Phar Lap
Phar Lap | |
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Rosehill Racecourse | |
Last updated on 29 April 2009[2] |
Phar Lap (4 October 1926 – 5 April 1932) was a New Zealand-born champion Australian
One of his greatest performances was winning the Agua Caliente Handicap in Mexico in track-record time in his final race.[6] He won in a different country, after a bad start many lengths behind the leaders, with no training before the race, and he split his hoof during the race.
After a sudden and mysterious illness, Phar Lap died in 1932 in
Name
The name Phar Lap derives from the common Zhuang and Thai word for lightning: ฟ้าแลบ [fáː lɛ̂p], literally 'sky flash'.[9]
Phar Lap was called "The Wonder Horse," "The Red Terror," and "Big Red" (the latter nickname was also given to two of the greatest United States racehorses,
According to the
Early life
A
Sydney trainer Harry Telford persuaded American businessman David J. Davis to buy the colt at auction, based on his pedigree. Telford's brother Hugh, who lived in New Zealand, was asked to bid up to 190
Although standing a winning racehorse at stud could be quite lucrative, Telford gelded Phar Lap anyway, hoping the colt would concentrate on racing.
Racing career
Phar Lap finished last in the first race and did not place in his next three races. He won his first race on 27 April 1929, the
As his achievements grew, there were some who tried to halt his progress. Criminals tried to shoot Phar Lap[10][18] on the morning of Saturday 1 November 1930 after he had finished track work. They missed, and later that day he won the Melbourne Stakes, and three days later the Melbourne Cup as odds-on favourite at 8 to 11.[19]
In the four years of his racing career, Phar Lap won 37 of 51 races he entered, including the
Phar Lap at the time was owned by American businessman David J. Davis and leased to Telford. After their three-year lease agreement ended, Telford had enough money to become joint owner of the horse. Davis then had Phar Lap shipped to North America to race. Telford did not agree with this decision and refused to go, so Davis, who along with his wife traveled to Mexico with him, brought Phar Lap's strapper
Death
Early on 5 April 1932, the horse's
In 2000, equine specialists studying the two necropsies concluded that Phar Lap probably died of duodenitis-proximal jejunitis, an acute bacterial gastroenteritis.[22]
In 2006, Australian Synchrotron Research scientists said it was almost certain Phar Lap was poisoned with a large single dose of arsenic in the hours before he died, perhaps supporting the theory that Phar Lap was killed on the orders of US gangsters, who feared the Melbourne Cup-winning champion would inflict big losses on their illegal bookmakers.[23][24] No real evidence of involvement by a criminal element exists, however.[25]
Sydney veterinarian Percy Sykes believes deliberate poisoning did not cause the death. He said "In those days, arsenic was quite a common tonic, usually given in the form of a solution (
In December 2007, Phar Lap's mane was tested for multiple doses of arsenic which, if found, would point to accidental poisoning.
In April 2008, an 82-page handwritten notebook belonging to Telford and containing recipes for tonics given to Phar Lap in the days before swabbing was sold by a Melbourne auction house. It showed that Phar Lap was given tonics designed to boost his performance that included arsenic, strychnine, cocaine and caffeine.[27] The find gave credence to Woodcock's deathbed admission in 1985 that Phar Lap may have been given an overdose of a tonic before the horse died in 1932. The notebook was sold to the Melbourne Museum for $37,000.
On 19 June 2008, the Melbourne Museum released the findings of the forensic investigation conducted by Ivan Kempson, University of South Australia, and Dermot Henry, Natural Science Collections at Museum Victoria. Kempson analysed six hairs from Phar Lap's mane at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory near Chicago. These high resolution X-rays detect arsenic in hair samples, showing the specific difference "between arsenic, which had entered the hair cells via the blood and arsenic which had infused the hair cells by the taxidermy process when he was stuffed and mounted at the museum".[28][29]
Kempson and Henry discovered that in the 30 to 40 hours before Phar Lap's death, the horse ingested a massive dose of arsenic. "We can't speculate where the arsenic came from, but it was easily accessible at the time", Henry said.[30]
In October 2011 the
Contradicting this is the tonic book of Harry Telford, Phar Lap's owner and trainer, on display in Museum Victoria, Melbourne. One recipe for a "general tonic" has a main ingredient of arsenic and has written below it: "A great tonic for all horses".[32] Several theories have been proposed for the large amount of arsenic in Phar Lap's body.
