Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal
On 5 December 1496, King Manuel I of Portugal signed the decree of expulsion of Jews and Muslims to take effect by the end of October of the next year.[1]
Background
Until the 15th century, some Jews occupied prominent places in Portuguese political and economic life. For example,
Expulsion of Jews
On 5 December 1496, King
When the King allowed conversos to leave after the Lisbon massacre of 1506, many went to the Ottoman Empire, notably
Crypto-Jews
Jews who converted to Christianity were known as
Expulsion of Muslims
According to contemporary historian François Soyer, the expulsion of Muslims from Portugal has been overshadowed by the forced conversion of Jews in the country.[6] While tolerance of Muslim minorities in Portugal was higher than in any other part of Europe,[7] Muslims were still perceived as "alien."[8] Anti-Muslim riots were regular in neighboring Valencia during the 1460s; however, no similar acts of violence occurred in Portugal.[7]
In December 1496, Manuel I ordered all Muslim subjects to leave without any apparent provocation.
Return of some Jews to Portugal
In the 19th century, some affluent families of Sephardi Jewish Portuguese origin such as the Ruah and Bensaude, resettled in Portugal from Morocco. The first synagogue to be built in Portugal since the 15th century was the Lisbon Synagogue, inaugurated in 1904.[16]
In 2014 the Portuguese parliament changed the
From 2015 several hundred
See also
References
- ^ ISBN 9789004120808, p. 10-12.
- ^ François Soyer (2008). "King Manuel I and the expulsion of the Castilian Conversos and Muslims from Portugal in 1497: new perspectives" (PDF). Cadernos de Estudos Sefarditas, n.º 8, 2008, pp. 33-62.
- ^ Reuven Faingold (2013). "Judeus ibéricos deportados a São Tomé entre 1492-1497". Morashá: História Judaica Moderna (79).
- ^ "Sao Tome & Principe". Jewish Virtual Library.
- ^ Frédéric Brenner and Stan Neumann, Les Derniers Marranes (Motion Picture), La Sept-Les Film d'Ici, 1990.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 241.
- ^ a b Soyer 2007, p. 258.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 254, 259.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 242.
- ^ Soyer 2007, pp. 260–261.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 269.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 280.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 273.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 262.
- ^ Soyer 2007, p. 268.
- ^ "Shaaré Tikvah Synagogue - Lisbon". Path of Faith.
- ^ Lusa. "Descendentes de judeus sefarditas já vão poder pedir a nacionalidade". PÚBLICO.
- ^ DEVOS, Olivier. "Amid rising European anti-Semitism, Portugal sees Jewish renaissance". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
- ^ Liphshiz, Cnaan. "New citizenship law has Jews flocking to tiny Portugal city". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
- ^ "Portugal open to citizenship applications by descendants of Sephardic Jews". Mar 3, 2015. Retrieved Apr 4, 2019.
Sources
Soyer, François (2007). The Persecution of the Jews and Muslims of Portugal: King Manuel I and the End of Religious Tolerance (1496–7). Leiden, The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill NV.