Pforzheim
This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2021) |
Pforzheim | |
---|---|
Stadtteile | |
Government | |
• Lord mayor (2017–25) | Peter Boch[1] (CDU) |
Area | |
• Total | 98.03 km2 (37.85 sq mi) |
Elevation | 273 m (896 ft) |
Population (2021-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 125,529 |
• Density | 1,300/km2 (3,300/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 75172–75181 |
Dialling codes | 07231, 07234, 07041 |
Vehicle registration | PF |
Website | www.pforzheim.de |
Pforzheim (German pronunciation: [ˈpfɔʁtshaɪm] ⓘ) is a city of over 125,000 inhabitants in the federal state of Baden-Württemberg, in the southwest of Germany.
It is known for its jewelry and watch-making industry, and as such has gained the nickname "Goldstadt" ("Golden City"). With an area of 97.8 square kilometres (37.8 sq mi), it is situated about halfway between the cities of Stuttgart and Karlsruhe at the confluence of three rivers (Enz, Nagold and Würm). It marks the frontier between Baden and Württemberg, being located on Baden territory. From 1535 to 1565, it was the home to the Margraves of Baden-Durlach.[3]
The City of Pforzheim is a
During World War II, Pforzheim was bombed by the Allies a number of times. The largest raid, and one of the most devastating area bombardments of World War II, was carried out by the Royal Air Force (RAF) on the evening of 23 February 1945. Nearly one third of the town's population, 17,600 people, were killed in the air raid, and about 83% of the town's buildings were destroyed. The Allies believed that precision instruments were being produced here for use in the German war effort and that the town was a transport centre for the movement of German troops.
From 1945 to 1948, Pforzheim (after the initial French occupation) was
Geography
Pforzheim is located at the northern rim of the eastern part of the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) and the rim of the hilly country of the Kraichgau, in an open valley at the confluences of the rivers Würm and Nagold, as well as the rivers Nagold and Enz. Due to its location, this city is also called the "three-valleys town" (Drei-Täler Stadt) or the "Gateway to the Black Forest" (Pforte zum Schwarzwald / Porta Hercynia).
Pforzheim and its surrounding area belongs to the "Densely Populated Area Karlsruhe/Pforzheim". Pforzheim has the functions of a regional center (Mittelzentrum) for the towns and municipalities Birkenfeld (Enz), Eisingen, Engelsbrand, Friolzheim, Heimsheim, Ispringen, Kämpfelbach, Keltern, Kieselbronn, Königsbach-Stein, Mönsheim, Neuenbürg, Neuhausen, Neulingen, Niefern-Öschelbronn, Ölbronn-Dürrn, Remchingen, Straubenhardt, Tiefenbronn, Wiernsheim, Wimsheim and Wurmberg.
Neighbouring communities
The following towns and communities share borderlines with the City of Pforzheim. Below they are mentioned in clockwise order, beginning to the north of the city. Except for Unterreichenbach, which belongs to the district of
City wards
The city of Pforzheim consists of 16 city wards. The communities Büchenbronn,
- City center (Innenstadt)
- Northern ward (Nordstadt)
- Eastern ward (Oststadt)
- Southeastern ward (Südoststadt)
- Southwestern ward (Südweststadt)
- Western ward (Weststadt)
- Arlinger
- Brötzingen
- Buckenberg and Hagenschieß; including Altgefäll, Haidach and Wald-Siedlung
- Büchenbronn including Sonnenberg
- Sonnenhof
- Dillweißenstein
- Eutingen an der Enz including Mäuerach
- Hohenwart
- Huchenfeld
- Würm
Climate
Climate data for Karlsruhe (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 17.5 (63.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
26.7 (80.1) |
30.4 (86.7) |
33.3 (91.9) |
37.3 (99.1) |
39.2 (102.6) |
40.2 (104.4) |
33.2 (91.8) |
29.5 (85.1) |
22.0 (71.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
40.2 (104.4) |
Mean maximum °C (°F) | 13.2 (55.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
20.3 (68.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
35.2 (95.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
28.7 (83.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
36.5 (97.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
7.3 (45.1) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.1 (62.8) |
21.0 (69.8) |
24.7 (76.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
26.8 (80.2) |
21.8 (71.2) |
16.0 (60.8) |
9.5 (49.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
16.2 (61.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.5 (36.5) |
3.5 (38.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.3 (59.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.3 (43.3) |
3.3 (37.9) |
11.4 (52.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
-0.0 (32.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.1 (44.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
0.6 (33.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Mean minimum °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
2.8 (37.0) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
9.3 (48.7) |
5.0 (41.0) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−11.3 (11.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −20.0 (−4.0) |
−15.9 (3.4) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
6.3 (43.3) |
1.4 (34.5) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 57.0 (2.24) |
52.6 (2.07) |
52.4 (2.06) |
45.2 (1.78) |
75.7 (2.98) |
70.2 (2.76) |
77.2 (3.04) |
62.0 (2.44) |
54.8 (2.16) |
66.5 (2.62) |
64.4 (2.54) |
72.0 (2.83) |
750 (29.52) |
Average snowy days (≥ 1.0 cm) | 5.0 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.5 | 3.1 | 13.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83.4 | 78.9 | 73.6 | 67.8 | 69.0 | 68.1 | 68.0 | 69.3 | 76.6 | 83.2 | 86.9 | 86.2 | 75.9 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 57.4 | 85.1 | 143.7 | 196.8 | 223.7 | 239.7 | 257.0 | 239.9 | 180.8 | 111.8 | 60.9 | 43.0 | 1,832.2 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[5] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Data derived from Deutscher Wetterdienst[6] |