Legacy
Following his death, Phar Lap's heart was donated to the Institute of Anatomy in
Phar Lap's heart was remarkable for its size, weighing 6.2 kilograms (14 lb), compared with a normal horse's heart at 3.2 kilograms (7.1 lb). Now held at the National Museum of Australia in Canberra, it is the object visitors most often request to see. The author and film maker Peter Luck was convinced the heart is a fake. In Luck's 1979 television series This Fabulous Century, the daughter of Walker Neilson, the government veterinarian who performed the first post-mortem on Phar Lap, says her father told her the heart was necessarily cut to pieces during the autopsy, and the heart on display is that of a draughthorse.[35] However the expression "a heart as big as Phar Lap" to describe a very generous or courageous person became a popular idiom.[36][37]
Several books and films have featured Phar Lap, including the 1983 film Phar Lap, and the song "Phar Lap—Farewell To You".
Phar Lap was one of five inaugural inductees into both the
The horse is considered to be a national icon in both Australia and New Zealand.[38][39][40] In 1978 he was honoured on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post[41] and features in the Australian citizenship test.[42]
Phar Lap has been honoured with a $500,000 life-sized bronze memorial near his birthplace in
Phar Lap has several residential streets named after him in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States. (In many cases, the name is merged into a single word "Pharlap".)
In 1931,
1930 racebook
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Front cover 1930 AJC St Leger racebook
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Inside cover of the 1930 AJC St Leger showing raceday officials
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1930 AJC St Leger showing the winner, Phar Lap
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1930 AJC St Leger raceday showing music entertainment for patrons
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Raceday catering arrangements and racecourse detectives
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Back cover showing charges at the entrance gates
Race record
1928/1929: Two-year-old season
Result | Race | Date | Distance | Weight | Winner or 2nd | Pos'n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
13th | RRC Nursery Hcp | 23/02/1929 | 51⁄2f | 6.11 | Exact | 1st |
7th | Hawkesbury Two Year Old Hcp | 02/03/1929 | 5f | 7.3 | Sheila | 1st |
– | RRC Nursery Hcp | 16/03/1929 | 6f | 6.7 | My Talisman | 1st |
8th | AJC Easter Stakes | 01/04/1929 | 7f | 7.6 | Carradale | 1st |
Won | RRC Maiden Juvenile Hcp | 27/04/1929 | 6f | 7.9 | Voleuse | 2nd |
1929/1930: Three-year-old season
Result | Race | Date | Distance | Weight | Winner or 2nd | Pos'n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
– | AJC Denham Court Hcp | 03/08/1929 | 6f | 7.2 | Killarney | 1st |
4th | RRC Three Year Old Hcp | 17/08/1929 | 7f | 7.13 | Firbolg / King Crow | 1st |
8th | RRC Three & Four Year Old Hcp | 24/08/1929 | 7f | 7.6 | Ticino | 1st |
4th | AJC Warwick Stakes (wfa)
|
31/08/1929 | 8f | 7.6 | Limerick | 1st |
2nd | Tatts Chelmsford Stakes (wfa) | 14/09/1929 | 9f | 7.6 | Mollison | 1st |
Won | RRC Rosehill Guineas | 21/09/1929 | 9f | 8.5 | Lorason | 2nd |
Won | AJC Derby
|
05/10/1929 | 12f | 8.10 | Carradale | 2nd |
Won | AJC Craven Plate (wfa) | 09/10/1929 | 10f | 7.8 | Mollison | 2nd |
Won | VRC Derby
|
02/11/1929 | 12f | 8.10 | Carradale | 2nd |
3rd | VRC Melbourne Cup | 05/11/1929 | 2 m | 7.6 | Nightmarch | 1st |
3rd | VATC St George Stakes (wfa)
|
15/02/1930 | 9f | 8.10 | Amounis | 1st |
Won | VRC St Leger Stakes | 01/03/1930 | 14f | 8.10 | Sir Ribble | 2nd |
Won | VRC Governor's Plate (wfa) | 06/03/1930 | 12f | 7.13 | Lineage | 2nd |
Won | VRC King's Plate (wfa) | 08/03/1930 | 2 m | 7.11 | Second Wind | 2nd |
