Petrocorii
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The Petrocorii were a
Etymology
They are mentioned as Petrocoriis by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC),[1] Petrokórioi (Πετροκόριοι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD) and Ptolemy (2nd c. AD),[2] Petrocori by Pliny (1st c. AD),[3] and as Petrogorii by Sidonius Apollinaris (5th c. AD).[4][5]
The Gaulish ethnonym Petrocorii means 'four armies', or 'four troops'. It derives from the Gaulish stem petru- ('four') attached to corios ('army'), after a Gallic custom of including numbers in tribal names (e.g. Vo-contii, Vo-corii, Tri-corii, Suess-iones).[6][7] Their name may indicate a relatively recent formation emerging from the union of fragmented small ethnic groups.[8]
The word corios derives from
The city of Périgueux, attested ca. 400 AD as civitas Petrocoriorum ('civitas of the Petrocorii'; Petrecors in the 8th c., Periguhès in 1466), and the Périgord region, attested in the 7th c. AD as pagum Petrocorecum ('pagus of the Petrocorii'; Petragoricus in 781, Peiregore in the 12th c.), are named after the Gallic tribe.[11]
Geography
The Petrocorii lived in the present-day
During the Roman period, their chief town was Vesunna, corresponding to the modern town of Périgueux.[5]
History
In 52 BC, they supplied around 5,000 warriors to Vercingetorix, to aid him to fight the Roman legions of Julius Caesar. Strabo mentions their excellence working with iron.[12]
See also
References
- ^ Caesar. Commentarii de Bello Gallico, 7:75:3.
- ^ Strabo. Geōgraphiká, 4:2:2; Ptolemy. Geōgraphikḕ Hyphḗgēsis, 2:7:9.
- ^ Pliny. Naturalis Historia, 4:109.
- ^ Sidonius Apollinaris. Epistles, 7:6:7.
- ^ a b Falileyev 2010, s.v. Petrocori and Vesunna.
- ^ Lambert 1994, p. 35.
- ^ Delamarre 2003, pp. 125, 250, 326.
- ^ Kruta 2000, p. 71: "Il semble s'agir dans tous les cas de petites cités, issues peut-être de l'éclatement d'ensembles ethniques plus importants."
- ^ Matasović 2009, p. 218.
- ^ Matasović 2009, p. 179.
- ^ Nègre 1990, p. 155.
- ^ a b Kruta 2000, p. 776.
- ^ a b Lafond & Olshausen 2006.
- ^ Talbert 2000, Map 14: Caesarodunum-Burdigala.
Bibliography
- ISBN 9782877723695.
- Falileyev, Alexander (2010). Dictionary of Continental Celtic Place-names: A Celtic Companion to the Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World. CMCS. ISBN 978-0955718236.
- ISBN 2-221-05690-6.
- Lafond, Yves; Olshausen, Eckart (2006). "Petrocorii". Brill's New Pauly. .
- ISBN 978-2-87772-089-2.
- ISBN 9789004173361.
- ISBN 978-2-600-02883-7.
- ISBN 978-0691031699.