Climate data for Pforzheim | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
5 (41) |
9.4 (48.9) |
13.9 (57.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
20 (68) |
14.3 (57.7) |
7.8 (46.0) |
4 (39) |
13.7 (56.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4 (39) |
8 (46) |
11.3 (52.3) |
13 (55) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
5.1 (41.1) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 53 (2.1) |
49 (1.9) |
50 (2.0) |
60 (2.4) |
81 (3.2) |
94 (3.7) |
74 (2.9) |
78 (3.1) |
57 (2.2) |
54 (2.1) |
60 (2.4) |
60 (2.4) |
770 (30.4) |
Average snowfall cm (inches) | 7.4 (2.9) |
4.5 (1.8) |
2.2 (0.9) |
0.7 (0.3) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.4 (0.2) |
1.5 (0.6) |
5.7 (2.2) |
22.4 (8.9) |
Average rainy days | 11.9 | 9.7 | 13.2 | 12.8 | 18.3 | 16.6 | 15.7 | 14.8 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 10.9 | 14.3 | 160.4 |
Average snowy days | 8.8 | 7.3 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 28.5 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 58.9 | 87.6 | 133.3 | 171 | 217 | 228 | 254.2 | 232.5 | 183 | 127.1 | 72 | 55.8 | 1,820.4 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 1.9 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 7 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 7.5 | 6.1 | 4.1 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 5.0 |
Mean daily daylight hours | 8.8 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 13.7 | 15.3 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 14.3 | 12.6 | 10.8 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 12.2 |
Source: Weather2visit,[7] Weather Atlas[8] |
History
This section is in prose. is available. (February 2020) |
It was settled by the
Since 90: A settlement was established by Roman citizens at the Enz River near the modern Altstädter Brücke (old town bridge). Archeological surveys have unearthed several artifacts of that period which are kept and displayed in the Kappelhof Museum. The settlement was located where the Roman military road connecting the military camp
This place was known as Portus (meaning "river crossing, harbor"), which is believed to be the origin of the first part of the city's name "Pforzheim". A Roman milestone (the so-called 'Leugenstein') from the year 245 was excavated in modern times at present-day Friolzheim; it is marked with the exact distance to 'Portus' and is the first documented evidence of the settlement.[9][10]
259/260: The Roman settlement 'Portus' was destroyed completely, as the
6th/7th century: Graves from this period indicate that the settlement had been continued.[11]: 41
1067: The settlement was mentioned as "Phorzheim" for the first time, in a document by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. Visits to Pforzheim by Heinrich IV in 1067 and 1074 are documented.[11]: 41
Before 1080: The "old town" of Pforzheim was awarded
From 1150: Establishment of the "new town" west of the "old town" at the foot of the Schlossberg (palais hill) under Margrave
1200: The town charter of the "new town" was mentioned for the first time in a document. The "old town" continued to exist as a legally independent entity.[9]
1220: The
1240: A mayor of Pforzheim was mentioned in a document for the first time.[9]
13th/14th century: Pforzheim enjoyed its first period of flourishing. A group of influential patricians emerged. They developed the financial markets of those days. The town drew its income from the wood trade, timber rafting, the tannery trade, textile manufacturing, and other crafts. Documents mention mayor, judge, council and citizens.
The town walls surrounding the new town were completed about 1290. During this era, three
The Margraves of Baden considered Pforzheim as their most important power base up to the first half of the 14th century. Under Margrave Bernard I (Bernhard I), Pforzheim became one of the administrative centers of the margraviate.[11]: 39–76 [12]
1322: Holy Ghost Hospital was founded at Tränk Street (present-day Deimling Street).[13]
15th century
Various
8–9 August 1418:
1447: The wedding of
1455:
1460: Margrave Charles I established a kind of monastery (Kollegialstift) at the site of Schlosskirche St. Michael, turning the church into a collegiate church. There were also plans to establish a university in Pforzheim, but this plan had to be abandoned because Margrave Charles I lost the Battle of Seckenheim.[11]: 107–150 [14]
1463: Margrave Charles I was forced to transfer the palace and the town of Pforzheim as a
1486: The Weavers Ordinance (Wollweberordnung) for the towns Pforzheim und
1491: A contract between
1496: Foundation of the first printer's shop by Thomas Anshelm. During the first half of the 16th century Pforzheim's printers contributed significantly to the establishment of this (in those days) new medium.[9]
16th century
1501:
1501 was also the year for which an outbreak of the plague (probably the
1520s: The ideas of the
1535–1565: Due to the heritage division of the clan of the Margraves of Baden, Margrave Ernst of Baden made Pforzheim the residential town of his family line. He decided to use the Schlosskirche St. Michael as the entombment site for his family line.[9]
1549: A large fire caused severe damage to the town.
1556: After the conclusion of the
1565: Margrave Karl II chose Durlach as the new residential town. Pforzheim stayed one of the administrative centers of Baden.[9]
17th century
1618: At the beginning of the Thirty Years' War, the number of inhabitants of Pforzheim is estimated to have been between 2500 and 3000. This was the largest town among all towns in Baden, even though at that time it had already declined somewhat.
