Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington
Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs | |||||||||||||||||||
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In office 4 May 1979 – 5 April 1982 | |||||||||||||||||||
Prime Minister | Margaret Thatcher | ||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | David Owen | ||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Francis Pym | ||||||||||||||||||
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Member of the House of Lords | |||||||||||||||||||
Lord Temporal | |||||||||||||||||||
as a hereditary peer 6 June 1940 – 11 November 1999 | |||||||||||||||||||
Preceded by | The 5th Baron Carrington | ||||||||||||||||||
Succeeded by | Seat abolished[a] | ||||||||||||||||||
as a life peer 17 November 1999 – 9 July 2018 | |||||||||||||||||||
Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||
Born | Peter Alexander Rupert Carington 6 June 1919 London, England | ||||||||||||||||||
Died | 9 July 2018 Bledlow, England | (aged 99)||||||||||||||||||
Political party | Conservative | ||||||||||||||||||
Spouse |
Iona McClean
(m. 1942; died 2009) | ||||||||||||||||||
Children | 3, including Rupert | ||||||||||||||||||
Parent | |||||||||||||||||||
Alma mater | Royal Military College, Sandhurst | ||||||||||||||||||
Military service | |||||||||||||||||||
Allegiance | United Kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||
Branch/service | British Army | ||||||||||||||||||
Years of service | 1939–1949 (inactive from 1945) | ||||||||||||||||||
Rank | Major | ||||||||||||||||||
Unit | Grenadier Guards | ||||||||||||||||||
Battles/wars | Second World War | ||||||||||||||||||
Awards | Military Cross | ||||||||||||||||||
Service No. | 85592 | ||||||||||||||||||
Peter Alexander Rupert Carington, 6th Baron Carrington, Baron Carington of Upton,
Carington was Foreign Secretary in 1982 when Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands. He took full responsibility for the failure to foresee this and resigned. As NATO secretary general, he helped prevent a war between Greece and Turkey during the 1987 Aegean crisis.[1]
Following the House of Lords Act 1999, which removed the automatic right of hereditary peers to sit in the House of Lords, Carington was created a life peer as Baron Carington of Upton.
Background and early life
The surname "Carrington" (with two Rs) was adopted by royal licence dated 1839 by his direct male ancestor Robert Carrington, 2nd Baron Carrington, in lieu of Smith.[2] The latter's father, Robert Smith, MP for Nottingham, was created Baron Carrington in 1796 (Peerage of Ireland) and 1797 (Peerage of Great Britain).[3] The spelling of the surname was changed by royal licence to "Carington" (with one r) in 1880 by the 2nd Baron's sons, but the spelling of the title did not change.
Born in
Military service
After training at the
Political career 1946–1982
In 1938, Carington succeeded
Following his return to Britain he served under
When the Conservatives returned to power in 1970 under
Carington became shadow defence secretary in 1968 after
Carington was again leader of the opposition in the House of Lords from 1974 to 1979. In 1979 he was made
Carington chaired the Lancaster House conference in 1979, attended by Ian Smith, Abel Muzorewa, Robert Mugabe, Joshua Nkomo and Josiah Tongogara, which brought to an end Rhodesia's Bush War. He later expressed his support for Mugabe over Smith.[24]
Carington was primarily responsible for ensuring the
Carington was foreign secretary when Argentina
Lord Carrington was the last hereditary peer to hold one of the four Great Offices of State. After his resignation, no other member of the House of Lords held one of these offices until the appointment of former Prime Minister David Cameron as foreign secretary in 2023.[29][b]
Later life and death
Carington served as Secretary General of NATO from 1984 to 1988. He was chairman of the Victoria and Albert Museum from 1983 to 1988.[31] He was appointed Chancellor of the Order of St Michael and St George on 1 August 1984,[32] serving until June 1994.[33]
In 1991, he presided over diplomatic talks about the breakup of Yugoslavia and attempted to pass a plan to end the wars and result in each republic becoming an independent nation.[34]
Aside from his political posts, Carington was chancellor of the
After the
He died on 9 July 2018, aged 99, of natural causes[42][43][4] at his home, the Manor House,[44] in Bledlow, Buckinghamshire.[45] His son Rupert succeeded him as 7th Baron Carrington.[6]
A memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey on 31 January 2019.[46]
Family
Carington married Iona McClean (19 March 1920 – 7 June 2009), daughter of Lt Col.