Won | AJC Chipping Norton Stakes (wfa) | 12/04/1930 | 10f | 8.10 | Amounis | 2nd |
Won | AJC St Leger | 19/04/1930 | 14f | 8.10 | Sir Ribble | 2nd |
Won | AJC Cumberland Stakes (wfa) | 23/04/1930 | 14f | 8.1 | Donald | 2nd |
Won | AJC Plate (wfa) | 26/04/1930 | 21⁄4 m | 7.13 | Nightmarch | 2nd |
Won | SAJC Elder Stakes (wfa) | 10/05/1930 | 9f | 8.4 | Fruition | 2nd |
Won | King's Cup | 17/05/1930 | 12f | 9.5 | Nadean | 2nd |
1930/1931: Four-year-old season
Result | Race | Date | Distance | Weight | Winner or 2nd | Pos'n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2nd | AJC Warwick Stakes (wfa)
|
30/08/1930 | 8f | 8.11 | Amounis | 1st |
Won | Tatts Chelmsford Stakes (wfa) | 13/09/1930 | 9f | 9.4 | Nightmarch | 2nd |
Won | RRC Hill Stakes (wfa) | 20/09/1930 | 8f | 9.4 | Nightmarch | 2nd |
Won | AJC Spring Stakes (wfa) | 04/10/1930 | 12f | 8.11 | Nightmarch | 2nd |
Won | AJC Craven Plate (wfa) | 08/10/1930 | 10f | 8.11 | Nightmarch | 2nd |
Won | AJC Randwick Plate (wfa) | 11/10/1930 | 2 m | 8.11 | Donald | 2nd |
Won | MVRC W. S. Cox Plate (wfa) | 25/10/1930 | 91⁄2f | 8.11 | Tregilla | 2nd |
Won | VRC Melbourne Stakes (wfa)
|
01/11/1930 | 10f | 8.11 | Tregilla | 2nd |
Won | VRC Melbourne Cup | 04/11/1930 | 2 m | 9.12 | Second Wind | 2nd |
Won | VRC Linlithgow Stakes (wfa) | 06/11/1930 | 8f | 8.12 | Mollison | 2nd |
Won | VRC C.B. Fisher Plate (wfa) | 08/11/1930 | 12f | 8.12 | Second Wind | 2nd |
Won | VATC St George Stakes (wfa)
|
14/02/1931 | 9f | 9.7 | Induna | 2nd |
Won | VATC Futurity Stakes (wfa)
|
21/02/1931 | 7f | 10.3 | Mystic Peak | 2nd |
Won | VRC Essendon Stakes (wfa) | 28/02/1931 | 10f | 8.7 | Lampra | 2nd |
Won | VRC King's Plate (wfa) | 04/03/1931 | 12f | 9.7 | Glare | 2nd |
2nd | VRC C.M. Lloyd Stakes (wfa) | 07/03/1931 | 8f | 9.7 | Waterline | 1st |
1931/1932: Five-year-old season
Result | Race | Date | Distance | Weight | Winner or 2nd | Pos'n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Won | WRC Underwood Stakes (wfa)
|
25/08/1931 | 8f | 9.0 | Rondalina | 2nd |
Won | VATC Memsie Stakes (wfa) | 05/09/1931 | 9f | 9.8 | Rondalina | 2nd |
Won | RRC Hill Stakes (wfa) | 19/09/1931 | 8f | 9.0 | Chide | 2nd |
Won | AJC Spring Stakes (wfa) | 03/10/1931 | 12f | 9.2 | Chide | 2nd |
Won | AJC Craven Plate (wfa) | 07/10/1931 | 10f | 9.1 | Pentheus | 2nd |
Won | AJC Randwick Plate (wfa) | 10/10/1931 | 16f | 9.3 | Chide | 2nd |
Won | MVRC W. S. Cox Plate (wfa) | 24/10/1931 | 10f | 9.4 | Chatham | 2nd |
Won | VRC Melbourne Stakes (wfa)
|
31/10/1931 | 10f | 9.1 | Concentrate | 2nd |
8th | VRC Melbourne Cup | 03/11/1931 | 16f | 10.10 | White Nose | 1st |
Won | Agua Caliente Hcp | 20/03/1932 | 10f | 9.3 | Reveille Boy | 2nd |
Total: 51 starts – 37 wins, 3 seconds, 2 thirds, 2 fourths, 7 unplaced
Pedigree
Sire Night Raid (GB) B. 1918 |
Radium (GB) B. 1903 |
Bend Or | Doncaster |
---|---|---|---|
Rouge Rose | |||
Taia | Donovan | ||
Eira | |||
Sentiment (GB) B. 1912 |
Spearmint | Carbine (NZ) | |
Maid of the Mint | |||
Flair | St. Frusquin | ||
Glare | |||
Dam Entreaty (NZ) Blk. 1920 |
Winkie (GB) Ch. 1912 |
William the Third | St.Simon |
Gravity | |||
Conjure | Juggler | ||
Connie | |||
Prayer Wheel (NZ) B. 1905 |
Pilgrim's Progress | Isonomy | |
Pilgrimage | |||
Catherine Wheel | Maxim | ||
Miss Kate (F-No.2-r) |
See also
- Thoroughbred racing in Australia
- Thoroughbred racing in New Zealand
- List of Melbourne Cup winners
- List of notable Thoroughbred racehorses
- List of racehorses
- New Zealand Racing Hall of Fame
- Repeat winners of horse races
Notes
- ^ a b "Phar Lap". The Australian Racing Museum. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Pedigree". Pedigreequery.com. 30 April 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ "Phar Lap Forever". The National Film and Sound Archive of Australia. November 2017. p. 1. Retrieved 28 November 2021.