1645: Toward the end of the Thirty Years' War the "old town" was burned down by
1688–1697: The "
Pforzheim was occupied by French troops on 10 October 1688. Commanding officer is said to have been Joseph de Montclar. The town was forced to accommodate a large number of soldiers and had to pay a large amount of "contributions" to the French. When the army unit was about to depart early in the morning of 21 January 1689 (obviously because an army of the Holy Roman Empire had been approaching), they set many major buildings on fire, including the palais, the city hall, and vicarages. About 70 houses (i.e. one quarter of all houses) and part of the town's fortifications were reportedly destroyed.
Between 2 and 4 August, the French army under the general command of
During the following two years, French troops stayed away from Pforzheim, but the economic situation of the town was miserable. In addition to this, the reconstruction of the town and the repairs of the fortifications under the supervision of Johann Matthaeus Faulhaber, the chief construction officer of the Margraviate Baden, required a lot of efforts. The accommodation of an imperial garrison under the command of (then) colonel Count
In 1691,
On 20 September 1692, again crossed the Rhine river under the general command of
When the French troops left after about one week of occupation, they again looted Pforzheim and put it on fire. This time, all houses which had survived the two previous fires, were destroyed. In the Au suburb, only three houses survived. The Au bridge was heavily damaged. Only four houses survived in the Broetzingen suburb. The town church of St. Stephen and a large part of the Dominican monastery complex were also destroyed. The Castle Church (Schlosskirche) of St. Michael was heavily damaged, and the family tombs of the Margraves of Baden in the church were desecrated by the soldiers. The last remaining church bell and the churches' clockworks were stolen as well. The town wall was damaged again, including the town gates. After the week-long presence of 30,000 soldiers in a town of only a few thousand citizens, all food was gone, including the seeds saved for next spring's sowing season. Every tree and grapevine on the valley slopes had been used up as firewood. The French army reached their camp in Philippsburg on 5 October 1692.[15]: 81–116
18th century
1718: Inauguration of the "institution for orphans, the mad, the sick, for discipline and work" in a building of the former
1715–1730: During this period, there was a prolonged dispute between Pforzheim's citizens and the Margrave of Baden concerning the privileges granted to the town in 1491, which the Margrave considered obsolete and therefore demanded significantly higher tax payments from Pforzheim citizens. The issue was taken all the way to the
1767: Establishment of a watch and jewellery factory in the orphanage. This led to Pforzheim's jewellery industries. Watchmaking was given up later on.[9]
19th century
1805–06: A typhus epidemic in Pforzheim caused many deaths, disrupting the town's economy.[9]
1809: The Administrative District Pforzheim of Baden was split into a Municipal District Administration Pforzheim and two Rural Districts.
1813: The two Rural Districts were combined to form the Rural District Administration Pforzheim.
1819: Municipal District Pforzheim and Rural District Pforzheim are merged to form the Higher District Administration Pforzheim.
1836:
1861–62: Pforzheim was connected to the
1863: The railway section between Pforzheim and Mühlacker was completed, thus establishing railway traffic between the capital of Baden, Karlsruhe, and the capital of Württemberg, Stuttgart.[9]
1864: The Higher District Administration Pforzheim was made the Regional Administration Pforzheim.
1868: The
1869: Establishment of the first workers' union in Pforzheim, the "Pforzheim Gold(-metal) Craftsmen's Union".[9]
1874: The section of the Nagold Valley Railway between Pforzheim and Calw was completed.[9]
1877: Inauguration of the Arts and Crafts School (Kunstgewerbeschule; now incorporated into Hochschule (University) Pforzheim).[9]
1888:
1893: Inauguration of the Pforzheim Synagogue.[9]
The company Wellendorff, a family-owned jewellery producing until now, is founded by Ernst Alexander Wellendorff. The enterprise sells many kinds of jewelry at the highest level worldwide.[16]
20th century
From 1900: Revival of the Pforzheim watchmaking industry.[9]
1905: The western borough Brötzingen was incorporated into the administration Pforzheim.
1906: The 1. FC Pforzheim football club was defeated by VfB Leipzig with a score of 1–2 in the final game of the German football championship.[9]
1907: Julius Epple founded Aristo, the watch brand, benefitting from the bull market for wristwatches in the 1920s.[17]
1914–1918: Pforzheim was not a battlefield in World War I, but 1600 men from Pforzheim lost their lives as soldiers on the battlefields.[18]
1920s: The Pforzheim watchmaking industry thrived due to the new popularity of wrist-watches.[9]
1927: Stowa, another well-known German watch brand from Pforzheim, was founded by Walter Storz in Hornberg, moving the business to Pforzheim in 1935. Walter's son, Werner, eventually takes over the business.[17]
From 1933: Along with the installation of the
1938: Establishment of the municipal Jewellery Museum.
1938: On 9 November, the so-called Kristallnacht, the Pforzheim Synagogue (see WWW-site) of the Jewish community was so badly damaged by Nazi activists that it had to be demolished later on.
1939: Regional Administration Pforzheim (Bezirksamt) was converted to the Rural District Pforzheim (Landkreis) with Pforzheim city as its administrative site. However, the town itself became a district-less administrative body.
1940:
World War II
In 1944, many factories were converted to produce weaponry such as anti-aircraft shells, fuses for bombs, and allegedly even parts for the V-1 and V-2 rockets.
