Pärnu
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Pärnu
Pärnu linn City of Pärnu | |
---|---|
City | |
UTC+3 (EEST) | |
Vehicle registration | F |
Pärnu (Estonian pronunciation:
Pärnu is a popular summer holiday resort town among Estonians with many hotels, restaurants and large beaches. The city is served by Pärnu Airport.
History
Pärnu or Old Pärnu (Latin: Perona, German: Pernau, Alt-Pernau, Estonian: Vana-Pärnu), which was founded by the bishop of
The town became part of independent Estonia in 1918 following World War I and the Estonian War of Independence.
The city was occupied by the Soviet Red Army along with the rest of Estonia in 1940 during World War II, and its German population fled the town. It was briefly occupied by Germany from 1941 until 1944 before it was reoccupied by the Soviet Union during its counteroffensives. Pärnu then continued as being part of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, when Estonia restored its independence.
During the
Geography
Districts of Pärnu
There are seven districts in Pärnu: Ülejõe, Rääma, Vana-Pärnu, Kesklinn, Rannarajoon, Eeslinn and Raeküla.[3]
Climate
Pärnu lies within the temperate humid continental climate zone.
Climate data for Pärnu (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1842–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 9.0 (48.2) |
8.3 (46.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.1 (93.4) |
33.4 (92.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
22.4 (72.3) |
12.6 (54.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −0.8 (30.6) |
−1 (30) |
3.0 (37.4) |
10.2 (50.4) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.2 (68.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.1 (34.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.0 (26.6) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
5.4 (41.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.8 (44.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.5 (22.1) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
1.2 (34.2) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
13.6 (56.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
3.8 (38.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
3.2 (37.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | −34.8 (−30.6) |
−34.3 (−29.7) |
−28.5 (−19.3) |
−19.7 (−3.5) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
−34.5 (−30.1) |
−34.8 (−30.6) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 61 (2.4) |
49 (1.9) |
43 (1.7) |
40 (1.6) |
39 (1.5) |
78 (3.1) |
74 (2.9) |
84 (3.3) |
61 (2.4) |
83 (3.3) |
73 (2.9) |
71 (2.8) |
761 (30.0) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.6 | 10.4 | 9.5 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 9.7 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 12.2 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 127.6 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
88 | 87 | 81 | 73 | 68 | 73 | 75 | 78 | 82 | 86 | 89 | 89 | 81 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 38.8 | 69.6 | 148.2 | 210.1 | 300.3 | 293.5 | 306.4 | 258.6 | 172.8 | 95.5 | 36.5 | 24.3 | 1,950.2 |
Source: Estonian Weather Service [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] |
Coastal temperature data for Pärnu | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average sea temperature °C (°F) | 0.4 (32.72) |
0.0 (32.00) |
-0.1 (31.82) |
1.9 (35.42) |
7.7 (45.86) |
14.7 (58.46) |
19.4 (66.92) |
19.1 (66.38) |
15.9 (60.62) |
10.7 (51.26) |
6.7 (44.06) |
3.6 (38.48) |
8.3 (47.00) |
Source 1: Seatemperature.org[11] |
Waterbodies
Pärnu Moat was previously a part of Pärnu Fortress. Nowadays, it is mainly used as a venue for different events.[12]
Demographics
Year | 1881 | 1897 | 1922 | 1934 | 1959 | 1970 | 1979 | 1989 | 2000 | 2011 | 2012 | 2017 | 2021 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Population | 12,966 | 12,898 | 18,499 | 20,334 | 22,367 | 50,224 | 54,051 | 53,885 | 45,500 | 39,728 | 40,401 | 40,700 | 40,228 |
Ethnicity | 1922[13] | 1934[14] | 1941[15] | 1959[16]
|
1970[17]
|
1979[18]
|
1989[18]
|
2000[19]
|
2011[20]
|
2021[21] | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | amount | % | |
Estonians | 16440 | 89.0 | 18436 | 90.7 | 18370 | 96.7 | 26669 | 73.9 | 34370 | 74.2 | 36748 | 74.1 | 37939 | 72.4 | 36112 | 79.4 | 33000 | 83.1 | 33682 | 83.7 |
Russians | 494 | 2.67 | 469 | 2.31 | 328 | 1.73 | - | - | 9146 | 19.7 | 9676 | 19.5 | 10753 | 20.5 | 6951 | 15.3 | 5076 | 12.8 | 4256 | 10.6 |
Ukrainians | - | - | 7 | 0.03 | - | - | - | - | 1010 | 2.18 | 1255 | 2.53 | 1631 | 3.11 | 966 | 2.12 | 671 | 1.69 | 887 | 2.20 |
Belarusians | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 412 | 0.89 | 493 | 0.99 | 546 | 1.04 | 297 | 0.65 | 179 | 0.45 | 184 | 0.46 |
Finns | - | - | 14 | 0.07 | 11 | 0.06 | - | - | 517 | 1.12 | 543 | 1.09 | 534 | 1.02 | 331 | 0.73 | 254 | 0.64 | 324 | 0.81 |
Jews | 236 | 1.28 | 248 | 1.22 | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | 190 | 0.41 | 138 | 0.28 | 76 | 0.15 | 35 | 0.08 | 20 | 0.05 | 13 | 0.03 |
Latvians | - | - | 143 | 0.70 | 88 | 0.46 | - | - | 135 | 0.29 | 165 | 0.33 | 150 | 0.29 | 85 | 0.19 | 65 | 0.16 | 128 | 0.32 |
Germans | 1030 | 5.57 | 871 | 4.28 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 105 | 0.21 | 132 | 0.25 | 69 | 0.15 | 50 | 0.13 | 55 | 0.14 |
Tatars | - | - | 0 | 0.00 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 76 | 0.15 | 103 | 0.20 | 45 | 0.10 | 33 | 0.08 | 31 | 0.08 |
Poles | - | - | 34 | 0.17 | 26 | 0.14 | - | - | - | - | 108 | 0.22 | 81 | 0.15 | 60 | 0.13 | 35 | 0.09 | 37 | 0.09 |
Lithuanians | - | - | 10 | 0.05 | 6 | 0.03 | - | - | 60 | 0.13 | 80 | 0.16 | 83 | 0.16 | 82 | 0.18 | 60 | 0.15 | 58 | 0.14 |
unknown | 0 | 0.00 | 28 | 0.14 | 8 | 0.04 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 0 | 0.00 | 226 | 0.50 | 59 | 0.15 | 129 | 0.32 |
other | 281 | 1.52 | 74 | 0.36 | 167 | 0.88 | 9398 | 26.1 | 476 | 1.03 | 236 | 0.48 | 361 | 0.69 | 241 | 0.53 | 226 | 0.57 | 444 | 1.10 |
Total | 18481 | 100 | 20334 | 100 | 19004 | 100 | 36067 | 100 | 46316 | 100 | 49623 | 100 | 52389 | 100 | 45500 | 100 | 39728 | 100 | 40228 | 100 |
Economy
Today Pärnu is an economically balanced region with a comprehensive range of industries. Foreign investments and new businesses with up-to-date technologies have enhanced job creation and higher competitiveness of the businesses in the world markets. Several enterprises of Pärnu region stand out as the best in Estonia.
Significant flows of exports from Pärnu region and South-Estonia pass through the Port of Pärnu which lies at the mouth of the Pärnu River. In recent years, the port has developed into an important regional harbour for south-western and southern Estonia. Pärnu's fame as a rehabilitation and holiday resort dates back to the middle of the 19th century. The foundation of the first bathing facility in 1838 is considered the birth date of Pärnu resort. Today Pärnu has all desirable qualities of a modern holiday resort – it has spas and rehabilitation centres, hotels, conference and concert venues, golf courses and tennis courts, restaurants and pubs. Long tradition of as a resort has made Pärnu well known in Finland and Scandinavian countries.
Tourism
The majority of the tourists in Pärnu are Finns, Swedes and Russians. German, Latvian, and Norwegian tourists have also become more common.
In 1837, a tavern near the beach was made into a bathing establishment. The establishment accommodated 5–6 bathrooms that provided hot seawater baths in summer and operated as a sauna in winter. The wooden building was burnt down in the course of World War I. In 1927, the present stone building of Pärnu Mud Baths was erected at the same site.
Since 1996 Pärnu has been known as Estonia's Summer Capital.[22][23]
Starting from 2015 the city of Pärnu hosts the annual Weekend Festival, the largest dance music festival in the Nordic and Baltic region. Stages are headlined by DJs from across the electronic dance music spectrum, with audiovisual support. Some of the past and upcoming artists to perform include Martin Garrix, David Guetta, Avicii, Steve Aoki, The Chainsmokers, Tiësto, Armin van Buuren, Hardwell, Robin Schulz, Afrojack, deadmau5, Knife Party, Desiigner and many more. Pärnu is also known for its seawall. According to legend, if a couple holds hands while journeying along the wall and kisses at its endpoint they will stay together forever.[24]
Notable people
- Elisabeth Aspe, writer
- Gustav Fabergé, jeweller
- Johann Voldemar Jannsen, journalist and poet
- Lili Kaelas, archeologist
- IMSA
- Egon Kaur, rally driver
- Paul Keres, chess grandmaster
- Lydia Koidula, poet
- Ilmi Kolla, poet
- Kaie Kõrb, prima ballerina
- Karin Luts, artist
- Friedrich Martens, lawyer
- Kaili Närep, actress
- Rene Pais, professionally known as Syn Cole, DJ and musician
- Liisa Pulk, actress
- Rasmus Rändvee, singer
- Salme Reek, actress
- Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German physicist
- Erika Salumäe, track bicycle racer
- David Samoylov, poet
- August Sang, poet
- Olev Siinmaa, architect
- David Shrayer-Petrov, poet, fiction writer, translator, medical scientist
- Maxim D. Shrayer, author and literary scholar
- Lilli Suburg, writer
- Avo Sõmer, musicologist, music theorist, composer
- Kristin Tattar, athlete, disc golf world champion
Honorary citizens
- 1886 Konstantin Possiet
- 1901 Friedrich Fromhold Martens
- 1934 Konstantin Päts
- 2007 Neeme Järvi
- 2008 Valter Ojakäär
- 2009 Jüri Jaanson
Gallery
-
Nikolai street with St. Elizabeth's Church
-
Pärnu beach promenade
-
Sunset in Pärnu beach
See also
References
- ^ Population by sex, age and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform, 1 January. Statistics Estonia.
- ^ University of Tartu Pärnu College
- ^ "LINNAOSADE JA -JAGUDE LÜHENDID". www.eki.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved 18 March 2020.
- ^ "Climate normals-Temperature". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Climate normals-Precipitation". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Climate normals-Humidity". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Climate normals-Sunshine". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "Rekordid" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
- ^ "Kliimanormid-Sademed, õhuniiskus" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 1 February 2021.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 21, 2023.
- ^ "Pärnu Sea Temperature". 2023-04-25.
- ^ "Pärnu moat, Estonia". Visitestonia.com. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
- ISBN 9789916103067– via Digar.
- hdl:10062/4439.
- ^ Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04 (in German and Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1942. pp. 66–67.
- ISBN 9985-820-83-5.
- ^ Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года (in Russian). Tallinn: Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus. 1972. p. 75.
- ^ ISBN 978-9949-7193-2-7– via Digar.
- ^ "RL222: RAHVASTIK ELUKOHA JA RAHVUSE JÄRGI". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
- ^ "RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011". Estonian Statistical Database. Retrieved 4 February 2021.
- ^ "RL21429: Rahvastik Rahvuse, Soo, Vanuserühma Ja ELukoha (Haldusüksus) Järgi, 31. DETSEMBER 2021". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
- ^ suvepealinn
- ^ "Short history – VisitPärnu.com". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
- ^ "Pärnu Seawall".
24. Republic of Pärnu website Republic of Pärnu in-game page "The Republic of Pärnu", fictional nation on sim-strat game politicsandwar.com. browser-video-game. Created C. 2022
External links
- The Official Tourist Information Centre Foundation of Pärnu
- Parnu tour overview Archived 2006-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
- Sightseeing on Your own
- MERKO: 2010–2011 Pärnu moat and park area reconstruction, land reclamation and landscaping, with 6 photos
- Maxim D. Shrayer. Dunes of Happiness: Fifteen Summers in Estonia. Baltic Worlds (September 2013).
- https://there
publicofparnugov.odoo.com/en [ fictional country ]