In popular culture
Carington was a guest on BBC Radio 4's long-running programme Desert Island Discs in 1975[50] and on the same station's A Good Read in 2004.[51]
In the 1977 war film A Bridge Too Far, John Stride played a Grenadier Guards captain at Nijmegen Bridge based on Carington. This portrayal depicted the historical argument between Carington and Major Julian Cook on whether to move forward along the "Hell's Highway" route.[52]
In February 1982 Carington was portrayed by Rowan Atkinson in a Not the Nine O'Clock News parody of Question Time, pedantically discussing an imminent nuclear holocaust.[53][54]
Carington was portrayed by James Fox in the 2002 BBC production of Ian Curteis's The Falklands Play.[55] He was also briefly portrayed by James Smith in the 2011 film The Iron Lady,[56] and by Jeff Rawle in the 2014 play Handbagged.[57]
Honours
- 1945: Military Cross
- 1958:Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George(KCMG)
- 1959: Lord of Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council
- 1983:Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour(CH)
- 1985:Knight Companion of the Most Noble Order of the Garter (KG); Chancellor of the Order[39](1994–2012)
- 1988:
- 1999:[41] Life peerage, as Baron Carington of Upton
- Knight Grand Cross of the Royal and Distinguished Spanish Order of Charles III[63]
- 1988:[64] Presidential Medal of Freedom
- Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service
- Freedom of the City of London
Honorary degrees
- 1981:[65] University of Cambridge (LLD)
- 1983:DUniv)
- December 1989:DLitt)
- 1986:[69] Harvard University (LLD)
- 1993:[70] University of Nottingham (LLD)
- 14 December 1998:University of Newcastle upon Tyne (DCL)
- 21 November 2003:[72] University of Oxford (DCL)
Arms
|
Bibliography
- Reflect on Things Past – The Memoirs of Lord Carrington. Published by William Collins, 1988.[77]
Notes
- ^ Seat abolished by the House of Lords Act 1999.
- ^ David Cameron was made a life peer, becoming Lord Cameron of Chipping Norton, at the time he was appointed Foreign Secretary.[30]
References
- ^ Alan Cowell (29 March 1987). "Greeks and Turks ease Aegean crisis". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 July 2017.
- ^ Cokayne, and others, The Complete Peerage, volume II, p. 197.
- ^ Kidd, Charles. Debrett's Peerage & Baronetage, 2015 Edition. London, England. p. 220.
- ^ a b "Peter Carington, Last Survivor of Churchill Govt, Dies at 99". Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ISBN 9781857432176. Retrieved 10 July 2018 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c "Lord Carrington – obituary". The Telegraph. 10 July 2018. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
- ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ISBN 9780670916467.
- ^ {{cite web |url=https://archivesearch.lib.cam.ac.uk/repositories/9/resources/1508%7Ctitle=The Papers of Lord Carrington, Churchill Archives Centre|via=University of Cambridge
- ^ "No. 34593". The London Gazette. 27 January 1939. p. 608.
- ^ "No. 35077". The London Gazette (Supplement). 14 February 1941. p. 954.
- ^ a b "No. 36961". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1945. pp. 1173–1175.
- ^ "No. 36961". The London Gazette (Supplement). 27 February 1945. p. 1171.
- ^ "No. 37815". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 December 1946. p. 2877.
"No. 38636". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 June 1949. p. 2877.
"No. 38654". The London Gazette (Supplement). 1 July 1949. p. 3231. - ^ Membership and principal office holders. Parliament of the United Kingdom.
- ^ "No. 39278". The London Gazette. 6 July 1951. p. 3687.
- ^ 'List of current Privy Counsellors' Archived 21 December 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Privy Council of the United Kingdom.
- ^ "No. 41860". The London Gazette. 3 November 1959. p. 6942.
"No. 41891". The London Gazette. 11 December 1959. p. 7851.
"No. 41966". The London Gazette. 26 February 1960. p. 1451.
"No. 42044". The London Gazette. 27 May 1960. p. 3736.
"No. 42249". The London Gazette. 13 January 1961. p. 263.
"No. 42321". The London Gazette. 7 April 1961. p. 2546.
"No. 42476". The London Gazette. 29 September 1961. p. 7055.
"No. 42504". The London Gazette. 3 November 1961. p. 7931.
"No. 42564". The London Gazette. 5 January 1962. p. 145.
"No. 42909". The London Gazette. 1 February 1963. p. 980.
"No. 42925". The London Gazette. 19 February 1963. p. 1619.
"No. 42995". The London Gazette. 17 May 1963. p. 4217.
"No. 43077". The London Gazette. 9 August 1963. p. 6683. - ^ C. Lee. Carrington. An Honourable Man. Viking. Milton Keynes (2018) pp. 169–70.
- ^ Hennessy, Mark. "British ministers sanctioned torture of NI internees". The Irish Times. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ "British government authorised use of torture methods in NI in early 1970s". BBC News. 5 June 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ "Powell's 'rivers of blood' legacy". BBC News. 18 April 2008.
- ISBN 0002550490
- ISBN 978-0-14-104079-0.
- ^ Erik J. Evans, Thatcher and Thatcherism (1997), p. 99.
- ^ "The dishonourable Boris Johnson has brought us to the brink of catastrophe". The Guardian. 15 July 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2022.
- ^ Charles Moore, Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography: Volume I: From Grantham to the Falklands (2015), 1:674–75.
- ^ Hugo Young, One of Us: A Biography of Mrs. Thatcher (1989), p. 265.
- ^ "Peter Carrington". European Leadership Network. Archived from the original on 12 July 2018. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ Scott, Jennifer; Osborne, Samuel (13 November 2023). "David Cameron appointed foreign secretary and made peer in shock cabinet reshuffle move". Sky News. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
- ISBN 9780670916467.
- ^ a b "No. 49826". The London Gazette. 3 August 1984. p. 10601.
- ^ "Court Circular". Independent. 10 June 1994. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013.
- ^ "Obituary: Lord Carrington". BBC News. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
- ISBN 0-679-40588-7.
- ^ Who's Who. 1999.
- ^ "Centennial History". pilgrimsociety.org.
- ^ "Vale Lord Carrington". britain-australia.org.uk. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019. Retrieved 6 June 2019.
- ^ a b "No. 53843". The London Gazette. 8 November 1994. p. 15625.
- ^ "No. 60301". The London Gazette. 17 October 2012. p. 19937.
- ^ a b "No. 55676". The London Gazette. 23 November 1999. p. 12466.
- ^ "Ex-foreign secretary Lord Carrington dies". BBC News. 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ Langdon, Julia (10 July 2018). "Lord Carrington obituary". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ "The Manor House, Bledlow".
- doi:10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380447. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "Lord Carrington remembered at Westminster Abbey service".
- ^ "Obituary: Lord Ashcome". The Telegraph. 25 December 2013. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ "Lady Carrington". The Daily Telegraph. London. 24 June 2009. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ^ Langdon, Julia (10 July 2018). "Lord Carrington obituary". The Guardian.
- ^ "BBC Radio 4 - Desert Island Discs, Lord Carrington".
- ^ "BBC Radio 4 - A Good Read, Lord Carrington & Clare Francis".
- ^ "Carrington's One Man Decision". Key Military. 29 August 2019.
- ^ "Not The Nine O'Clock News episode guide, see: Season 4, Episode 4". SOTCAA.
- ^ "Episode 1, Compilations, Not the Nine O'Clock News – BBC Two". BBC. 27 October 1995. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ "James Fox". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 11 March 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ "Cast". Straysthefilm.com. Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ "Handbagged review – Playful speculation on Thatcher's meetings with the Queen". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 July 2018.