On the evening of 23 February 1945, Pforzheim was bombed in one of the most devastating area bombardments of World War II. Carried out by the Royal Air Force,[9] the air raid killed about one quarter of the town's population, over 17,000 people,[14] and destroyed about 83% of the town's buildings.[19] The mission order to bomb Pforzheim issued by RAF Bomber Command states as the intention of the raid on Pforzheim "to destroy built up area and associated industries and rail facilities".[14] The bombardment was carried out as part of the British carpet bombing campaign. The town was put on the target list for bombardments in November 1944 because it was thought by the Allies to be producing precision instruments for use in the German war effort and as transport centre for the movement of German troops.[a]
There were also several minor raids in 1944 and 1945.[20]
After the main attack, about 30,000 people had to be fed by makeshift public kitchens because their housing had been destroyed.
The inner-city districts were severely depopulated. According to the State Statistics Bureau (Statistisches Landesamt), in the Market Square area (Marktplatzviertel) in 1939 there were 4,112 registered inhabitants, in 1945 none (0). In the Old Town area (Altstadtviertel) in 1939 there were 5,109 inhabitants, in 1945 only three persons were still living there. In the Leopold Square area, in 1939 there were 4,416 inhabitants, in 1945 only 13.[b]
The German Army Report of 24 February 1945 devoted only two lines to reporting the bombardment: "In the early evening hours of February 23, a forceful British attack was directed at Pforzheim." RAF Bomber Command later assessed the bombing raid as the one with "probably the greatest proportion (of destroyed built-up area) (of any target) in one raid during the war".[23]
In early April, as the
The three months of French occupation were reportedly marked by hostile attitudes on both the French army side and the Pforzheim population's side; incidents of rape and looting, mainly by Moroccan soldiers, were also reported.[citation needed] Au Bridge (Auerbruecke) and Wuerm Bridge received makeshift repairs by the French military. The US Army, which replaced the French troops on 8 July 1945, helped repair Goethe Bridge, Benckiser Bridge, Old Town Bridge (Altstädterbrücke) and Horse Bridge (Roßbrücke) in 1945 and the following year. The relationship between the population and the US military was reportedly more relaxed than had been the case with the French army.[25]
Post-World War II
1945–1965: Pforzheim was gradually rebuilt, giving Pforzheim a quite modern look. In September 1951 the Northern Town Bridge (Nordstadtbrücke) was inaugurated (the ceremony was attended by then Federal President Prof. Dr. Theodor Heuss). Jahn Bridge followed in December 1951, Werder Bridge in May 1952, the rebuilt Goethe Bridge in October 1952, and the rebuilt Old Town Bridge was inaugurated in 1954.
1955: On the occasion of the 500th birthday anniversary of
1961: Inauguration of the culture center "Reuchlinhaus", which from then on housed the Jewellery Museum, the Arts and Crafts Association, the City Library, the Homeland Museum (Heimatmuseum), and the City Archives.[9]
1968: On 10 July shortly before 22:00, Pforzheim and its surrounding areas were hit by a rare
1971–1975: The townships of Würm, Hohenwart, Buechenbronn, Huchenfeld and Eutingen were incorporated into the city administration.[9]
1973: Inauguration of the new Pforzheim City Hall.[9]
1973 As part of the reform of administrative districts, the rural district of Pforzheim was incorporated into the newly established
1975 On 1 January, the population exceeded 100.000 and Pforzheim gained the status of a "large city" (Grossstadt).
1979: Inauguration of the Pforzheim City Museum.[9]
1983: Inauguration of the "Technical Museum of the Jewellery and Watchmaking Industry" and the "Citizens Museum".[9]
1987: Inauguration of the City Convention Center.[9]
1987/1990: Inauguration of the City Theater at the Waisenhausplatz.[9]
1989: Sister City agreement with the City of
1990: Sister City agreement with the City of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France.[9]
1991: Sister City agreement with the City of Vicenza, Italy.[9]
1992: State Gardening Expo in Pforzheim. Enzauenpark was created and part of the Enz river was re-naturalized.[9]
1994: Inauguration of the cultural institution "Kulturhaus Osterfeld".[9]
1994: Merger of the Pforzheim Business School and the Pforzheim School of Design to form the Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences in Design, Technology and Business.[9]
1995: Inauguration of the Archeological Site Kappelhof.
21st century
2000: Inauguration of the Pforzheim Gallery.[9]
2002: In November, during excavation works for a new shopping center in the center of the city, a power shovel hit a 250 kg (551 lb) bomb that had not detonated during the bombardment of 1945. On a Sunday, about 5000 citizens temporarily left their homes as a precaution while specialists defused and disposed of the latest of a large number of unexploded bombs found in Pforzheim's grounds since 1945.
2006: The Timex Group introduced a line of high-end watches engineered in Pforzheim over a five-year period, to six sigma standards.[27] The technology used miniaturization with digital sensors and microprocessors driving independent motors and dial hands — to enable a range of specialized complications atypical to non-digital, analog watches[28] — an array of functions that would either be impossible or highly impractical in a mechanical movement.[29]
Demographics
Administrative unions
Formerly independent communities and districts which were incorporated into the City of Pforzheim.
