Pedro Tenorio (archbishop)
Pedro Tenorio (c. 1328 – 18/28 May 1399), sometimes called Pedro Díaz de Tenorio, was the
Early life and education
Pedro was the son of Diego Alfonso Tenorio, whose ancestors came from Pontevedra, and Juana Duque of Talavera de la Reina.[1] He was born around 1328 either in Toledo or in Talavera.[2] He had two brothers, Juan and Mendo. His first recorded ecclesiastical office was the archdeaconry of Toro, where he successfully sued his predecessor, Diego Arias Maldonado, for mismanaging the benefice.[1]
When King
On 6–7 January 1364, Pope
By December 1364, Pedro had taken up a chair at the
According to
Pedro followed Urban and the
Bishop of Coimbra
On 19 May 1371, Pedro succeeded Vasco Fernández de Toledo as bishop of Coimbra.[11] He was consecrated in Avignon by Guy of Boulogne, in whose household he had served. He visited his diocese in Portugal, but spent little time there.[9] He was probably present at the Cortes in Lisbon on 8 August 1371. In 1372, his vicar was Fernão Gil and in 1373–1374 it was Giral Pires.[12] He helped in the negotiations for the marriage of Beatrice of Portugal.[13]
When Archbishop
Archbishop of Toledo
Pedro became archbishop of Toledo on 13 January 1377.
In May 1379, Pedro held a diocesan synod in
Besides his religious and political activities, Pedro was active in public works.
Pedro also looked to the military defence of the archiepiscopal lordship, especially against Portugal after the battle of Aljubarrota (1385). He acquired for the archdiocese the towns of Alcolea de Torote , Utrilla and Almaluez.[19] He renovated or rebuilt the archiepiscopal castles of Alamín , Alcalá la Real, Almonacid, Canales, La Guardia, La Yedra , San Servando and Yepes.[20] He also restored San Torcaz into a prison for clergy.[1] He repaired the walls of Alcalá de Henares, Brihuega, Talamanca de Jarama, Torrelaguna and Uceda (where the inhabitants of Torrelaguna had to make a contribution in 1386).[21]
Following the death of John I on 9 October 1390 and the accession of the child Henry III, Pedro tried to direct events by appealing to an old will of John's and to the Siete Partidas, which stipulated that there should be a council of regency of one, three or five men.[22] In the event, the Cortes appointed a regency council, which Pedro led until August 1393.[23] This period was marked by the Seville pogrom (1391), a Nasrid raid on Murcia (1392) and a fifteen-year truce with Portugal (1393). In 1393, amidst dissension in the council, he threatened to resign. He was imprisoned for a time and several Toledan castles confiscated.[24] Later that year, he obtained a papal judgement against the crown in order to regain possession of the castles of Alcalá, La Guardia, Talavera and Uceda.[25]
Pedro died on 18[1] or 28 May 1399 in Toledo.[24] He was buried in the chapel of San Blas, which he also named in his last will as his universal heir.[1]
Writings
Several writings of Pedro Tenorio are known:
- The acts of the diocesan synod of May 1379, primarily Pedro's work, are preserved.[26]
- He wrote a letter to Cardinal Jean de La Grange from Medina del Campo on 21 September 1379.[1]
- His response in
- He wrote a "very frank" letter to Cardinal Simon de Cramaud.[32]
- A vernacular poem by Pedro is preserved in the Cancionero de Baena (no. 154) alongside six poems addressed to him by Alfonso Álvarez de Villasandino (nos. 152–153, 155–158).[33]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018.
- ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018. According to Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 167, he was born in Portugal.
- ^ This is according to Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018. According to Gerli 2003, his brothers were executed by Peter after the battle of Nájera.
- ^ a b Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 171.
- ^ Gerli 2003; Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 171.
- University of Avignon.
- ^ Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 171; Morujão 2009, pp. 544–545.
- ^ Villalon & Kagay 2017, p. 376.
- ^ a b c Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Gerli 2003.
- ^ According to Morujão 2009, pp. 544–545, and Sánchez Sesa 1999, p. 771, Aires was married to Urraca, daughter of Alfonso Jofré Tenorio.
- ^ Sánchez Sesa 1999, p. 770; Morujão 2009, pp. 544–545.
- ^ Sánchez Sesa 1999, pp. 772–774.
- ^ Sánchez Sesa 1999, p. 771.
- ^ Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 167; Gerli 2003.
- ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Kaminsky 1983, p. 22n.
- ^ Ullmann 1948, p. 93.
- ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Merlos 2000, p. 30.
