Peter von Hagenbach
Peter von Hagenbach (c. 1420 – May 9, 1474), also Pierre de Hagenbach, Pietro di Hagenbach, Pierre d'Archambaud, or Pierre d'Aquenbacq, was a Burgundian knight from Alsace, German military and civil commander, and convicted war criminal. The trial of Hagenbach was the first known trial of a war crime in history.
Biography
He was born into an Alsatian-Burgundian family, originally from Hagenbach, where they owned a castle.[citation needed]
He was instated as
Treaty of St. Omer in 1469. There he coined the term Landsknecht[citation needed]—from German, Land ("land, country") + Knecht ("servant"). It was originally intended to indicate soldiers of the lowlands of the Holy Roman Empire as opposed to the Swiss mercenaries. As early as 1500 the misleading spelling Lanzknecht became common because of the phonetic and visual similarity between Land(e)s ("of the land/territory") and Lanze ("lance
").
Following a
war rape, and perjury, among other crimes, that "he as a knight was deemed to have a duty to prevent". He defended himself by arguing that he was only following orders from the Duke of Burgundy, to whom the Holy Roman Empire had given Breisach.[1][3] The ad hoc tribunal, however, refused to accept this as a defense. Peter von Hagenbach was found guilty of murder, rape, and perjury, and was beheaded at Breisach.[4]
Legacy
Although there was no explicit use of a doctrine of
See also
References
- ^ a b Greppi, Edoardo (September 30, 1999). "The evolution of individual criminal responsibility under international law". International Review of the Red Cross (835). Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ Grant, Linda (April 1, 2006). "Exhibit highlights the first international war crimes tribunal". Harvard Law Bulletin. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ Bassiouni, M. Cherif (Spring 2006). "The Perennial Conflict Between International Criminal Justice and Realpolitik". Georgia State University Law Review. 22 (3): 551. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-521-88125-8. Retrieved November 21, 2023.
- ^ Command Responsibility The Mens Rea Requirement, By Eugenia Levine, Global Policy Forum, February 2005
- ^ Luping, Diane. 2009. “Investigation and Prosecution of Sexual and Gender-Based Crimes before the International Criminal Court.” Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law. 17(2): 431–492.
- OCLC 808438842. p. 194.
External links
New International Encyclopedia article about "Peter von Hagenbach
".- THE TRIAL OF PETER VON HAGENBACH: RECONCILING HISTORY, HISTORIOGRAPHY, AND INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL LAW
- Swiss-Burgundian War 1474–1477
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