Penrhyn language
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Northern Cook Islands Māori dialect
| Penrhyn | |
|---|---|
| Mangarongaro, Penrhynese, Tongareva | |
| tongareva | |
| Native to | Penrhyn Island, Northern Cook Islands |
Native speakers | 200 (2011 census)[1] |
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pnh |
| Glottolog | penr1237 |
| ELP | Penrhyn |
 Penrhyn is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
The Penrhyn language is a
endangered language as many of its users are shifting to Cook Islands Māori and English
.
Phonology
Main article:
Cook Islands Maori § Writing system and pronunciation
Alphabet
The alphabet used in the Penrhyn Dictionary has 21 letters: ⟨a, ā, e, ē, f, h, i, ī, k, m, n, ng, o, ō, p, r, s, t, u, ū, v⟩[4]
Long vowels are written with a macron.
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n
|
ŋ ⟨ng⟩ | |
Stop
|
p | t
|
k | |
| Fricative | (f)[a] v | s | h | |
| Liquid | l ⟨r⟩
|
- ^ [f] is present in loanwords from languages like Rakahanga-Manihiki and Tahitian.
Tongareva is one of the few Cook Islands languages without a glottal stop [ʔ]. There is allophonic voicing of stops present.[4]
Grammar
Main article:
Cook Islands Maori § Grammar
References
- ^ Penrhyn at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Te Reo Maori Act 2003 – via www.paclii.org
- ^ "Penrhyn". Ethnologue. Retrieved 7 March 2013.
- ^ a b "About - Penrhyn Dictionary". Dictionary of Cook Islands Languages.
Further reading
- Shibata, Norio, ed. (2003). Penrhyn-English Dictionary. ELPR Publications Series. Vol. A1-005. Kyoto: Nakanishi. OCLC 249683569.
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- * indicates proposed status
- ? indicates classification dispute
- † indicates extinct status
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