- ^ Merlos 2000, p. 30.
- ^ Merlos 2000, pp. 32 & 35.
- ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Merlos 2000, p. 41.
- ^ Merlos 2000, p. 41.
- ^ Linehan 2000, p. 648.
- ^ Gerli 2003; Linehan 2000, p. 648.
- ^ a b Gerli 2003.
- ^ Merlos 2000, p. 39.
- ^ Per Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018, they are published in Sánchez Herrero 1976, pp. 243–281.
- ^ Per Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018, it is published in Martène & Durand 1727, cols. 1099–1120.
- ^ The numbering is from Rollo-Koster 2009, pp. 50–51. Kaminsky 1983, p. 10, also dates Tenorio's response to "the very beginning" of the schism.
- ^ a b Rollo-Koster 2009, pp. 50–51.
- ^ Ullmann 1948, p. 64.
- ^ Ullmann 1948, pp. 64–66, summarizes Pedro's arguments.
- ^ Kaminsky 1983, pp. 157–158.
- ^ Gonzálvez Ruiz 2018; Beltrán de Heredia 1970, p. 185.
Bibliography
- Beltrán de Heredia, Vicente, ed. (1970). Cartulario de la universidad de Salamanca (1218–1600). Vol. 1. Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca.
- Dykmans, Marc (1977). "La troisième élection du pape Urbain VI". Archivum Historiae Pontificiae. 15: 217–264. JSTOR 23563814.
- Fois, Mario (1981). "La crítica dell'arcivescovo di Toledo Pedro Tenorio al trattato del cardenal Pierre Flandrin sull'inizio dello scisma d'Occidente (settembre 1379)". Hispania Sacra. 33 (68): 563–592.
- Gerli, E. Michael (2003). "Tenorio, Pedro". In E. Michael Gerli (ed.). Medieval Iberia: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. pp. 780–781.
- Gonzálvez Ruiz, Ramón (2018). "Tenorio, Pedro". Diccionario biográfico español. Real Academia de la Historia.
- Kaminsky, Howard (1983). Simon de Cramaud and the Great Schism. Rutgers University Press. ISBN 9780813509495.
- Linehan, Peter (2000). "Castile, Navarre and Portugal". In Michael Jones (ed.). The New Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. 6: c.1300–c.1415. Cambridge University Press. pp. 619–650.
- Martène, Edmond; Durand, Ursin, eds. (1727). Thesaurus Novus Anecdotorum. Vol. 2. Paris.
- Morujão, Maria do Rosário (2009). "Bispos em tempos de guerra: os prelados de Coimbra na segunda metade do século XIV". A Guerra e a Sociedade na Idade Média: VI Jornadas Luso-Espanholas de Estudos Medievais. Vol. 1. Coimbra. pp. 539–550.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Merlos, Magdalena (2000). "Arquitectura militar en las villas medievales del Arzobispo de Toledo: función y significado" (PDF). Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte. 13: 27–50.
- Rollo-Koster, Joëlle (2009). "Civil Violence and the Initiation of the Schism". In Joëlle Rollo-Koster; Thomas M. Izbicki (eds.). A Companion to the Great Western Schism (1378–1417). Brill. pp. 9–65.
- Sánchez Herrero, J., ed. (1976). Concilios provinciales y sínodos toledanos de los siglos XIV y XV. Universidad de La Laguna.
- Sánchez Sesa, Rafael (1995). "Notas sobre la participación de un eclesiástico en la guerra a finales del siglo XIV: Don Pedro Tenorio, arzobispo de Toledo (1377–1399)". Archivos Leoneses. 97: 281–292.
- Sánchez Sesa, Rafael (1998). "Don Pedro Tenorio (c. 1328–1399): Aproximación a la vinculación eclesiastica, familiar y política de un arzobispo toledano al reino de Portugal" (PDF). Revista da Faculdade de Letras. História (Porto). Ser. 2. 15: 1479–1492.
- Sánchez Sesa, Rafael (1999). "Obispos procedentes de Castilla y proyectos de reforma en la sede de Coimbra (1358–1407)". Hispania Sacra. 51 (104): 753–783. .
- Suárez Fernández, Luis (1953). "Don Pedro Tenorio, arzobispo de Toledo (1375–99)". Homenaje a don Ramón Menéndez Pidal. Vol. IV. Madrid. pp. 601–627.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 9780208012777.
- Villalon, L. J. Andrew; Kagay, Donald J. (2017). To Win and Lose a Medieval Battle: Nájera (April 3, 1367), a Pyrrhic Victory for the Black Prince. Brill.