Peroxisomal targeting signal

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In biochemical protein targeting, a peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) is a region of the peroxisomal protein that receptors recognize and bind to. It is responsible for specifying that proteins containing this motif are localised to the peroxisome. ^[1]

Overview

All peroxisomal proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and must be directed to the peroxisome.^[2] The first step in this process is the binding of the protein to a receptor. The receptor then directs the complex to the peroxisome. Receptors recognize and bind to a region of the peroxisomal protein called a peroxisomal targeting signal, or PTS.

Peroxisomes consist of a matrix surrounded by a specific

It was found that the PTS1 receptor is encoded by the PEX5 gene.^[4] PEX5 imports folded proteins into the peroxisome, shuttling between the peroxisome and cytosol.^[2] PEX5 interacts with a large number of other proteins, including Pex8p, 10p, 12p, 13p, 14p.

A few peroxisomal matrix proteins have a different, and less conserved sequence, at their amino termini. This PTS2 signal is recognized by the

"PEX" refers to a group of genes that were identified as being important for peroxisomal synthesis. The numerical attributions, such as PEX5, generally refer to the order in which they were first discovered.

A distinct motif is used for proteins destined for the peroxisomal membrane called the "mPTS" motif, which is more poorly defined and may consist of discontinuous subdomains.^[2] One of these usually is a cluster of basic amino acids (arginines and lysines) within a loop of protein (i.e., between membrane spans) that will face the matrix. The mPTS receptor is the product of PEX19.^[2]

References

External links

Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class TRG_PTS1

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