Pentium

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the first series, also known as i586, see Pentium (original).

Pentium
P5
  • P6
  • NetBurst
  • Core
  • Nehalem
  • Westmere
  • Sandy Bridge
  • Ivy Bridge
  • Haswell
  • Broadwell
  • Skylake
  • Willow Cove
  • Golden Cove
    • Instruction setIA-32, x86-64
    Instructionsx86
    Physical specifications
    Cores
    • 1-5
    Socket(s)
    Products, models, variants
    Brand name(s)
    Variant(s)
    History
    Predecessor(s)i486
    Successor(s)Core, Intel Processor
    Pentium logos
    1993–2003
    2003–2006
    2006–2009
    2009–2013
    2013-2015
    2015–2020
    2020–2023

    Pentium is a discontinued series of

    -ium
    since the processor would otherwise have been named 80586 using that convention.

    Pentium was Intel's flagship processor line for over a decade until the introduction of the Intel Core line in 2006. Pentium-branded processors released from 2009 to 2023 were considered entry-level products that Intel rated as "two stars",[2][3] meaning that they were above the low-end Atom and Celeron series, but below the faster Intel Core lineup and workstation/server Xeon series. These later Pentium processors have little more than their name in common with earlier Pentiums.

    The later Pentiums were based on both the architecture used in

    virtualization and sometimes L3 cache
    .

    In 2017, the Pentium brand was split up into two separate lines using the Pentium name:

    In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands will be replaced with the new "Intel Processor" branding for low-end processors in laptops from 2023 onwards.[1] This also applies to desktops using Pentium processors, and they were discontinued around the same time laptops stopped using Pentium processors in favor of "Intel Processor" processors in 2023.

    Overview

    See also: List of Intel Pentium processors

    During development, Intel generally identifies processors with

    codenames, such as Prescott, Willamette, Coppermine, Katmai, Klamath, or Deschutes. These usually become widely known,[4]
    even after the processors are given official names on launch.

    The original Pentium-branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of prior generations (

    i486). However, as the firm wanted to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names (as AMD had done with their Am486), Intel filed a trademark application on the name in the United States, but was denied because a series of numbers was considered to lack trademark distinctiveness.[5]

    Following Intel's prior series of

    pent- could refer to the fifth generation of x86.[5]

    Due to its success, the Pentium brand would continue through several generations of high-end processors. In 2006, the name briefly disappeared from Intel's technology roadmaps,[7][8] only to re-emerge in 2007.[9]

    In 1998, Intel introduced the Celeron[10] brand for low-priced processors. With the 2006 introduction of the Intel Core brand as the company's new flagship line of processors, the Pentium series was to be discontinued. However, due to a demand for mid-range dual-core processors, the Pentium brand was repurposed to be Intel's mid-range processor series, between the Celeron and Core series, continuing with the Pentium Dual-Core line.[11][12][13]

    In 2009, the "Dual-Core" suffix was dropped, and new x86 processors started carrying the plain Pentium name again.

    In 2014, Intel released the Pentium 20th Anniversary Edition, to mark the 20th anniversary of the Pentium brand. These processors are unlocked and highly overclockable.

    In 2017, Intel split the Pentium branding into two line-ups. Pentium Silver targets low-power devices and shares architecture with Atom and Celeron, while Pentium Gold targets entry-level desktops and uses existing architecture, such as Kaby Lake and Coffee Lake.

    In September 2022, Intel announced that the Pentium and Celeron brands will be replaced with the new "Intel Processor" branding for low-end processors in laptops from 2023 onwards.[1] This also applies to desktops using Pentium and Celeron processors, and both brands were discontinued as planned in 2023 in favor of "Intel Processor" branded processors.

    Intel Pentium processor family
    Brand Microarchitecture Desktop Laptop Server
    Pentium
    Pentium OverDrive
    P5
    P54CS
    (0.35 μm)
    Pentium MMX
    Pentium OverDrive MMX
    Tillamook
    (0.25 μm)
    Pentium Pro P6 P6 (0.5 μm)
    P6 (0.35 μm)
    Mobile Pentium II
    Deschutes
    (0.25 μm)
    Dixon
    (0.18 μm)
    Drake
    (0.25 μm)
    Pentium III M
    Tualatin
    (130 nm)
    Tualatin
    (130 nm)
    Cascades
    (180 nm)
    Pentium 4 Extreme Edition
    		 NetBurst Willamette (180 nm)
    Northwood (130 nm)
    Gallatin (130 nm)
    Prescott-2M (90 nm)
    Prescott (90 nm)
    Cedar Mill (65 nm)    		 Northwood (130 nm)
    Prescott (90 nm)    		 Rebranded as Xeon
    Pentium Extreme Edition
    		 Smithfield (90 nm)
    Presler (65 nm)
    Pentium M
    P6
    based
    Dothan
    (90 nm)
    Pentium Dual-Core Yonah (65 nm)
    Core
    		 Allendale (65 nm)
    Wolfdale-3M (45 nm)    		 Merom-2M (65 nm)
    Pentium
    Core
    		 Wolfdale-3M (45 nm) Penryn-3M (45 nm)
    Nehalem Clarkdale (32 nm)
    Arrandale
    (32 nm)
    Sandy Bridge Sandy Bridge (32 nm)
    Ivy Bridge Ivy Bridge (22 nm)
    Haswell Haswell (22 nm)
    Broadwell Broadwell (14 nm)
    Skylake Skylake (14 nm) Braswell; Goldmont
    Kaby Lake Kaby Lake (14 nm) Goldmont Plus (Gemini Lake)
    Coffee Lake Coffee Lake (14 nm)
    Comet Lake Comet Lake (14 nm)

    Pentium-branded processors

    The die of a Pentium processor

    P5 microarchitecture based

    The original

    80486 processor and were marketed from 1993 to 1999. Some versions of these were available as Pentium OverDrive that would fit into older CPU sockets
    .

    Pentium

    Main article: List of Intel Pentium processors
    Core p Process Clock rates L1 cache FSB Socket Release date
    P5
    		 0.8 μm 60–66 MHz 16 KB 60–66 MHz Socket 4 March 1993
    P54C
    		 0.6 μm 75–120 MHz 16 KB 50–66 MHz Socket 5 October 1994
    P54CS
    		 0.35 μm 133–200 MHz 16 KB 60–66 MHz Socket 7 June 1995
    P55C
    		 0.35 μm 120–233 MHz 32 KB 60–66 MHz Socket 7 January 1997[14]
    Tillamook
    		 0.25 μm 166–300 MHz 32 KB 66 MHz Socket 7 August 1997

    P6 microarchitecture based

    A 100 MHz Pentium (ICOMP=815) processor manufactured in 1996

    In parallel with the P5 microarchitecture, Intel developed the P6 microarchitecture and started marketing it as the Pentium Pro for the high-end market in 1995. It introduced out-of-order execution and an integrated second-level cache on dual-chip processor package. The second P6 generation replaced the original P5 with the

    Pentium III Xeon respectively. The Pentium II line added the MMX
    instructions that were also present in the Pentium MMX.

    Versions of these processors for the laptop market were initially named Mobile Pentium II and Mobile Pentium III, later versions were named Pentium III-M. Starting with the Pentium II, the Celeron brand was used for low-end versions of most Pentium processors with a reduced feature set such as a smaller cache or missing power management features.

    Pentium Pro

    Main articles: Pentium Pro and List of Intel Pentium Pro processors
    Core Process Clock rates L2 cache FSB Socket Release date
    P6 0.5 μm 150 MHz 256 KB 60–66 MHz Socket 8 November 1995
    P6 0.35 μm 166–200 MHz 256–1024 KB 60–66 MHz Socket 8

    Pentium II

    Main articles: Pentium II and List of Intel Pentium II processors
    Core Process Clock rates L2 cache FSB Socket Release date
    Klamath
    		 0.35 μm 233–300 MHz 512 KB 66 MHz Slot 1 May 1997
    Deschutes
    		 0.25 μm 266–450 MHz 512 KB 66–100 MHz Slot 1 January 1998
    Tonga
    		 0.25 μm 233–300 MHz 512 KB 66 MHz MMC-2 April 1998
    Dixon
    		 0.25 μm 266–366 MHz 256 KB 66 MHz MMC-2 January 1999

    Pentium III

    Main articles: Pentium III and List of Intel Pentium III processors
    Core Process Clock rates L2 cache FSB Socket Release date
    Katmai
    		 0.25 μm 450–600 MHz 512 KB 100–133 MHz Slot 1 February 1999
    Coppermine
    		 0.18 μm 400 MHz–1.13 GHz 256 KB 100–133 MHz Slot 1,
    μPGA2
    		 October 1999
    Tualatin
    		 0.13 μm 700 MHz–1.4 GHz 512 KB 100–133 MHz Socket 370, BGA2, μPGA2 July 2001

    NetBurst microarchitecture based

    In 2000, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture named NetBurst, with a much longer pipeline enabling higher clock frequencies than the P6-based processors. Initially, these were named Pentium 4, and the high-end versions have since been named simply Xeon. As with Pentium III, there are both Mobile Pentium 4 and Pentium 4 M processors for the laptop market, with Pentium 4 M denoting the more power-efficient versions. Enthusiast versions of the Pentium 4 with the highest clock rates were named Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.

    The

    Pentium Extreme Edition
    .

    Pentium 4

    Main articles: Pentium 4 and List of Intel Pentium 4 processors
    Core Process Clock rates L2 cache FSB rates Socket Release date
    Willamette 180 nm 1.3–2.0 GHz 256 KB 400 MT/s Socket 423, Socket 478 November 2000
    Northwood 130 nm 1.6–3.4 GHz 512 KB 400 MT/s–800 MT/s Socket 478 January 2002
    Gallatin 130 nm 3.2–3.46 GHz 512 KB + 2 MB L3 800–1066 MT/s Socket 478, LGA 775 November 2003
    Prescott 90 nm 2.4–3.8 GHz 1 MB 533 MT/s–800 MT/s Socket 478, LGA 775 February 2004
    Prescott-2M 90 nm 2.8–3.8 GHz 2 MB 800–1066 MT/s LGA 775 February 2005
    Cedar Mill 65 nm 3.0–3.6 GHz 2 MB 800 MT/s LGA 775 January 2006

    Pentium D

    Main articles: Pentium D and List of Intel Pentium D processors
    Core Process Clock rates L2 cache FSB rates Socket Release date
    Smithfield 90 nm 2.66–3.2 GHz 2 MB 533–800 MT/s LGA 775 May 2005
    Smithfield XE 90 nm 3.2 GHz 2 MB 800 MT/s LGA 775 May 2005
    Presler 65 nm 2.8–3.6 GHz 4 MB 800 MT/s LGA 775 January 2006
    Presler XE 65 nm 3.46–3.73 GHz 4 MB 1066 MT/s LGA 775 January 2006

    Pentium M microarchitecture based

    In 2003, Intel introduced a new processor based on the P6 microarchitecture named

    Core Duo and Pentium Dual-Core. Unlike Pentium D, it integrated both cores on one chip. From this point, the Intel Core
    brand name was used for the mainstream Intel processors, and the Pentium brand became a low-end version between Celeron and Core. All Pentium M based designs including Yonah are for the mobile market.

    Pentium M

    Main articles: Pentium M and List of Intel Pentium M processors
    Core Process Clock rates L1 cache L2 cache FSB Socket Release date
    Banias
    		 130 nm 0.9–1.7 GHz 64 KB 1 MB 400 MT/s Socket 479 March 2003
    Dothan
    		 90 nm 1.00–2.26 GHz 64 KB 2 MB 400–533 MT/s FC-uBGA June 2004

    Pentium Dual-Core

    Main articles: Pentium Dual-Core and List of Intel Pentium processors
    Core Process Clock rates L1 cache L2 cache FSB rates Socket Release date
    Yonah 65 nm 1.6–1.86 GHz 64 KB 1 MB 533 MT/s Socket M January 2007

    Core microarchitecture based

    The

    Core microarchitecture. This eventually replaced all NetBurst-based processors across the four brands Celeron, Pentium, Core, and Xeon. Pentium Dual-Core processors based on the Core microarchitecture use the Allendale and Wolfdale-3M designs for desktop processors and Merom
    -2M for mobile processors.

    Pentium Dual-Core

    Main articles: Pentium Dual-Core and List of Intel Pentium processors § Core based Pentiums
    Pentium Dual Core logo
    Core Process Clock rates L1 cache L2 cache FSB rates Socket Release date
    Merom-2M 65 nm 1.46–2.16 GHz 64 KB 1 MB 533–667 MT/s Socket P Q4 2007
    Allendale 65 nm 1.6–2.4 GHz 64 KB 1 MB 800 MT/s Socket 775 June 2007
    Wolfdale-3M 45 nm 2.2–2.7 GHz 64 KB 2 MB 800 MT/s Socket 775 August 2008

    Pentium (2009)

    Main article: List of Intel Pentium processors § Core based Pentiums
    Core Process Clock rates L1 cache L2 cache FSB rates Socket Release date
    Wolfdale-3M 45 nm 2.8–3.2 GHz 64 KB 2 MB 1066 MT/s Socket 775 May 2009
    Penryn-3M 45 nm 2.0–2.3 GHz 64 KB 1 MB 800 MT/s Socket P January 2009
    Penryn-3M ULV 45 nm 1.3–1.5 GHz 64 KB 2 MB 800 MT/s BGA 956 September 2009
    Penryn-L ULV 1 45 nm 1.3–1.4 GHz 64 KB 2 MB 800 MT/s BGA 956 May 2009
    Codename Brand name Model (list) Cores L2 cache Socket TDP
    Allendale Pentium Dual-Core E2xxx 2 1 MB LGA 775 65 W
    Merom-2M Mobile Pentium Dual-Core T2xxx
    T3xxx    		 2 1 MB Socket P 35 W
    Wolfdale-3M Pentium Dual-Core E2xxx 2 1 MB LGA 775 65 W
    E5xxx 2 MB
    Pentium E6xxx
    Penryn-3M Mobile Pentium T4xxx 2 1 MB Socket P 35 W
    SU4xxx 2 MB μFC-BGA 956 10 W
    Penryn-L SU2xxx 1 5.5 W

    In 2009, Intel changed the naming system for Pentium processors, renaming the Wolfdale-3M based processors to Pentium, without the Dual-Core name, and introduced new single- and dual-core processors based on Penryn under the Pentium name.

    The Penryn core is the successor to the Merom core and Intel's 45 nm version of their mobile series of Pentium processors. The FSB frequency is increased from 667 MHz to 800 MHz, and the voltage is lowered. Intel released the first Penryn Core, the Pentium T4200, in December 2008. In June 2009, Intel released the first single-core processor to use the Pentium name, a Consumer Ultra-Low Voltage (CULV) Penryn core named Pentium SU2700.

    In September 2009, Intel introduced the Pentium SU4000 series together with the Celeron SU2000 and Core 2 Duo SU7000 series, which are dual-core CULV processors based on Penryn-3M and using 800 MHz FSB. The Pentium SU4000 series has 2 MB L2 cache but is otherwise basically identical to the other two lines.

    Nehalem microarchitecture based

    Main article: List of Intel Pentium processors

    The

    Arrandale
    a few months later.

    Core Process Clock rates L2 cache L3 cache I/O bus Socket Release date
    Clarkdale 32 nm 2.8 GHz 512 KB 3 MB DMI Socket 1156 January 2010
    Arrandale
    		 32 nm 1.2–1.86 GHz 512 KB 3 MB DMI Socket 988
    BGA    		 Q2 2010
    Codename Brand name L3 cache Socket TDP Features
    Clarkdale Pentium G6xxx 3 MB LGA 1156 73 W Integrated GPU
    Arrandale
    		 Pentium P6xxx 3 MB LGA 1156 35 W Integrated GPU
    Pentium U5xxx BGA 18 W

