Pepin of Italy
| Pepin | |
|---|---|
 Pepin depicted on a 10th century copy of a manuscript originally made in 829–836. | |
| King of Italy | |
| Reign | 781 – 810 |
| Coronation | 781 Rome |
| Predecessor | Charlemagne |
| Successor | Charlemagne and Bernard |
| Born | Carloman 777 |
| Died | 8 July 810 (aged 33) |
| Issue more... | |
Carolingian | |
| Father | Charlemagne |
| Mother | Hildegard |
| Carolingian dynasty |
|---|
 |
Pepin or Pippin (777 – 8 July 810) was
Life
Carloman born in 777, the second son of
Though only four years old, Pepin's coronation was not nominal—he was brought to Lombardy to live under the care of advisors provided by Charlemagne,the most important of which were Adalard of Corbie, Waldo of Reichenau, the Lombard duke Rotchild, and Angilbert.[8] Pepin's court was based primarily at Verona,[9] though he also operated from palaces in Mantua and the traditional Lombard capital of Pavia.[10] Pepin was king in his own name, but Charlemagne took a strong hand in Italy even into Pepin's adulthood, even on occasion issuing laws directly.[11]
After Pepin came of age, he began fulfilling his role as a military leader. He participated in his father's campaign against
In 806, Charlemagne gathered his sons and issued the Divisio Regnorum, which outlined formalized plans for the inheritance of the empire upon his death. Pepin was confirmed in this rule of Italy while also gaining most of Bavaria and Alamannia; Louis gained Provence, Septimania, and most of Burgundy in addition to Aquitaine; and Charles as his eldest son in good favour (Pepin the Hunchback having been confined to a monastery after a failed rebellion),[17] was given the largest share of the inheritance, with rule of Francia proper along with Saxony, Nordgau, and parts of Alemannia.[18] Charlemagne did not address the inheritance of the title of emperor he had gained in 800.[19] The Divisio also addressed the death of any of the brothers, and urged peace between them and between any of their nephews who might inherit.[20]
Charlemagne's succession plans did not come to fruition. Pepin died on 8 July 810, followed in quick succession by the deaths of his sister Rotrude, his aunt Gisela, Abbess of Chelles, and his half brother Pepin, and his brother Charles over the course of 810–811.[21] All were possibly victims of an epidemic that had spread from cattle in 810.[22] In the wake of these deaths, Charlemagne declared Pepin's son Bernard ruler of Italy, and his own only surviving son Louis as heir to the rest of the empire.[23] Louis and Bernard were formally invested as Charlemagne's heirs in September of 813, and would fully succeed upon his death in 814.[24]
Family and descendants
Pepin was married to Theodrada, who was his father's cousin and sister to his advisor Adalard.[25] His brother Louis would use the close relation between Pepin and his wife to portray the marriage as illegitimate in order to sideline Bernard.[26] Bernard's male-line descendants continued to rule as counts of Vermandois in Italy into the eleventh century, longer than any other agnatic descendants of Charlemagne.[27] In addition to Bernard, Pepin had five daughters: Adalhaid (the wife of Lambert I of Nantes and mother of Guy I of Spoleto), Arula, Gundrada, Berthaid, and Theodrada.[28] After Pepin's death, Charlemagne took the girls into his own household.[29]
References
- ^ Barbero 2004, p. 135.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 183, 181.
- ^ Collins 1998, pp. 60–62.
- ^ Nelson 2019, p. 181–182.
- ^ a b Nelson 2019, p. 183.
- ^ Nelson 2019, p. 182.
- ^ Fried 2016, p. 136.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 186, 409.
- ^ Fried 2016, p. 210.
- ^ Nelson 2019, p. 409.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 409–411.
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 86.
- ^ Nelson 2019, p. 326.
- ^ Godman 1985, p. 31.
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 73.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 380, 453.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 285–287, 438.
- ^ Fried 2016, p. 477.
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 157.
- ^ Nelson 2019, p. 432-435.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 440, 453.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 454, 474.
- ^ Collins 1998, p. 158.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. 476, 483–484.
- ^ Fried 2016, pp. 474, 504.
- ^ Fried 2016, p. 504.
- ^ Fried 2016, pp. 504, 625.
- ^ Nelson 2019, pp. xxxiv–xxxv.
- ^ McKitterick 2008, p. 91.
Bibliography
- Barbero, Alessandro (2004). Charlemagne: Father of a Continent. Translated by Allan Cameron. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23943-2.
- Collins, Roger (1998). Charlemagne. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-333-65055-4.
- Fried, Johannes (2016). Charlemagne. trans. Peter Lewis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0674737396.
- Godman, Peter (1985). Poetry of the Carolingian Renaissance. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press.
- ISBN 9780520314207.
- ISBN 978-1-139-47285-2.