- ^ "No. 41404". The London Gazette (Supplement). 3 June 1958. p. 3514.
- ^ "No. 49375". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 June 1983. p. 19.
- ^ "No. 50104". The London Gazette. 26 April 1985. p. 5844.
- ^ "No. 51365". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 June 1988. p. 3.
- ^ "No. 53691". The London Gazette. 7 June 1994. p. 8301.
- ^ (in Spanish) "Royal Decree 554/1988, 3 June", Boletín Oficial del Estado, No. 134, 4 June 1988, p. 17360.
- ^ Ronald Reagan: "Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Lord Peter Carrington Archived 29 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine", 10 May 1988. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project.
- ^ "Honorary degrees conferred 1977" (PDF). University of Cambridge. Archived from the original on 6 September 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Calendar of the University of Essex – Former Chancellors, Vice-Chancellors, Emeritus Professors, Emeritus Librarians, Honorary Fellows and Honorary Graduates of the University". Essex.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 7 October 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ "Lord Carrington – Chancellor of the University of Reading – University of Reading". Rdg.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 10 September 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ "honorary graduates of the university of reading – University of Reading". Rdg.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 16 July 2009. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ "Harvard University Commencement | Some honorary degree recipients". Commencement.harvard.edu. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ Honorary Graduates of the University of Nottingham. University of Nottingham Archived 7 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Home Page – Alumni Association". Newcastle University. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ Chancellor's choice: honorary degrees for top 10. University of Oxford (21 November 2003) Archived 14 May 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Kidd, Charles, Debrett's peerage & Baronetage, 2015 edition, London, 2015, p. 220, with existing addition of "couped", although demi-lions usually shown couped not erased.
- ^ Chesshyre, Hubert (1996), The Friends of St. George's & Descendants of the Knights of the Garter Annual Review 1995/96, vol. VII, p. 287
- ^ Kidd, Charles, Debrett's peerage & Baronetage, 2015 edition, London, 2015, p. 220, amended by existing text adding further clarity, namely "on the body". The charges are here not shown palewise (in a vertical column) as in the blazon. Debrett's blazon makes no mention of beaked etc., or as depicted.
- ^ Burke, John (1832). A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire. H. Colburn and R. Bentley.
- ^ "Reflect On Things Past". goodreads.com. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
Further reading
- Bennett, Harry. "Lord Carrington, 1979–82." in British Foreign Secretaries Since 1974 (Routledge, 2004), pp. 131–154.
- Carrington, Peter Alexander Rupert Carington Baron. Reflect on things past: The memoirs of Lord Carrington (HarperCollins, 1988), a primary source.
- Kedourie, Elie. "False inevitabilities." American Scholar (1990) 59#3, pp. 462–468, review.
- Novak, Andrew. "Face-saving maneuvers and strong third-party mediation: the Lancaster house conference on Zimbabwe-Rhodesia." International Negotiation 14.1 (2009): 149–174. online[dead link]
- Sharp, Paul. "The Thatcher-Carrington Partnership." in Thatcher's Diplomacy (Palgrave Macmillan, London, 1997), pp. 30–49.
- Tendi, Blessing-Miles. "Soldiers contra diplomats: Britain's role in the Zimbabwe/Rhodesia ceasefire (1979–1980) reconsidered." Small Wars & Insurgencies 26.6 (2015): 937–956.
- Yorke, Edmund. "'A Family Affair': the Lancaster House Agreement." in Diplomacy at the Highest Level (Palgrave Macmillan, 1996), pp. 200–219.
External links
- Portraits of Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Announcement of his taking the oath under his new title at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 17 November 1999
- Lord Carrington's views on the EU from the Daily Telegraph
- Thatcher's First Cabinet
- Imperial War Museum Interview
- NATO Declassified – Lord Carrington (biography)
- Lord Carrington obituary | Politics | The Guardian
- The Papers of Lord Carrington, held at Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge