Peter Lorre

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the American actor. For the British politician, see Peter Laurie. For the Irish golfer, see Peter Lawrie.
The native form of this personal name is Löwenstein László. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals.

Peter Lorre
Lorre in 1930
Born
László Löwenstein

(1904-06-26)June 26, 1904
Rózsahegy, Kingdom of Hungary, Austria-Hungary (now Ružomberok, Slovakia)
DiedMarch 23, 1964(1964-03-23) (aged 59)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting placeHollywood Forever Cemetery
OccupationActor
Years active1929–1964
Spouses
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1934; div. 1945)​
  • ​
    ​
    (m. 1945; div. 1950)​
  • Anne Marie Brenning
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1953)​
Children1

Peter Lorre (German:

Austro-Hungarian Empire, before moving to Germany where he worked first on the stage, then in film in Berlin in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Lorre caused an international sensation in the Weimar Republic–era film M (1931), directed by Fritz Lang, in which he portrayed a serial killer
who preys on little girls. Known for his timidly devious characters, his appearance, and his accented voice, Lorre was frequently caricaturized during and after his lifetime and the cultural legacy of his persona remains in media today.

Lorre, of Jewish descent, left Germany after Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. His second English-language film, following the multiple-language version of M (1931), was Alfred Hitchcock's The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934), made in the United Kingdom.[1][2] Eventually settling in Hollywood, he later became a featured player in many Hollywood crime and mystery films. In his initial American films, Mad Love and Crime and Punishment (both 1935), he continued to play murderers. He was later cast playing Mr. Moto, the Japanese detective, in a series of B-pictures.

From 1941 to 1946, he mainly worked for

Casino Royale (1954). Some of his last roles were in horror films directed by Roger Corman
.

In 2017,

Academy Award nomination.[3]

Early life

Lorre was born László Löwenstein (Hungarian: Löwenstein László) on June 26, 1904, the first child of Alajos Löwenstein and his wife Elvira Freischberger, in the town of Rózsahegy in Liptó County, Kingdom of Hungary (German: Rosenberg; Slovak: Ružomberok, now in Slovakia). His parents, who were German-speaking Jews, had only recently moved there[a] following his father's appointment as chief bookkeeper at a local textile mill. Alajos also served as a lieutenant in the Austrian Army Reserve, which meant that he was often away on military maneuvers.[4][5]

László's mother died when he was four years old, leaving Alajos with three very young sons, the youngest several months old. He soon married his wife's best friend Melanie Klein, with whom he had two more children. However, Lorre and his stepmother never got along, and this colored his childhood memories.[4] At the outbreak of the Second Balkan War in 1913, anticipating that this would lead to a larger conflict and that he would be called up, Alajos moved the family to Vienna. He served on the Eastern Front during the winter of 1914–15, before being put in charge of a prison camp due to heart trouble.[6][7]

Acting career

In Europe (1922–1934)

Lorre in M (1931)
Lorre (left) in M (1931)

Lorre began acting on stage in Vienna aged 17, where he worked with Viennese

Breslau and later to Zürich. In the late 1920s, the actor[8] moved to Berlin, where he worked with Bertolt Brecht, including a role in Brecht's Man Equals Man and as Dr. Nakamura in the musical Happy End
.

The actor became much better known after director

Atlantic
.

When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Lorre took refuge first in Paris and then London, where he was noticed by

assassin in the film, but wanted to use him in a larger role despite his limited command of English at the time,[12]
which Lorre overcame by learning much of his part phonetically.

Michael Newton wrote in an article for The Guardian in September 2014 of his scenes with Leslie Banks in the film: "Lorre cannot help but steal each scene; he's a physically present actor, often, you feel, surrounded as he is by the pallid English, the only one in the room with a body."[13] After his first two American films, Lorre returned to England to feature in Hitchcock's Secret Agent (1936).[14] Lorre and his first wife, actress Celia Lovsky, boarded the Cunard-White Star Liner RMS Majestic in Southampton on July 18, 1934, to sail for New York a day after shooting had been completed on The Man Who Knew Too Much, having gained visitor's visas to the United States.[15][16][17]

First years in Hollywood (1935–1940)

Lorre settled in Hollywood and was soon under contract to

Dostoevsky, would be a suitable project with himself in the central role. Columbia's head Harry Cohn agreed to make the film adaptation on the condition that he could lend Lorre to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, possibly as a means of recouping the cost of Lorre not appearing in any of his films.[18]

For MGM's Mad Love (1935), set in Paris and directed by Karl Freund, Lorre's head was shaved for the role of Dr. Gogol, a demented surgeon. In the film, Gogol replaces the wrecked hands of a concert pianist with those of an executed knife throwing murderer. An actress who works at the nearby Grand Guignol theater, who happens to be the pianist's wife, is the subject of Gogol's unwelcome infatuation.[19] "Lorre triumphs superbly in a characterization that is sheer horror", The Hollywood Reporter commented. "There is perhaps no one who can be so repulsive and so utterly wicked. No one who can smile so disarmingly and still sneer. His face is his fortune".[20]

Edward Arnold and Lorre in Crime and Punishment (1935)

Lorre followed Mad Love with the lead role in Crime and Punishment (also 1935) directed by Josef von Sternberg. "Although Peter Lorre is occasionally able to give the film a frightening pathological significance," wrote Andre Sennwald in The New York Times on the film's release, "this is scarcely Dostoievsky's drama of a tortured brain drifting into madness with a terrible secret."[21] Columbia offered him a five-year contract at $1,000 a week (equivalent to $22,223 in 2023), but he declined.[22]

Returning from England after appearing in a second Hitchcock picture (

20th Century Fox.[22] Starring in a series of Mr. Moto movies, Lorre played John P. Marquand's character, a Japanese detective and spy. Initially positive about the films, he soon grew frustrated with them. "The role is childish," he said, and eventually tended to angrily dismiss the films entirely.[23] He twisted his shoulder during a stunt in Mr. Moto Takes a Vacation (1939),[24] the penultimate entry of the series. In 1939, he attended a lunch at the request of some visiting Japanese officials; Lorre wore a badge that read "Boycott Japanese goods."[25]

With Sig Ruman in Think Fast, Mr. Moto (1937)

Late in 1938,

The Hunchback of Notre Dame, according to a Fox publicist one of two roles Lorre most wanted to play (the other was Napoleon).[27]
Frustrated by broken promises from Fox, Lorre managed to end his contract.

After a brief period as a freelance, he signed for two pictures at

RKO in May 1940.[28] In the first of these, Lorre appeared as the anonymous lead in the B-picture Stranger on the Third Floor (1940), reputedly the first film noir.[29] The second RKO film, also in 1940, was You'll Find Out, a musical comedy mystery vehicle for bandleader Kay Kyser in which Lorre spoofed his sinister image alongside horror stars Bela Lugosi and Boris Karloff.[30]

Mainly at Warner Bros. (1941–1946)

Left to right: Sydney Greenstreet and Lorre in The Maltese Falcon (1941), the first of their nine films together
Lorre in the 1941 trailer for The Maltese Falcon
Humphrey Bogart, Mary Astor, Barton MacLane, Lorre, and Ward Bond in The Maltese Falcon
With Humphrey Bogart in The Maltese Falcon (1941)

In 1941, Lorre became a naturalized citizen of the United States.[31] Director John Huston effectively ended a period of decline for the actor and saved him from more B-pictures by casting him in The Maltese Falcon.[32][33] Although Warner Bros. was lukewarm about Lorre at first, Huston was keen for him to play Joel Cairo. Huston observed that Lorre "had that clear combination of braininess and real innocence, and sophistication... He's always doing two things at the same time, thinking one thing and saying something else."[33] Lorre himself reminisced fondly in 1962 about the "stock company" he now found himself working with: Humphrey Bogart, Sydney Greenstreet and Claude Rains. In his view, the four of them had the rare ability to "switch an audience from laughter to seriousness."[34] Lorre was contracted to Warner on a picture-by-picture basis until 1943 when he signed a five-year contract, renewable each year, which lasted until 1946.[32]

The year after Maltese Falcon, he portrayed the character Ugarte in Casablanca (1942). While Ugarte is a small part, it is he who provides Rick with the "Letters of Transit", a key plot device. Lorre made nine movies with Sydney Greenstreet counting The Maltese Falcon and Casablanca, a team which came to be called "Little Pete-Big Syd", although they did not always have much screen time in joint scenes.[35] Most of these motion pictures were variations on Casablanca, including Background to Danger (1943, with George Raft); Passage to Marseille (1944), reuniting them with Humphrey Bogart and Claude Rains; The Mask of Dimitrios (1944); The Conspirators (1944, with Hedy Lamarr and Paul Henreid); Hollywood Canteen (1944); Three Strangers (1946), a suspense film about three people who are joint partners on a winning lottery ticket, with third-billed Lorre cast against type by director Jean Negulesco as the romantic lead, also starring Geraldine Fitzgerald; and Greenstreet and Lorre's final film together, suspense thriller The Verdict (1946), director Don Siegel's first feature, with Greenstreet and Lorre finally billed first and second, respectively.

Lorre returned to comedy with the role of Dr. Einstein in Frank Capra's version of Arsenic and Old Lace (released in 1944) starring Cary Grant and Raymond Massey. Writing in 1944, film critic Manny Farber described what he called Lorre's "double-take job", a characteristic dramatic flourish "where the actor's face changes rapidly from laughter, love or a security that he doesn't really feel to a face more sincerely menacing, fearful or deadpan."[36]

Lorre's last film for Warner was The Beast with Five Fingers (1946), a horror film in which he played a crazed astrologer who falls in love with a character played by Andrea King. Daniel Bubbeo, in The Women of Warner Brothers, thought Lorre's "wildly over-the top performance" had "elevated the movie from minor horror to first-rate camp."[37]

Lorre said his continuing friendship with Bertolt Brecht, in exile in California since 1941, had led studio head Jack L. Warner to 'graylist' him, and his contract with Warner Bros. was terminated on May 13, 1946. Warner would be a "friendly" witness at his appearance before the House Un-American Activities Committee in May 1947.[38] Lorre himself was sympathetic to the short-lived Committee for the First Amendment, set up by John Huston and others, and added his name to advertisements in the trade press in support of the committee.[39]

After World War II (1947–1964)

Lorre in Quicksand, 1950

After World War II and the end of his Warner contract, Lorre's acting career in Hollywood experienced a downturn,

Der Verlorene (The Lost One, 1951) which Lorre co-wrote, directed and starred in. According to Gerd Gemünden in Continental Strangers: German Exile Cinema, 1933–1951, with the exception of Josef von Báky's Der Ruf (The Last Illusion, 1949), it is the only film by an emigrant from Germany which uses a return to the country "addressing questions of guilt and responsibility; of accountability and justice." While it gained some critical approval, audiences avoided it and it did badly at the box office.[42]

Vincent Price holding a replica of Lorre's head to publicize Tales of Terror (1962)

In February 1952, Lorre returned to the United States,

James Bond referred to as "Jimmy Bond". Lorre starred alongside Kirk Douglas and James Mason in 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea (1954) around this time. Lorre appeared in NBC's espionage drama Five Fingers (1959), starring David Hedison, in the episode "Thin Ice", and, in 1960, in Rawhide as Victor Laurier in "The Incident of the Slavemaster" and in Wagon Train as Alexander Portlass in "The Alexander Portlass Story". Lorre appeared in six episodes of Playhouse 90[43] as well as two episodes of Alfred Hitchcock Presents broadcast in 1957 and 1960, the latter a version of the Roald Dahl short story "Man from the South" starring Steve McQueen,[40] Lorre and McQueen's wife Neile Adams. He had a supporting role in the film Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea
(1961).

In Lorre's last years, he worked with Roger Corman on several low-budget films, including two of the director's Edgar Allan Poe cycle: Tales of Terror (1962) with Vincent Price and Basil Rathbone; and The Raven (1963), again with Price, as well as Boris Karloff and Jack Nicholson. He again worked with Price, Karloff and Rathbone in the Jacques Tourneur-directed The Comedy of Terrors (1963). He also appeared in a memorable 1962 episode of Route 66, "Lizard's Leg and Owlet's Wing", with Lon Chaney Jr. and Boris Karloff.

Marriages and family

Lorre was married three times:

Angelo Buono, posing as undercover police officers, had stopped her in 1977 with the intent of abduction and murder, but let her go on learning that she was the daughter of Peter Lorre. It was only after Bianchi was arrested that Catharine realized whom she had met.[44] Catharine died of complications from diabetes, on May 7, 1985, aged 32.[45]

Failing health and death

Niche of Peter Lorre at Hollywood Forever

Lorre had suffered from chronic gallbladder troubles, for which doctors had prescribed morphine. Lorre became trapped between the constant pain and addiction to morphine to ease the problem. It was during the period of the Mr. Moto films that Lorre struggled with and overcame his addiction.[46] Having quickly gained 100 lb (45 kg) and not fully recovering from his addiction to morphine, Lorre suffered personal and career disappointments in his later life.[43]

He died in Los Angeles on March 23, 1964, from a stroke.[47] His body was cremated and his ashes were interred at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood. Vincent Price read the eulogy at his funeral.[48]

Legacy and honors

Portrait of Peter Lorre by Yousuf Karsh (1946)

Lorre was inducted into the Grand Order of Water Rats, the world's oldest theatrical fraternity, in 1942.[49] Lorre was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6619 Hollywood Boulevard in February 1960.

Being

Kamek the magician in The Super Mario Bros. Movie in 2023.[52]

Actor Eugene Weingand, who was unrelated to Lorre, attempted in 1963 to trade on his slight resemblance to the actor by changing his name to "Peter Lorie", but his petition was rejected by the courts. After Lorre's death, however, he referred to himself as "Peter Lorre Jr.", claiming to be Lorre's son.[53] He obtained a few small acting roles as a result, including a brief uncredited appearance as a cab driver in Alfred Hitchcock's Torn Curtain (1966) starring Paul Newman and Julie Andrews.

Filk Song" in 2006.[54]

Addicted to Bad Ideas: Peter Lorre's Twentieth Century is a concept album written as a tribute to Lorre, focusing on the transition from Weimar Germany to the Third Reich, and Lorre's later career and death. The World/Inferno Friendship Society's lead singer Jack Terricloth describes Lorre as "a strangely charismatic, extremely creepy person, which I think most punk rockers can identify with ... It's the lure of the other. He's the underdog, the outsider."[55]

Filmography

Film

Year Title Role Director Notes
1929 The Missing Wife Dentist's patient Karl Leiter Uncredited
1930 Der weiße Teufel (transl: The White Devil) Unknown role Alexandre Volkoff Unconfirmed
1931 M Hans Beckert Fritz Lang
1931
Bomben auf Monte Carlo
 		Pawlitschek Hanns Schwarz
1931 Die Koffer des Herrn O.F. Redakteur Stix Alexis Granowsky
1932 Fünf von der Jazzband Car thief Erich Engel
1932 Schuß im Morgengrauen Klotz Alfred Zeisler
1932 The White Demon Hunchback Kurt Gerron
1932 Narcotics Hunchback Roger Le Bon
1932
F.P.1 antwortet nicht
 		Bildreporter Johnny Karl Hartl
1933 What Women Dream Otto Fuesslli Géza von Bolváry
1933 The Oil Sharks Henry Pless Henri Decoin
1933 Invisible Opponent Rudolph Cartier
1933 Du haut en bas Beggar G. W. Pabst
1934 The Man Who Knew Too Much Abbott Alfred Hitchcock
1935 Mad Love Dr. Gogol Karl Freund
1935 Crime and Punishment Roderick Raskolnikov Josef von Sternberg
1936 Secret Agent The General Alfred Hitchcock
1936 Crack-Up Colonel Gimpy Malcolm St. Clair
1937
Nancy Steele Is Missing
! 		Professor Sturm George Marshall
Otto Preminger
1937 Think Fast, Mr. Moto Mr. Kentaro Moto Norman Foster
1937 Lancer Spy Major Sigfried Gruning Gregory Ratoff
1937 Thank You, Mr. Moto Mr. Kentaro Moto Norman Foster
1938 Mr. Moto's Gamble James Tinling
1938 Mr. Moto Takes a Chance Norman Foster
1938 I'll Give a Million Louis 'The Dope' Monteau Walter Lang
1938 Mysterious Mr. Moto Mr. Kentaro Moto Norman Foster
1939 Mr. Moto's Last Warning Norman Foster
1939 Mr. Moto in Danger Island Herbert I. Leeds
1939 Mr. Moto Takes a Vacation Norman Foster
1940 Strange Cargo M'sieu Pig Frank Borzage
1940 I Was an Adventuress Polo Gregory Ratoff
1940 Island of Doomed Men Stephen Danel Charles Barton
1940 Stranger on the Third Floor The Stranger Boris Ingster
1940 You'll Find Out Fenninger Fred Fleck
1941 The Face Behind the Mask Jamos 'Johnny' Szabo Robert Florey
1941 Mr. District Attorney Paul Hyde William Morgan
1941 They Met in Bombay Captain Chang Clarence Brown
1941 The Maltese Falcon Joel Cairo John Huston
1942 All Through the Night Pepi Vincent Sherman
1942 Invisible Agent Baron Ikito Edwin L. Marin
1942 The Boogie Man Will Get You Dr. Arthur Lorencz Lew Landers
1942 Casablanca Signor Ugarte Michael Curtiz
1943 The Constant Nymph Fritz Bercovy Edmund Goulding
1943 Background to Danger Nikolai Zaleshoff Raoul Walsh
1943 The Cross of Lorraine Sergeant Berger Tay Garnett
1944 Passage to Marseille Marius Michael Curtiz
1944 The Mask of Dimitrios Cornelius Leyden Jean Negulesco
1944 Arsenic and Old Lace Dr. Einstein Frank Capra
1944 The Conspirators Jan Bernazsky Jean Negulesco
1944 Hollywood Canteen Himself Delmer Daves
1945 Hotel Berlin Johannes Koenig Peter Godfrey
1945 Confidential Agent Contreras Herman Shumlin
1946 Three Strangers Johnny West Jean Negulesco
1946 Black Angel Marko Roy William Neill
1946 The Chase Gino Arthur Ripley
1946 The Verdict Victor Emmric Don Siegel
1946 The Beast with Five Fingers Hilary Cummins Robert Florey
1947 My Favorite Brunette Kismet Elliott Nugent
1948 Casbah Slimane John Berry
1949 Rope of Sand Toady William Dieterle
1950 Quicksand Nick Irving Pichel
1950 Double Confession Paynter Ken Annakin
1951 The Lost One Dr. Karl Rohte, a.k.a. Dr. Karl Neumeister Peter Lorre
1953 Beat the Devil Julius O'Hara John Huston
1954 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea Conseil Richard Fleischer
1956 Meet Me in Las Vegas Himself Roy Rowland Uncredited cameo
1956 Congo Crossing Colonel John Miguel Orlando Arragas Joseph Pevney
1956 Around the World in Eighty Days Japanese Steward on the S.S. Carnatic Michael Anderson
1957 The Buster Keaton Story Kurt Bergner Sidney Sheldon
1957 Collector's Item: The Left Fist of David Mr. Munsey Short film
1957 Silk Stockings Brankov Rouben Mamoulian
1957 The Story of Mankind Nero Irwin Allen
1957 The Sad Sack Abdul George Marshall
1957 Hell Ship Mutiny Commissioner Lamoret Elmo Williams
1959 The Big Circus Skeeter Joseph M. Newman
1960 Scent of Mystery Smiley Jack Cardiff
1961 Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea Commodore Lucius Emery Irwin Allen
1962 Tales of Terror Montresor Roger Corman Featured in the segment "The Black Cat"
1962 Five Weeks in a Balloon Ahmed Irwin Allen
1963 The Raven Dr. Adolphus Bedlo Roger Corman
1964 The Comedy of Terrors Felix Gillie Jacques Tourneur
1964 Muscle Beach Party Mr. Strangdour William Asher Posthumous release
1964 The Patsy Morgan Heywood Jerry Lewis Posthumous release, final film role

