Peter de Montfort
Peter de Montfort | |
|---|---|
.png) Arms of Peter de Montfort: Bendy of eight Or and azure, as shown on the Dering Roll (1270/80)[1] | |
| Prolocutor of the English Parliament | |
| In office 1258–1264 | |
| Monarch | Henry III |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1205 |
| Died | 4 August 1265 (aged 59–60) William I de Cantilupe (mother) |
Peter de Montfort (or Piers de Montfort) (c. 1205 – 4 August 1265) of
Life
Peter de Montfort was the son of Thurstan de Montfort (d.1216)
Montfort's principal estate was at
After his father's death, Peter de Montfort's wardship was granted by
Beaudesert was only nine miles from Kenilworth, which from 1244 on was the base of Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester. According to Carpenter, it was likely this proximity which drew Montfort into the Earl's circle.[4] He attested a number of the Earl's charters, and in the early autumn of 1248 was in his retinue while the Earl was Seneschal in Gascony. He had returned to England by 1251, when he was given custody of Horston Castle in Derbyshire, but by 1253 was back in Gascony.[9]
Montfort accompanied the King's son, the future Edward I, to Spain when he married Eleanor of Castile in the summer of 1254,[9] and on 19 September of that year acted as surety at Bordeaux for the King's debts. For the next two years he was sent on diplomatic missions by Henry III; however his foreign service appears to have ended in 1257, by which time he was a member of the royal council, had received an appointment in the Welsh Marches,[9][4] and was serving as High Sheriff of Staffordshire[10] and Shropshire.[citation needed]
In April 1258 he and Simon de Montfort were among the seven magnates who revolted against Henry III (the
On 12 April 1261, shortly before his death, Pope Alexander IV issued a papal bull which absolved Henry III of the oath he had taken to keep the Provisions of Oxford; when the King made this known in June of that year, Peter de Montfort was one of three arbitrators elected by the barons to negotiate with the King on their behalf.[13] According to Cokayne, Montfort 'was now beginning to associate himself definitely with the baronial party', and as a result, the Sheriff of Warwickshire was ordered to prevent him from fortifying Beaudesert Castle.[13] He took part with other barons in attacking Worcester, which fell on 28 February 1263 after several assaults.[13] A temporary peace between the King and the barons was arranged in July of that year, and Montfort was given charge of Corfe Castle and Shirburn Castle.[13]
Simon de Montfort had left England after Henry III's return to power, but was back in the country in April 1263. In March 1264 civil war again broke out, and Peter de Montfort sided with Simon de Montfort against the King.[4] On 2 April 1264 he had a safe conduct to Brackley to meet with Henry III's envoys; however on the following day he and his two sons, Peter and Robert, were at Northampton Castle when the Keeper surrendered it to Simon de Montfort the Younger.[14] On 5 April the castle was retaken by the King,[4] and Peter de Montfort and his sons were taken prisoner and transported to Windsor.[14] They were released after Simon de Montfort's victory at the Battle of Lewes.[4][14]
During the subsequent dominance of Simon de Montfort, Peter de Montfort became one of a nine-member council forced upon the King in June 1264. Thereafter he played a principal role in the government of the county. On 11 September he was appointed one of the envoys who negotiated the reformation of the English government in the presence of Louis IX of France and the Papal Legate.[14] On 16 November he and his heirs were granted the manor of Garthorpe, Leicestershire.[4][14] On 20 December he was granted custody of Whittington Castle and Hereford Castle.[14] He accompanied Simon de Montfort when the latter journeyed into Wales, and was joint keeper of the royal seal during that time.[14]
He was with Simon de Montfort in his final campaign, and was slain with him at the Battle of Evesham on 4 August 1265. His two sons, Peter and Robert, who also took part in the battle, were both wounded and taken prisoner.[4][14]
His place of burial is unknown. He was survived by his wife, Alice.[14] His heirs in the male line died out in 1367.[4]
Peter de Montfort's arms were Bendy of eight, Or and azure,[15][16] although a seal of Peter de Montfort shows only bendy of six.[14]
Marriage and issue
Montfort married Alice Audley, daughter of Henry Audley, by whom he had two sons, Peter and Robert.[14]
His eldest son, Peter de Montfort (d. before 4 March 1287), succeeded him.
- Piers Gaveston, for which he was eventually pardoned. He was slain at the Battle of Bannockburn, dying unmarried and without issue, and was succeeded by his younger brother, Peter de Montfort, 3rd Baron Montfort (d. before 24 January 1370), who also died without legitimate male issue,[23] at which time any barony created by writ fell into abeyance among his two sisters.[24][25]
- Elizabeth de Montfort, who married William Montagu, 2nd Baron Montagu, by whom she was the mother of four sons and seven daughters, including William Montagu, 1st Earl of Salisbury; Simon Montagu, successively Bishop of Worcester and Bishop of Ely; Elizabeth Montagu, Prioress of Holywell Priory; and Maud and Isabel Montagu, successively Abbesses of Barking Abbey.
- Alice de Montfort, who married firstly Warin de Lisle (d. before 7 December 1296), by whom she was the mother of Robert de Lisle, 1st Baron Lisle (d. 4 January 1343), and secondly Robert FitzWalter, 1st Baron FitzWalter.[26]
Notes
- ^ no.83, Dering Roll
- ^ History of the Speakership Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Cokayne 1936, p. 123.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Carpenter 2004.
- ^ Cokayne is unsure of this, stating that 'it is possible he married a daughter of William de Cantilupe the elder'.
- ^ Holden 2004.
- ^ a b Beaudesert Castle, Warwickshire Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ Cokayne 1936, pp. 120–1.
- ^ a b c Cokayne 1936, p. 124.
- ^ "Collections for a History of Staffordshire". Kendal, Eng., etc. 1880. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
- ^ According to Cokayne, the council had twenty-four members, of whom twelve were elected by the barons.
- ^ The Role of the Speaker Retrieved 22 October 2013.
- ^ a b c d e Cokayne 1936, p. 125.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Cokayne 1936, p. 126.
- ^ Fetherston 1877, p. 54.
- ^ Arms of Piers de Montfort, The Dering Roll, c.1270 Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 23 October 2013.
- ^ a b c Cokayne 1936, p. 127.
- ^ a b Wigram 1896, p. 9.
- ^ Cokayne 1998, p. 443.
- ^ Cokayne 1936, pp. 82, 127–8.
- ^ Cokayne 1936, p. 128.
- ^ Richardson I 2011, p. 53.
- ^ He is said to have had two illegitimate sons, John and Richard; Richardson I 2011, p. 53
- ^ Cokayne 1936, pp. 127–30.
- ^ Richardson IV 2011, p. 256.
- ^ Richardson III 2011, pp. 27–8.
References
- Carpenter, D.A. (2004). "Montfort, Peter de (c.1205–1265)". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/37845. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Cokayne, George Edward (1936). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday and Lord Howard de Walden. Vol. IX. London: St. Catherine Press.
- Cokayne, George Edward (1998). The Complete Peerage, edited by Peter W. Hammond. Vol. XIV. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing.
- Fetherston, John, ed. (1877). The Visitation of the County of Warwick in the Year 1619. Vol. XII. London: Harleian Society. p. 54.
- Holden, B.W (2004). "Cantilupe, William (I) de (d. 1239)". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/4572. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)The first edition of this text is available at Wikisource: . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
- Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Plantagenet Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. I (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966317.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. III (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1449966393.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Richardson, Douglas (2011). Everingham, Kimball G. (ed.). Magna Carta Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Vol. IV (2nd ed.). Salt Lake City. ISBN 978-1460992708.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Wigram, Spencer Robert (1896). The Cartulary of the Monastery of St. Frideswide at Oxford. Vol. II. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 9. Retrieved 23 October 2013.