Phagolysosome

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In

hydrolytic enzymes—are discharged into the phagosome in an explosive manner and digest the particles that the phagosome had ingested. Some products of the digestion are useful materials and are moved into the cytoplasm; others are exported by exocytosis
.

The process of phagocytosis showing phagolysosome formation. Lysosome(shown in green) fuses with phagosome to form a phagolysosome.

Membrane fusion of the phagosome and lysosome is regulated by the Rab5 protein,[1] a G protein that allows the exchange of material between these two organelles but prevents complete fusion of their membranes.[1]

Function

Phagolysosomes function by reducing the pH of their internal environment, thus making them acidic. This serves as a defense mechanism against microbes and other harmful parasites and also provides a suitable medium for degradative enzyme activity.[2]

Microbes are destroyed within phagolysosomes by a combination of

oxidative and non-oxidative processes. The oxidative process, also known as respiratory burst includes the "non-mitochondrial" production of reactive oxygen species.[3]

By lowering pH and concentrations of sources of

fungi. An example is the inhibition of hyphae in Candida albicans.[4]

In human neutrophils, the phagolysosomes destroy pathogens also by producing hypochlorous acid.[5]

Pathogens that hijack phagolysosomes

glutamate, and proline, as well as for its synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins.[7]

Similarly, when in its

proteins in the host phagolysosome .[8]

References

  1. ^
    PMID 10984443
    .
  2. PMID 9916104
    .
  3. S2CID 33708929
    .
  4. S2CID 19668359
    .
  5. PMID 16643004
    .
  6. PMID 1452331
    .
  7. PMID 10858189
    .
  8. PMID 17606406
    .


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