Date incorporated | Community | Increase in km2 | Increase in sq mi |
---|---|---|---|
1 January 1905 | Brötzingen | 13.01 | 5.02 |
1 January 1913 | Dillweißenstein | 4.612 | 1.781 |
1 April 1924 | Parts of Haidach district | 0.76 | 0.29 |
1 October 1929 | Parts of Hagenschieß district | 16.23 | 6.27 |
1 September 1971 | Würm | 8.22 | 3.17 |
1 April 1972 | Hohenwart | 4.92 | 1.90 |
1 January 1974 | Büchenbronn | 11.14 | 4.30 |
1 January 1975 | Huchenfeld | 9.47 | 3.66 |
20 September 1975 | Eutingen an der Enz | 8.45 | 3.26 |
Population
The table below shows the number of inhabitants for the past 500 years. Until 1789 the numbers represent estimates, after that they represent census results or official recordings by the Statistics Offices or the city administration.
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
|
|
The population growth diagram show that the largest growth rates were recorded between about 1830 and 1925, which was the period following the political reorganisation of Europe agreed upon at the
Immigration
The table below lists the largest immigrant groups of Pforzheim as of 31 December 2018[update].
Turkey | 4,952 |
Romania | 4,129 |
Italy | 3,939 |
Iraq | 3,653 |
Croatia | 2,173 |
Hungary | 1,735 |
Poland | 1,392 |
Syria | 1,062 |
Portugal | 993 |
Bulgaria | 895 |
Kosovo | 845 |
Serbia | 754 |
Russia | 710 |
Greece | 691 |
Slovakia | 397 |
Spain | 332 |
North Macedonia | 322 |
Ukraine | 278 |
France | 242 |
Vietnam | 212 |
Religions
After margrave
Since the 19th century at the latest
Other denominations and religious sects in Pforzheim are:
- Israelite Congregation
- Islamic Congregation
- Adventist Congregation
- Jehovah's Witnesses
- Baptist Church
- Salvation Army
- Methodist Church
- Church of Christ, Scientist
Politics
City council
The city council of Pforzheim consists of the Oberbürgermeister (mayor) as its president and 40 elected (part-time) councillors. It is democratically elected by the citizens for a period of five years. The last election was on 26 May 2019. The city council is the main representative body of the city and determines the goals and frameworks for all local political activities. It makes decisions about all important issues regarding the public life and administration of the city and directs and monitors the work of the city administration. It forms expert committees in order to deal with specialized issues.
Lord mayors
At an early stage, the town administration was led by the
Start | End | Year(s) | Mayor |
---|---|---|---|
1750 | 1758 | 7–8 | Ernst Matthaeus Kummer |
1758 | 1770 | 11–12 | W.C. Steinhaeuser |
1770 | 1775 | 4–5 | Weiss |
1775 | 1783 | 7–8 | Kissling |
1783 | 1795 | 11–12 | Guenzel |
1795 | 1798 | 2–3 | Geiger |
1798 | 1815 | 16–17 | Jakob Friedrich Dreher |
1815 | 1830 | 14–15 | Christoph Friedrich Krenkel |
1830 | 1837 | 6–7 | Wilhelm Lenz |
1837 | 1848 | 10–11 | Rudolf Deimling |
1848 | 1849 | 0–1 | Christian Crecelius |
1849 | 1862 | 12–13 | Karl Zirenner |
1862 | 1875 | 12–13 | Kaspar Schmidt
|
1875 | 1884 | 8–9 | Karl Gross |
1885 | 1889 | 3–4 | Emil Kraatz |
1889 | 1919 | 29–30 | Ferdinand Habermehl |
1920 | 1933 | 12–13 | Erwin Guendert |
1933 | 1933 | 0 | Dr. Emil Goelser |
1933 | 1933 | 0 | Dr. Hans Gottlob |
1933 | 1941 | 7–8 | Hermann Kuerz |
1941 | 1942 | 0–1 | Karl Mohrenstein |
1942 | 1945 | 2–3 | Ludwig Seibel |
1945 | 1945 | 0 | Albert Hermann |
1945 | 1945 | 0 | Wilhelm Becker
|
1945 | 1947 | 1–2 | Friedrich Adolf Katz |
1947 | 1966 | 18–19 | Dr. FDP/DVP
|
1966 | 1985 | 18–19 | Dr. Willi Weigelt, SPD |
1985 | 2001 | 15–16 | Dr. Joachim Becker, SPD |
2001 | 2009 | 7–8 | FDP/DVP
|
2009 | 2017 | 7–8 | Gert Hager, SPD |
2017 | present | 6–7 | Peter Boch, CDU |
The coat of arms
The coat of arms of Pforzheim city shows in the left-hand half of a shield an inclined bar in red color on a golden background, and the right-hand half is divided into four fields in the colors red, silver, blue and gold. The city flag is white-blue.
The inclined bar can be traced back to the 13th century as the symbol of the lords (owners) of Pforzheim, which later on also became the National Coat of Arms of Baden, but its meaning is unknown. Since 1489 the coat of arms in its entire form can be verified, but its meaning is not known, either. Current coloring has been used only since 1853; in earlier times the coloring was different.[11]: 221–238
Economy and infrastructure
Pforzheim is one of the regional centers (Oberzentrum) in Baden-Württemberg and has one of the highest densities of industrial activity in the state.
Pforzheim is historically an important jewelry and watch-making centre in Germany. Due to this reason, Pforzheim is nicknamed as Golden City. Jewelry and watch-making industry is first set up by
However, a smaller fraction of the economy nowadays is dedicated to producing the traditional products of
Transport
Pforzheim is located on the
Local bus service in Pforzheim is currently franchised to
All regional trains, tram-trains and buses within Pforzheim and the surrounding Enzkreis are marketed under the brand of the Verkehrsverbund Pforzheim-Enzkreis (VPE), offering mutually integrated fares.
Between 1900 and 1968 a
The
Major local enterprises
- Wellendorff Gold-Creationen GmbH & Co. KG, worldwide selling, family-owned jewellery since 1893
- Fabergé
- Amazon, logistics centre
- Durowe, watch movement manufacturer
- Schmid Machine Tools
- Klingel Mail Order Company
- Bader Mail Order Company
- Wenz Mail Order Company
- Witzenmann GmbH (Specialized Metal Goods)
- Mapal WWS
- Thales (Electronics)
- Allgemeine Gold- und Silberscheideanstalt (metal processing)
- Sparkasse Pforzheim Calw (Local financial services company)
- Bernhard Forster GmbH (Forestadent) (Orthodontic Products Manufacturer)
Media
The daily newspapers Pforzheimer Zeitung (independent) and the Pforzheimer Kurier, which is a regional edition of Badische Neueste Nachrichten (BNN) with main editorial offices in Karlsruhe, are published in Pforzheim.
Courts of Justice
Pforzheim is the site of a Local Court of Justice, which belongs to the District Court and Higher District Court Precinct of Karlsruhe. It is also the domicile of a local labor court.
Authorities
Pforzheim is the domicile of the following public authorities and public incorporated bodies:
- Pforzheim Employment Exchange (a federal government agency; Arbeitsagentur Pforzheim).
- Pforzheim Internal Revenue Agency (a state agency; Finanzamt Pforzheim)
- Northern Black Forest Chamber of Commerce (a public incorporated body; IHK Nordschwarzwald). The precinct of the chamber is the Northern Black Forest Region.
- Northern Black Forest Regional Association (a public incorporated body; Regionalverband Nordschwarzwald).
Educational institutions
- Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Pforzheim – Hochschule fuer Gestaltung, Technik und Wirtschaft) enrolls about 5400 students. It was formed in 1992 by way of merging the former Pforzheim School of Design (Fachhochschule für Gestaltung) and Pforzheim Business School (Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft) and additionally establishing the Faculty of Engineering. The Pforzheim School of Design had its roots in the Ducal Academy of Arts and Crafts and Technical School for the Metal Processing Industry, established 1877. The Pforzheim Business School was the successor institution of the National Business College, which was established in 1963. The campuses of the Faculty of Design and the Faculties of Economics and Engineering are located at separate sites in the city area. The Pforzheim University of Applied Sciences fosters international exchange. Among other relationships, it is affiliated with the NIEBES Association and has close academic ties to Osijek University of Croatia and academic exchange programs with many institutions abroad, among them Auburn University, the University of Wyoming, Brigham Young University and the Illinois Institute of Technology, in Chicago, of the United States of America.
- The Goldsmith and Watchmaking Vocational School is one of the two schools of its kind in Europe. It is attended by many students from abroad.
- The general qualification for university admission (Abitur) can be obtained through an education at the Reuchlin-Highschool, the Kepler-Highschool, the Hebel-Highschool, the Theodor-Heuss-Highschool, the Hilda-Highschool, the Schiller-Highschool, the Fritz-Erler-Highschool (economics-oriented high school), the Heinrich-Wieland-Highschool (technology-oriented high school), the Johanna-Wittum-Highschool (home economics-oriented high school), as well as the Waldorfschule.
- Pforzheim also has many schools providing the mandatory general elementary and secondary education (Grundschule, Realschule) as well an institution which is dedicated to further education of grown-ups (Volkshochschule). There are also several state-run vocational schools leading to professional diplomas in the crafts and trades.[9]
Culture and places of interest
This section is in prose. is available. (February 2020) |
Theatre
- Municipal Theatre of Pforzheim (opera, operetta, dance, musical, drama)
Orchestras
- Pforzheim Chamber Orchestra – This orchestra was founded by Friedrich Tilegant in 1950. It participated in the world premiere of a work of Boris Blacher and has a good reputation beyond the region.
- Symphony Orchestra of the City of Pforzheim
Museums
- Archeological Site Kappelhof – Roman and medieval excavation objects
- Civic Museum Eutingen
- Museum on the German Democratic Republic (former east Germany)
- The Center of Fellow-Countrymen Associations (Landsmannschaften; especially those from eastern Europe)
- The Pforzheim Minerals Museum
- The Pforzheim Gallery (paintings)
- Reuchlinhaus
- The Pforzheim Jewellery Museum in the Reuchlinhaus
- The Pforzheim City Museum Pforzheim (on city history)
- The Technical Museum of the Jewellery and Watchmaking Industry of Pforzheim
- Weissenstein Station – On Railway History in the area of Pforzheim
- Roman Estate in the Kanzlerwald (the excavated remains of an estate built by Roman settlers)
- The Product Exhibition of Pforzheim (jewellery) Companies (Industriehaus)
- The Exhibition of Precious Stones by Widow Mrs. Schuett
Cultural institutions
- The House of Culture Osterfeld (a sociocultural center: theater, music, dance, cabaret, musical, arts, exhibitions etc.)
- Kupferdaechle (The Copper Roof Teenage Culture Center)
- The Puppet Theater of Raphael Muerle / The Marionette Stage Mottenkaefig
- The Communal Cinema of Pforzheim
- CongressCenter Pforzheim (CCP)
- City Library
Notable examples of architecture
Pre-war
- The Archive Building (Archivbau)
- The House of Industry (Industriehaus)
- The Arch Bridge at Dillweißenstein
- The ruins of Liebeneck Castle
- District office tower (Bezirksamtsturm)
- Leitgastturm
- Seehaus (formerly a hunting villa of the Margrave; now a popular destination for Sunday afternoon walks away from the city)
- The Old Grapes Press of Brötzingen
- Hachel Tower
- The Copper Hammer (Kupferhammer; a traditional water-powered sledge hammer which was used for metal forming)
Post-war
- The Main Railway Station
- The former main post office and Brötzingen post office
- Reuchlinhaus
- Goldener Adler Building at Leopoldplatz
- former Public Health Authority building (Gesundheitsamt) at Blumenhof
- District Court Building
- The Old and New City Hall
- Stadtbau Building (Architect: Luigi Snozzi)
- Sparkasse Tower
- Churches:
- The Palais and Monastery Church St. Michael (Schloss- und Stiftskirche); it is the city's landmark.
- The Old Town Church St. Martin (Altstadtkirche; Protestant)
- Resurrection Church (Auferstehungskirche; Protestant)
- The Bare Feet Church (Barfüsserkirche; Catholic)
- Christ Church of Brötzingen (Protestant)
- The Protestant City Church (Stadtkirche)
- Sacred Heart Church (Herz-Jesu-Kirche; Catholic)
- St. Matthew Church (Matthäuskirche; Protestant). This church was designed by architect Eiermann and is a precursory structure of the famous New Berlin Memorial Church (Gedächtniskirche)
- St. Francis Church (Catholic)
- Other Temples
- The Islamic Mosque
- The notable New Synagogue (1890) was lost on Kristallnacht[31]
Other sites of interest
- The Alpengarten Pforzheim, closed since 2006
- The Main Cemetery (Hauptfriedhof)
- Wallberg. The debris from the destroyed town (23 February 1945) was dumped onto this hill. The Wallberg-Monument on the top is meant to remind people of the city's history; it was erected in 2005 on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the bombing raid.
- The Game Animals Zoo (Wildpark Pforzheim)
- Brötzingen Valley Stadium. This is the classical VfB Leipzig 1–2 in Nuremberg.
- The Weststadtpark in the borough Maihälden, an extensive park area
Twin towns and sister cities
Pforzheim is twinned with:[32]
- Gernika-Lumo, Spain (1989)
- Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France (1989)
- Vicenza, Italy (1991)
- Irkutsk, Russia (2007)
- Nevşehir, Turkey (2007)
- Częstochowa, Poland (2007)
- Győr-Moson-Sopron, Hungary (2007)
- Osijek, Croatia (2008)
Notable people
- Johannes Reuchlin(1455–1522), humanist and philosopher
- Nikolaus Gerbel (1485–1560), humanist and jurist
- Philipp Jakob Becker (1763–?), painter
- Christopher Bechtler (1782–1843), gold smith and mechanician
- Karl Heinrich Baumgaertner(1798–1886), pathologist
- Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Roller (1802–1878), psychiatrist
- Bertha Benz (1849–1944), wife of Karl Benz
- Victor Mayer (1857–1946), entrepreneur
- Guillermo Kahlo (1871–1941), father of Frida Kahlo
- Heinrich Otto Wieland (1877–1957), chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- Erich Rothacker (1888–1965), philosopher and sociologist
- Fritz Todt (1891–1942), engineer and head of Organisation Todt
- Julius Moser (1882–1970), entrepreneur
- Erich Rothacker (1888–1965), philosopher and sociologist
- Robert Faas (1889–1914), footballer
- Emil Georg Bührle (1890–1956), Swiss industrialist
- Marius Hiller (1892–1964), footballer
- Hans Ferdinand Mayer (1895–1980), physicist and electrical engineer
- Hellmut Maneval (1898–1967), footballer
- Karl Abt (1899–1985), painter
- Adolf Rosenberger (1900–1967), race car driver and merchant
- Theodor Burkhardt (1905–1958), footballer
- Fritz Dietrich (1905–1945), musicologist and composer
- Hans Henninger (1905–1937), stage and film actor
- Leah Horowitz (1933–1956), Israeli hurdler
- Laura Perls (1905–1990), psychoanalyst
- Herbert Witzenmann (1905–1988), writer and researcher
- Wolfgang Preisendanz (1920–2007), Germanist and literary scholar
- Fritz Rau (1930–2013), concert manager
- Werner Tochtermann (1934–2021), chemist and university lecturer
- Manfred Mohr (born 1938), artist, pioneer of the digital art
- Jochen Hasenmayer (born 1941), cave diver
- Wolfgang Heinz (born 1942), criminologist and legal scientist
- BerlinaleFilm Festival
- Peter Bofinger (born 1954), economist and a former member of the German Council of Economic Experts
- Tomas Maier (born 1957), fashion designer
- Jürgen Elsässer (born 1957), journalist and political activist
- Stefan Mappus (born 1966), economist and politician (CDU)
- Oliver Forster (born 1968), sports commentator and moderator
- Jan Kopp (born 1971), composer, musicologist and publicist
- Florian Ross (born 1972), composer, jazz pianist and bandleader
- Philipp Mohr (born 1972), German-American architect and designer
- Marcello Craca (born 1974), German-Italian tennis player
- pornographic actor; birth name "Philipp Tanzer"
- Nicola Thost (born 1977), snowboarder and Olympic champion
- Jeff S. Klotz (born 1990), Author, publisher, museum director and entrepreneur
- Vincenzo Grifo (born 1993), footballer
- Robin Hack (born 1998), footballer
Honorary citizens
- 1939 Alfons Kern, historian
- 1965 FDP/DVP), Member of State Parliament, Lord Mayor of Pforzheim
- 1985 Willi Weigelt, politician (SPD), Lord Mayor of Pforzheim
- 1991 Richard Ziegler, painter
- 1998 Rolf Schweizer, church music director
Miscellaneous topics
- The FreemasonsLodge "Reuchlin" is located in Pforzheim.
- rock band, has its origins in Pforzheim.
Gallery
-
Church of St. Michael
-
The New City Hall and Waisenhaus square
-
Enz river at Rossbrücke
-
Statue of Johannes Reuchlin
-
Monument commemorating the timber floating profession in medieval Pforzheim
-
Haidach planned suburb, Buckenberg estate, Enz valley
References
Citations
- ^ Oberbürgermeisterwahl Pforzheim 2017, Staatsanzeiger.
- Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. June 2022.
- ^ "Kleine Stadtchronik: Stadt Pforzheim". www.pforzheim.de (in German). City of Pforzheim. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ "Städte & Gemeinden". Landratsamt Enzkreis (in German). Enz district. Retrieved 20 August 2023.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.
- ^ "Wetter und Klima – Deutscher Wetterdienst – CDC (Climate Data Center)". www.dwd.de.
- ^ "Pforzheim monthly weather averages". weather 2 visit. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast for Pforzheim, Germany". Weather atlas. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at "Kurze Chronik der Stadt Pforzheim" [Brief chronicle of the city of Pforzheim]. Stadtarchivs Pforzheim (in German). Archived from the original on 15 May 2006.
- OCLC 722345996.
- ^ )
- ^ a b c Thomas Frei: Pforzheim im 16. Jahrhundert.[permanent dead link] Web page by LOEBLICHE SINGERGESELLSCHAFT VON 1501 PFORZHEIM, 2005; in German.
- ^ a b c Die Pest: Das grosse Sterben um 1500, Web page by LOEBLICHE SINGERGESELLSCHAFT VON 1501 PFORZHEIM, 2005; in German.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Groh, Christian (10 April 2005). "Pforzheim und Baden zur Zeit Johannes Reuchlin" [Pforzheim and Baden at the time of Johannes Reuchlin] (in German). Archived from the original on 27 October 2005.
- ^ OCLC 1069172633.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: „Ein zehnmal gespaltenes Haar in Gold“ (german, A ten times split hair in gold) (accessed last 19 February 2012)
- ^ a b "The Golden Age and Rebirth of Pforzheim Watchmaking." Montres Publiques, https://montrespubliques.com/new-1minute-reads/the-golden-age-and-rebirth-of-pforzheim-watchmaking
- ^ Frei, Thomas (26 June 2004). "Ein lokales Geschichtswerk" [A local history]. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 145. p. 26. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 December 2004.
- ^ From RAF website: Campaign Diary February 1945
- ^ a b Frei, Thomas (4 March 2005). "Beim Milchholen aus Flugzeugen beschossen" [Shot at while fetching milk from planes]. 23.Februar 1945. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 52. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2005.
- ^ ef-te (25 February 2005). "Feuerwehrleute tot – kaum Löschwasser" [Firefighters dead – hardly any fire water]. 23.Februar 1945. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 46. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2005.
- ^ VE (10 February 2005). "In der Fremde gestorben" [Died abroad]. 23.Februar 1945. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 33. p. 18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2005.
- ^ PM (23 February 2005). "Sofortmeldung nach dem Angriff" [Immediate report after the attack]. 23.Februar 1945. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 44. pp. 22–23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2005.
- ^ Frei, Thomas (31 March 2005). "Beherzte Bürger retten Weißensteiner Brücke" [Courageous citizens save Weißenstein bridge]. 23.Februar 1945. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 73. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2005.
- ^ a b Frei, Thomas (8 April 2005). "Zehn Tage um "tote Stadt" gekämpft" [Ten days fighting over "dead city"]. 23.Februar 1945. Pforzheimer Zeitung (in German). No. 80. p. 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 November 2005.
- ^ "Verheerender Tornado in Pforzheim am 10.07.1968". tornadoliste.de. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- ^ Paul Hubbard (7 April 2007). "Timex TX Watches". The Watch Report. Archived from the original on 17 May 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Timex: Start in ein neues Zeitalter". Goettgen.de.
- ^ Arial Adams (9 August 2009). "TX 400 Series Perpetual Weekly Calendar Ref. T3C301 Watch Review". ABTW.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Baden-Württemberg. Where ideas work. (17 June 2006). "Baden-Württemberg. Where ideas work. - Pforzheim, Goldstadt Deutschlands". Bw-invest.de. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ "Die Synagoge in Pforzheim (Stadtkreis Pforzheim)". Alemannia-judaica.de. Retrieved 6 May 2009.
- ^ "Partnerstädte". pforzheim.de (in German). Pforzheim. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
Notes
- USAF, this time focussing mainly on the suspected military target, not civilian estates.[20]
- ^ These figures are similar to Groh (2005), but must be from another source which is not recorded.
External links
- Official website
- Pforzheim as a destination - Presented in travel magazine
- Texts on Wikisource:
- "Pforzheim". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
- "Pforzheim". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
- "Pforzheim". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907.
- "New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- "The American Cyclopædia. 1879.