    On January 7, 2010, Intel launched a new Pentium model using the Clarkdale chip in parallel with other desktop and mobile CPUs based on their new Westmere microarchitecture. The first model in this series is the Pentium G6950. The Clarkdale chip is also used in the Core i3-5xx and Core i5-6xx series and features a 32 nm process (as it is based on the Westmere microarchitecture), integrated memory controller and 45 nm graphics controller and a third-level cache. In the Pentium series, some features of Clarkdale are disabled, including

    AES-NI, hyper-threading (versus Core i3), and the graphics controller in the Pentium runs at 533 MHz, while in the Core i3 i3-5xx series they run at 733 MHz, and Dual Video Decode that enables Blu-ray picture-in picture hardware acceleration, and support for Deep Color and xvYCC.[citation needed] The memory controller in the Pentium supports DDR3-1066 max, the same as the Core i3 i3-5xx series.[15]
    The L3 cache is also 1 MB less than in the Core i3-5xx series.

    Sandy Bridge microarchitecture based

    The Sandy Bridge microarchitecture was released in the Pentium line on May 22, 2011.

    • aAll models share the following details: 2 cores, 2 logical processors (4 on Pentium 3xx with hyper-threading), CPUID signature 206A7, family 6 (06h), model 42 (02Ah), stepping 7 (07h)
    • b
      4-way associative
      , 32 entries; data TLB 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 64 entries; instruction TLB 4-KB pages, 4-way set associative, 128 entries, L2 TLB 1-MB, 4-way set associative, 64-byte line size; shared 2nd-level TLB 4 KB pages, 4-way set associative, 512 entries.
    • cAll models feature: on-chip
      Intel VT-x
      , Smart Cache.
    • dAll models support:
      SSE4.2
    • e
      HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) contain 6 EUs and HD Graphics 2000, but does not support these technologies: Intel Quick Sync Video
      , InTru 3D, Clear Video HD, Wireless Display, 3D Video, or 3D graphics acceleration.
    Codename Brand namea L3 cacheb Socket TDP Featuresc,d
    Sandy Bridge Pentium 3xx 3 MB LGA 1155 15 W hyper-threading, ECC
    Pentium 9x7 2 MB BGA1023 17 W Integrated
    GPU
    Pentium B9x0 2 MB rPGA988B 35 W Integrated
    GPU
    Pentium G6xxT[16] 3 MB,
    8-way set associative,
    64 byte line size    		 LGA 1155 35 W Integrated GPUe
    Pentium G6xx[17] 65 W
    Pentium G8xx[18][19] 3 MB,
    12-way set associative,
    64 byte line size
    Sandy Bridge-E
    N    		 Pentium 140x 5 MB LGA 1356 40–80 W ECC,
    Intel VT-d, AES-NI

    Ivy Bridge microarchitecture based

    Currently, there exist Ivy Bridge models G2010, G2020, G2120, G2030, and G2130. All are dual-core and have no hyper-threading or Turbo Boost.

    Codename Brand name L3 cache Socket TDP Notes
    Ivy Bridge G2010, G2020, G2030, G2120,[20] G2130 3 MB LGA 1155 55 W w/o hyper-threading

    Haswell microarchitecture based

    Main article: Haswell (microarchitecture)

    Several Haswell-based Pentium processors were released in 2013, among them the G3258 "Anniversary Edition", first released in 2014 by Intel to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the line. As with prior-generation Pentium processors, Haswell and Haswell Refresh-based parts have two cores only, lack support for hyper-threading, and use the LGA1150 socket form factor.

    Broadwell microarchitecture based

    Broadwell-based Pentiums[specify] were launched in Q1 2015 using a 14 nm process (e.g. the dual-core 1.9 GHz Intel Pentium 3805U with 2 MB cache). They used the FCBGA1168 socket.

    Skylake microarchitecture based

    Skylake-based Pentium processors support up to 64 GB RAM. Features like

    AES-NI and RDRAND.[21]

    Integrated graphics are provided by Intel HD Graphics 510, utilizing a maximum of 1.7 GB of memory, for resolutions up to 4096×2304 @ 60 Hz using

    Display Port supporting up to 3 displays.[22]

    Kaby Lake microarchitecture based

    In Q1 2017 Intel released the

    L3 cache
    and Intel HD 610 integrated graphics.