Television

Year Title Role Notes
1954 Climax! Le Chiffre S1:E3 "Casino Royale"
1957 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Tomas Salgado Season 3 Episode 10: "The Diplomatic Corpse"
1960 Alfred Hitchcock Presents Carlos Season 5 Episode 15: "Man from the South"
1960 Wagon Train Alexander Portlass Season 3 Episode 23: "The Alexander Portlass Story"
1960 Rawhide Victor Laurier S3:E5, "Incident of the Slavemaster"
1962 Route 66 Peter Lorre S3:E6, "Lizard's Leg and Owlet's Wing"

Notes

  1. Slovak
    town. Cf. Friedemann Beyer: Peter Lorre. Seine Filme – sein Leben, München 1988, p. 8 ("Sie waren Juden, und sie sprachen deutsch in einer Gegend, in der überwiegend Slowaken lebten.")

References

  1. ^ "Multiple-Language Version Film Collectors' Guide: M (1931)". Brenton Film. August 4, 2015.
  2. ^ "Alfred Hitchcock Collectors' Guide: The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934)". Brenton Film. November 19, 2019.
  3. ^ Robey, Tim (February 1, 2016). "20 great actors who've never been nominated for an Oscar". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  4. ^ a b Youngkin 2005, p. 5.
  5. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 6.
  6. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 7.
  7. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 8.
  8. ^ "Per Lorre FAQ", Stephen D. Youngkin's Peter Lorre website
  9. ^ a b Sharon Packer Movies and the Modern Psyche, Westport, CN: Praeger, 2007, p. 88
  10. ^ Barry Keith Grant (ed.) Fritz Lang: Interviews, University Press of Mississippi, 2003, p. 78
  11. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 64.
  12. ^ "The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934)". Tcm.com. Retrieved June 11, 2009.
  13. ^ .com/film/2014/sep/12/peter-lorre-master-macabre-bfi "Peter Lorre: master of the macabre"], The Guardian, September 12, 2014
  14. ^ a b Philip French "Peter Lorre: a great screen actor remembered", The Observer, August 31, 2014.
  15. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 98.
  16. ^ https://www.peterlorrebook.com/faq01.html
  17. ^ https://epdf.pub/the-lost-one-a-life-of-peter-lorre.html
  18. ^ Sarah Thomas Peter Lorre, Face Maker: Stardom and Performance Between Hollywood and Europe, Berghahn Books, 2012, p. 56
  19. ^ Bartłomiej Paszylk The Pleasure and Pain of Cult Horror Films: An Historical Survey, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2009, pp. 34–36
  20. ^ Gregory William Mank Hollywood Cauldron: Thirteen Horror Films from the Genre's Golden Age, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1994 [2001], p. 147
  21. ^ John Baxter Von Sternberg, Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2010, p. 197
  22. ^ a b David Shipman The Great Movie Stars: 2, The International Years, London: Macdonald, 1989, pp. 336–38
  23. ^ Youngkin 2005, pp. 156–57.
  24. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 156.
  25. ^ Leonard Lyons. "The New Yorker". The Washington Post (1923–1954) [Washington, D.C] July 1, 1939, p. 6
  26. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 164.
  27. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 163.
  28. ^ Youngkin 2005, pp. 164–68.
  29. ^ Alain Silver and Elizabeth Ward Film Noir: An Encyclopedic Reference to the American Style, New York & WoodstocK: Overlook Press, 1992, p. 269
  30. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 170.
  31. ^ Jennifer Fay Theaters of Occupation: Hollywood and the Reeducation of Postwar Germany, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press, 2008, p. 65
  32. ^ a b Sarah Thomas Peter Lorre, Face Maker: Stardom and Performance Between Hollywood and Europe, Berghahn Books, 2012, p. 90
  33. ^ a b Youngkin (2005), p. 178
  34. ^ Youngkin (2005), p. 162
  35. ^ Wesley Alan Britton Onscreen and Undercover: The Ultimate Book of Movie Espionage, Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006, p. 46
  36. ^ Farber, Manny, The New Republic, July 10, 1944
  37. ^ Daniel Bubbeo The Women of Warner Brothers: The Lives and Careers of 15 Leading Ladies, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2002, p. 124
  38. ^ Youngkin (2005), p. 244
  39. ^ Youngkin (2005), pp. 298–99
  40. ^ a b Anne Billson "Peter Lorre: one of cinema's most deliciously sinister presences", The Sunday Telegraph, March 23, 2014
  41. ^ Youngkin (2005), p. 309
  42. ^ a b Gerd Gemünden Continental Strangers: German Exile Cinema, 1933–1951, New York: Coluimbia University Press, 2014, pp. 161–62
  43. ^ a b Scheuer, Steven H. (February 24, 1960). "Peter Lorre Says He's Very Well / Stars Tonight On Playhouse 90". Mansfield News Journal. Retrieved May 11, 2022.
  44. ISBN 1-884956-37-8
  45. ISBN 9780786479924
    .
  46. ^ "Peter Lorre" on Classic Images past issues, 1998
  47. ^ "From the Archives: Movie Villain Peter Lorre Found Dead in His Hollywood Apartment". LA Times. March 24, 1964.
  48. ^ Youngkin 2005, p. 448.
  49. ^ Younkin (2005), p. 312. "The Grand Order of Water Rats ... inducted Lorre into the oldest theatrical fraternity in the world the following day. Having developed a close friendship with the actor (Lockwood), and feeling that he would fit the requirements (two years' experience as a professional entertainer; no objections from any other Rat; fund-raising activities for charity), Lockwood proposed Lorre for membership in the elite charitable organization."
  50. ^ a b c Youngkin 2005, pp. 214, 451–453.
  51. ^ Meisler, Andy (August 16, 1992). "TELEVISION; Ren and Stimpy's Triumphant Return". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
  52. ^ "Re-VIEW: 'The Super Mario Bros. Movie' – Simply a Delight". Animation World Network. Retrieved March 26, 2024.
  53. ^ Younkin (2005), p. 443. "After the actor's death, however, he began passing himself off as Lorre's son, repeatedly contradicting his earlier testimony."
  54. ^ Pegasus Awards − I Want To Be Peter Lorre
  55. ^ Sisario, Ben (January 8, 2009). "Addicted to Peter Lorre (That Voice, Those Eyes)". The New York Times.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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