9] He afterwards spent some time in Portugal in the house of Aires Gomes da Silva.[10] He returned to Avignon later that year.[1]

Pedro followed Urban and the

curia back to Rome in 1367.[1] He received his doctorate in 1368 in Rome.[9] In 1370, he followed the curia back to Avignon. He was ordained a priest and given the archdeaconry of Calatrava.[1]

Bishop of Coimbra

Puerta del Sol, a gate built into the wall of Toledo by Pedro Tenorio
The painted walls and vault of the chapel of San Blas commissioned by Pedro Tenorio
The castle of La Yedra above Cazorla, renovated by Pedro Tenorio

On 19 May 1371, Pedro succeeded Vasco Fernández de Toledo as bishop of Coimbra.[11] He was consecrated in Avignon by Guy of Boulogne, in whose household he had served. He visited his diocese in Portugal, but spent little time there.[9] He was probably present at the Cortes in Lisbon on 8 August 1371. In 1372, his vicar was Fernão Gil and in 1373–1374 it was Giral Pires.[12] He helped in the negotiations for the marriage of Beatrice of Portugal.[13]

When Archbishop

Gregory XI, he imposed Pedro Díaz de Tenorio as his candidate and appointed Pedro Fernández Cabeza de Vaca to fill the see of Coimbra.[1]

Archbishop of Toledo

Pedro became archbishop of Toledo on 13 January 1377.

papal provisions of his diocese's canonries.[1]

In May 1379, Pedro held a diocesan synod in

Hieronymite convent of Santa Catalina at Talavera. On 15 October 1383, he donated his large library, collected while he was a professor abroad, to the cathedral.[1]

Besides his religious and political activities, Pedro was active in public works.

Guarrazar in La Sisla [es] and over the Tagus in Alameda de la Sagra.[1]

Pedro also looked to the military defence of the archiepiscopal lordship, especially against Portugal after the battle of Aljubarrota (1385). He acquired for the archdiocese the towns of Alcolea de Torote [es], Utrilla and Almaluez.[19] He renovated or rebuilt the archiepiscopal castles of Alamín [es], Alcalá la Real, Almonacid, Canales, La Guardia, La Yedra [es], San Servando and Yepes.[20] He also restored San Torcaz [es] into a prison for clergy.[1] He repaired the walls of Alcalá de Henares, Brihuega, Talamanca de Jarama, Torrelaguna and Uceda (where the inhabitants of Torrelaguna had to make a contribution in 1386).[21]

Following the death of John I on 9 October 1390 and the accession of the child Henry III, Pedro tried to direct events by appealing to an old will of John's and to the Siete Partidas, which stipulated that there should be a council of regency of one, three or five men.[22] In the event, the Cortes appointed a regency council, which Pedro led until August 1393.[23] This period was marked by the Seville pogrom (1391), a Nasrid raid on Murcia (1392) and a fifteen-year truce with Portugal (1393). In 1393, amidst dissension in the council, he threatened to resign. He was imprisoned for a time and several Toledan castles confiscated.[24] Later that year, he obtained a papal judgement against the crown in order to regain possession of the castles of Alcalá, La Guardia, Talavera and Uceda.[25]

Pedro died on 18[1] or 28 May 1399 in Toledo.[24] He was buried in the chapel of San Blas, which he also named in his last will as his universal heir.[1]

Writings

The start of Pedro Tenorio's only known poem, Bestias son de las montañas

Several writings of Pedro Tenorio are known:

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018.
  2. ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018. According to Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 167, he was born in Portugal.
  3. ^ This is according to Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018. According to Gerli 2003, his brothers were executed by Peter after the battle of Nájera.
  4. ^ a b Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 171.
  5. ^ Gerli 2003; Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 171.
  6. University of Avignon
    .
  7. ^ Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 171; Morujão 2009, pp. 544–545.
  8. ^ Villalon & Kagay 2017, p. 376.
  9. ^ a b c Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Gerli 2003.
  10. ^ According to Morujão 2009, pp. 544–545, and Sánchez Sesa 1999, p. 771, Aires was married to Urraca, daughter of Alfonso Jofré Tenorio.
  11. ^ Sánchez Sesa 1999, p. 770; Morujão 2009, pp. 544–545.
  12. ^ Sánchez Sesa 1999, pp. 772–774.
  13. ^ Sánchez Sesa 1999, p. 771.
  14. ^ Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 167; Gerli 2003.
  15. ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Kaminsky 1983, p. 22n.
  16. ^ Ullmann 1948, p. 93.
  17. ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Merlos 2000, p. 30.
  18. ^ Merlos 2000, p. 30.
  19. ^ Merlos 2000, pp. 32 & 35.
  20. ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Merlos 2000, p. 41.
  21. ^ Merlos 2000, p. 41.
  22. ^ Linehan 2000, p. 648.
  23. ^ Gerli 2003; Linehan 2000, p. 648.
  24. ^ a b Gerli 2003.
  25. ^ Merlos 2000, p. 39.
  26. ^ Per Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018, they are published in Sánchez Herrero 1976, pp. 243–281.
  27. ^ Per Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018, it is published in Martène & Durand 1727, cols. 1099–1120.
  28. ^ The numbering is from Rollo-Koster 2009, pp. 50–51. Kaminsky 1983, p. 10, also dates Tenorio's response to "the very beginning" of the schism.
  29. ^ a b Rollo-Koster 2009, pp. 50–51.
  30. ^ Ullmann 1948, p. 64.
  31. ^ Ullmann 1948, pp. 64–66, summarizes Pedro's arguments.
  32. ^ Kaminsky 1983, pp. 157–158.
  33. ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 185.

Bibliography