    Coffee Lake microarchitecture based

    All Coffee Lake Pentium processors support

    Intel UHD Graphics
    .

    Comet Lake microarchitecture based

    All Comet Lake Pentium processors support

    Intel UHD 610 Graphics
    .

    Pentium-compatible Intel processors

    Due to its prominence, the term "

    Pentium-compatible" is often used to describe any x86 processor that supports the IA-32 instruction set and architecture. Even though they do not use the Pentium name, Intel also manufactures other processors based on the Pentium series for other markets. Most of these processors share the core design with one of the Pentium processor lines, usually differing in the amount of CPU cache
    , power efficiency or other features. The notable exception is the Atom line, which is an independent design.

    • Celeron, a low-end version
    • Core, the mainstream version including Core 2, Core i3, Core i5, Core i7 and Core i9, now placed above Pentium
    • Xeon, a high-end version used in servers and workstations
    • A100 (discontinued), an ultra-mobile version of Pentium M, succeeded by Intel Atom
    • EP80579
      , a system-on-a-chip based on Pentium M
    • Xeon Phi, a high-end version used in servers and workstations
    • Intel Quark, a now-discontinued, low-power reimplementation of the Pentium architecture for use as microcontroller and in other embedded applications

    See also

    References

    1. ^ a b c Warren, Tom (September 16, 2022). "Intel Processor will replace Pentium and Celeron in 2023 laptops". The Verge. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
    2. ^ "Processor Names and Numbers". Intel. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
    3. ^ "Intel Processors". Intel. Retrieved March 26, 2022.
    4. ^ "Names of processors". IA State.
    5. ^ a b Colapinto, John (October 3, 2011). "Famous names". The New Yorker. pp. 38–43. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
    6. ^ Burgess, John (October 20, 1992). "Intel's fifth-generation chip no longer goes by the numbers". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 22, 2022.
    7. ^ Huynh, Anh Tuan (September 20, 2006). "Intel "Conroe-L" Details Unveiled". DailyTech. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2007.
    8. ^ Thatcher, Michelle; Brown, Rich (April 23, 2008). "The multicore era is upon us". CNET. Archived from the original on January 19, 2013. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
    9. ^ "Intel to unify product naming scheme". TG Daily. August 6, 2007. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 12, 2007.
    10. ^ "Microprocessor Hall of Fame". Intel. Archived from the original on July 6, 2007. Retrieved August 11, 2007.
    11. ^ Brown, Rich; Thatcher, Michelle (April 23, 2008). "The multicore era is upon us: How we got here – Where we stand today". CNET Asia. Archived from the original on September 15, 2009. Retrieved April 18, 2009.
    12. ^ Shilov, Anton. "Intel Readies Pentium E2000-Series Processors". X-bit Labs. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
    13. ^ "Intel to unify product naming scheme". TG Daily. Archived from the original on September 26, 2007. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
    14. ^ "Intel introduces The Pentium Processor With MMX Technology". Intel. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
    15. ^ "Intel Core i3-350M Processor (3M Cache, 2.26 GHz) Product Specifications".
    16. ^ "CPU ID: SR05T Intel Pentium Dual-Core G620T". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
    17. ^ "SR05R Intel Pentium Dual-Core G620". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
    18. ^ "SR05P Intel Pentium Dual-Core G840". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
    19. ^ "SR05Q (Intel Pentium Dual-Core G850)". cpu-world.com. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
    20. ^ "Intel Pentium Processor G2120 (3M Cache, 3.10 GHz) Product Specifications".
    21. ^ "Intel® Pentium® Processor G4400 (3M Cache, 3.30 GHZ) Product Specifications".
    22. ^ "Intel Pentium G4400 Processor Review - Budget Skylake". April 12, 2016.
    23. ^ "Intel Pentium Gold G5420 Processor (4M Cache, 3.80 GHz) Product Specifications". ark.intel.com. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
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