- ^ "Phar Lap". Thoroughbred Heritage. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ a b "Story of Phar Lap". pharlap.org.nz. Archived from the original on 29 August 2009. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ "Phar Lap, Agua Caliente". Museum of Victoria. p. 1. Archived from the original on 31 July 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ISBN 0 9577471 9 5.
- ^ "Phar Lap's heart at the National Museum of Australia". Archived from the original on 21 June 2014. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ^ "Lightning". Phar Lap: Australia's wonder horse. Museum Victoria. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ a b "The Phar Lap Story". Archived from the original on 14 May 2009. Retrieved 20 April 2009.
- ^ "Phar Lap called Bobby round the stables". Mountainhomeplace.com. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ "Phar Lap". Museum Victoria. Archived from the original on 6 June 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Museum Victoria. "Background to the naming of Phar Lap – Museum of Victoria". Museumvictoria.com.au. Archived from the original on 14 December 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ "The Horse". Museum Victoria. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ISBN 0-908133-00-6
- ^ a b c "Phar Lap (1926–1932)". Te Papa. p. 2. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ Phil Purser. "Jack Baker rode himself into Australian racing history". Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 30 July 2007.
- ^ "Shot fired at Phar Lap". Trove.nla.gov.au. 3 November 1930. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewar. "Collections:Phar Lap". Retrieved 20 April 2009.
- ^ "Phar Lap wins the cup". Trove.nla.gov.au. 5 November 1930. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ Moriarty, Richard (28 October 2006). "Blame 'The Brazilian'". News.com.au. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ISBN 978-1-74114-750-6.
- ^ "Phar Lap poisoned, scientists say". ABC News Online. 23 October 2006.
- ^ "PHAR LAP WAS POISONED". The Courier-Mail. Brisbane: National Library of Australia. 19 September 1936. p. 11. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- ^ "Catalyst (2008 report on arsenic death of Phar Lap)". ABC News Online. 19 June 2008.
- ^ "Phar Lap arsenic claims premature: expert". ABC News Online. 23 October 2006.
- ^ "Phar Lap notebook sells for $37,000". The Age/Australian Associated Press. 24 April 2008.
- ^ "Sydney Morning Herald: It's official, Phar Lap was poisoned". Smh.com.au. 19 June 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- PMID 20432493.
- ^ "Yahoo! Sports: Phar Lap died of arsenic poisoning". Sports.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 27 June 2008. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ "Phar Lap poisoning theory down the drain". The Sydney Morning Herald.
- ^ "Tonic Book – Harry Telford, Phar Lap, 1930s". Archived from the original on 24 April 2011. Retrieved 19 February 2013.
- ^ Wallquist, Calla (3 October 2016). "Phar Lap's 90th birthday". www.TheGuardian.com. Guardian News & Media. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- Wikidata Q106839617.
- ^ David Dale, "Fakes & Fictions", Sydney Morning Herald, 18 September 1999, Spectrum, p.7s
- ISBN 9812347992.
- ISBN 978-0195565782.
- ^ "Sportsmen and women (... and a horse and a boat)". Australian Government. Australian High Commission – New Zealand. Retrieved 24 April 2009.
- ^ a b "Phar Lap's return to Timaru". The Phar Lap Trust. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 25 April 2009.
- ^ "Minister promotes Spring Racing Carnival in New Zealand". From the Minister for Racing, Minister for tourism. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ http://www.australianstamp.com/images/large/0012460.jpg [bare URL image file]
- ^ "Just how Australian are you?". Democrats.org.au. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 14 October 2007. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
- ^ "Phar Lap sculpture unveiled in Timaru". Radio New Zealand. 26 November 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
- ^ Photo of the statue of Phar Lap at Flemington Racecourse – National Library of Australia
- ^ Whitley, Gilbert P. (1931). "New Names for Australian Fishes". The Australian Zoologist. 6 (4): 313.
- ^ Whitley, Gilbert; Allan, Joyce (1958). "Phar Lap, The Short-Snouted or Yellow-Ringed Sea Horse". The Sea-Horse and its Relatives. Melbourne: Georgian House. p. 35.
- ISBN 978-1-101-13376-7.
- .
- .
External links
- Killing Phar Lap: A Forensic Investigation Podcast
- Phar Lap at Museum Victoria, Melbourne Australia
- Phar Lap at Te Papa, New Zealand
- Phar Lap's heart at the National Museum of Australia, Canberra Archived 21 June 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- National Museum of Australia: Protecting and photographing Phar Lap's heart Archived 21 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Phar Lap Australia's Wonder Horse
- Digital Photo Collection on Phar Lap
- Images and link to the story of Phar Lap at Museum Victoria Archived 9 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- Photo album owned by David Davis, owner of Phar Lap Archived 22 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine
- Photos of Phar Lap's heart Archived 22 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine