Petar I Petrović-Njegoš
Petar I Petrović-Njegoš | |
---|---|
Prince-Bishop of Montenegro | |
Native name | Петар I |
Church | Serbian Orthodox Church |
Installed | 1784 |
Term ended | 1830 |
Predecessor | Arsenije Plamenac |
Successor | Petar II Petrović-Njegoš |
Orders | |
Ordination | 1784 by Mojsije Putnik |
Personal details | |
Born | 1748 |
Died | 31 October 1830 Cetinje, Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro | (aged 81–82)
Denomination | Eastern Orthodoxy |
Residence | Cetinje |
Parents | Marko Petrović Anđelija Martinović |
Coat of arms | |
Sainthood | |
Feast day | October 31 (Gregorian calendar), October 18 (Julian calendar) |
Venerated in | Serbian Orthodox Church |
Title as Saint | Saint Peter of Cetinje |
Canonized | by Serbian Orthodox Church |
Petar I
He was described as "a man of uncommon size, handsome features, considerable talent, and a highly respected character" by Therese Albertine Luise Robinson.[1]
Early life
The son of Marko and Anđelija (née Martinović), Petar followed the footsteps of his relatives, becoming a monk and a deacon. He spent four years in
Office
1784–99
Petar was made a bishop (ordained) by
The Metropolitan Petar I and
In July 1788, Jovan Radonjić asked Empress Catherine II of Russia to send Sofronije Jugović-Marković,[13] whom he promised the throne of Montenegro; Jovan sought to bring him to the land and replace Petrović, then get rid of him too, securing the rule for himself.[14] He sent another letter in 1789,[13] then made a trip to Austria[15] seeking to retrieve his reputation with the help of the Austrian court.[15] Radonjić requested that the Austrian army be sent into Montenegro, which was declined.[15] On Radonjić's re-request, the Austrian Emperor decided to send munition to Montenegro in February 1790, provided that the Montenegrins "come under the wings of the Emperor in war-time, as much as in peace-time, with the Ottoman Empire".[15] Austrian support looked unpromising.[15]
In 1794, the
The tribe of Njeguši to which the Petrović-Njegoš belonged was involved in one of the most long-standing blood feuds in Montenegro against the tribe of Ceklin in the 18th century. The feud lasted for 32 years and ended in 1797 in a joint meeting of all tribes of Old Montenegro under Petar Petrović. The pacification of the feud between two of the strongest tribes of the region is considered as an important step in Petar Petrović's strategy of uniting Old Montenegro.[20]
Metropolitan Petar I sent letters in 1799 to the
1800–09
During the First Serbian Uprising Petar I began cooperating with Karađorđe, the Serbian rebel leader. Petar I had by that time distinguished himself in international relations, as the bishop and ruler of Montenegro. It was known that Petar was ready to revolt as soon as a favourable opportunity came along. Russian ambassador in Vienna, Razumovski, informed Interior Minister Czartoryski of a secret message received on 13 December 1803 that Petar I had 2,000 armed men, and that he "had taken off his bishop clothes and dressed in military clothing, a general uniform" and that he planned to raise his army to 12,000 men. Knowing that his army would not be able to fight the stronger Ottomans, he sought to unite with the "rebels of Šumadija", and together, with the help of the Russian, turn on the Turks. He messaged Visoki Dečani of his intentions.[22] Petar I was a pen pal of Dositej Obradović.[23]
In 1806, the troops of
1810–20
Petar I waged a successful campaign against the
Pan-Serbism
Petar I conceived a plan in 1807 to revive a Serbian Empire ("Slaveno–Serb empire"), which he informed the Russian court.
Canonisation
He was canonised as Saint Peter of Cetinje by his successor Petar II Petrović-Njegoš. The Serbian Orthodox Church celebrate him on October 31, Gregorian calendar, which is October 18th in the Julian calendar.
Works
- The Lore in Verse (Поучење у стиховима)
- The Sons of Ivan-bey (Синови Иванбегови)
- Poem to Karageorge(Пјесма Карађорђу)
- To Serb Christmas Eve (Српско Бадње вече)
- Short History of Montenegro (Кратка Историја Црнe Горe)[33]
References
- ^ Talvj (1850). Historical View of the Language and Literature of the Slavic Nations: With a Sketch of Their Popular Poetry. G.P. Putnam. pp. 120–.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Stamatović 1999.
- ^ Kostić 2000, p. 351.
- ^ a b Journal of Central European Affairs. 1959. p. 81.
- ^ Srbsko Učeno Društvo 1891, p. 262.
- ISBN 9788649500471.
- ^ Stanojević & Vasić 1975, p. 460
Петровић и гувернадур Јован Радоњић, два прва црногорска главара, један по звању, а други по стварном положају. У почетку сложни, они се ускоро размимоилазе, јер сваки од супарника настоји да обезбиједи првенство у ...
- ^ a b c Brastvo. Vol. 32. Društvo sv. Save. 1941. p. 91.
- ^ Srbsko Učeno Društvo 1891, p. 227.
- ^ Stanojević & Vasić 1975, p. 460.
- ^ Čubrilović 1983, p. 362
- ^ Историски записи. Vol. 73. с.н. 2000. p. 127.
- ^ a b Vasilije Derić (1900). O srpskom imenu po zapadnijem krajevima našega naroda. Štampano u državnoj štampariji.
1788. год. пише Иван Радоњић, црногорски губернатор, руској царици Катарини II.: „Сада ми сви Срби Црногорци молимо вашу царску милост да пошљете к нама књаза Софронија Југовића"." 1789. год. пише опет Иван Радоњић, црногорски губернатор, руској царици: „Сад ми сви Срби из Црне Горе, Херцеговине, Бањана, Дробњака, Куча, Пипера, Бjeлопавлића, Зете, Климената, Васојевића, Братоножића, Пећи, Косова, Призрена, Арбаније, Маћедоније припадамо вашему величанству и молимо, да као милостива наша мајка пошљете к нама књаза Со- фронија Југовића
- ^ Srbsko Učeno Društvo 1891, p. 228.
- ^ a b c d e Stanojević & Vasić 1975, p. 442
- ^ a b Barjaktarović 1984, p. 28
- ^ Novak 1949, p. 178
... под Мартинићима и 22 септембра исте године у Крусима, недалеко Под- горице, половином црногорске војске командовао владика Петар I, а другом половином гувернадур Јоко. Из овога се јасно види до које висине је доспела ...
- ^ Ferdo Čulinović (1954). Državnopravna historija jugoslavenskih zemalja XIX i XX vijeka: knj. Srbija, Crna Gora, Makedonija, Jugoslavija, 1918-1945. Školska knjiga.
- ^ a b Barjaktarović 1984, p. 29
- ISBN 081221241X. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
- ^ a b Király & Rothenberg 1982, p. 65.
- ^ Bogunović.
- ^ Dositej Obradović (1899). Domaća pisma. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 203.
- ^ Morison, W. A. (1942). The Revolt of the Serbs Against the Turks 1804-1913. Cambridge University Press. GGKEY:BRSF4PUC0LU.
- ^ David MacKenzie (1967). The Serbs and Russian Pan-Slavism, 1875-1878. Cornell University Press. p. 4.
- ^ a b Miller 2012, p. 142.
- ^ Etnografski institut (Srpska akademija nauka i umetnosti) (1952). Posebna izdanja, Volumes 4-8. Naučno delo. p. 101.
Када, за владе Петра I, црногорсксу држави приступе Б^елопавлиЬи, па после и остала Брда, онда je, званично, „Црна Гора и Брда"
- ^ a b c d Јован Милићевић (1994). "Петар I Петровић, Идеја о обнови српске државе". Црна Гора 1797-1851. Београд. pp. 170–171.
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:|work=
ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d Ослобођење, независност и уједињење Србије и Црне Горе. Београд: Историјски музеј Србије. 1999. p. 116.
- ^ Bulletin scientifique. Vol. 22–23. Le Conseil. 1986. p. 300.
This was the time when Petar I devised his visionary programme of creation of a Slavonic-Serb state
- ^ Soviet Studies in History. Vol. 20. International Arts and Sciences Press. 1982. p. 28.
Montenegro sent to Russia in the spring of 1807 a project for establishing a Slavic-Serbian kingdom in the Balkans
- ^ Петар И Поповић (1933). Француско-српски односи за време првог устанка: Наполеон и Карађорђе. Издање потпомогнуто је из на Задужбине Луке Ћеловића-Требињца. p. 10.
- ^ "Sveti Petar Cetinjski - Kratka Istorija Crne Gore". www.njegos.org. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
Sources
- Bogunović, Nebojša. Iz srpske istorije. eBook Portal. pp. 71–74. GGKEY:TEEA3BSLU7B.
- Čubrilović, Vasa (1983). Odabrani istorijski radovi. Narodna knjiga.
- Вуксан Душан (1951). Петар I Петровић Његош и његово доба. Цетиње.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ISBN 978-0-930888-15-2.
- Kostić, Lazo M. (2000). Његош и српство. Српска радикална странка. ISBN 978-86-7402-035-7.
- Miller, William (2012). The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors 1801-1927. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-26046-9.
- Milović, Jevto M. (1987). Petar I Petrović Njegoš: pisma i drugi dokumenti. Istorijski institut SR Crne Gore.
- Novak, Viktor (1949). Istoriski časopis. Vol. 1.
- Pavićević, Branko (2007). Petar I Petrović Njegoš. CID. ISBN 9788649503427.
- Stamatović, Aleksandar (1999). "Митрополија црногорска за вријеме митрополита Петровића". Кратка историја Митрополије Црногорско-приморске (1219-1999).
- Dragoslav Srejović; Slavko Gavrilović; Sima M. Ćirković (1981). Istorija srpskog naroda. Vol. 5. Srpska književna zadruga.
- Glasnik cetinjskih muzeja. Vol. 7–10. 1974.
- Stanojević, Gligor; Vasić, Milan (1975). Istorija Crne Gore (3): od početka XVI do kraja XVIII vijeka. Titograd: Redakcija za istoriju Crne Gore. OCLC 799489791.
- Srbsko Učeno Društvo (1891). Glasnik Srbskog učenog društva. Vol. 72. u Državnoj štampariji.