Healthcare in Iran
For health issues in Iran see Health in Iran.
Healthcare in Iran is based on three pillars: the public-governmental system, the private sector, and
According to the
Health services
IRAN: Healthcare (Source: EIU)[4] | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life expectancy, average (years) | 70.0 | 70.3 | 70.6 | 70.9 | 71.1 | 71.4 |
Healthcare spending (% of GDP) | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.2 |
Healthcare spending ($ per head) | 113 | 132 | 150 | 191 | 223 | 261 |
The largest healthcare delivery network is owned and run by the
According to the last census that Statistical Centre of Iran undertook in 2003, Iran possesses 730 medical establishments (e.g. hospitals, clinics) with a total of 110,797
An extensive network of public clinics offers primary health care at low cost. In rural areas, each village or group of villages has a "health house" staffed by community health workers, locals trained in preventive healthcare methods such as nutrition, family planning, taking blood pressure, prenatal care, immunization, and monitoring environmental conditions such as water quality. Each health house is equipped with an examination room and sleeping quarters, and has a staff of one man and one or more women, all of whom are from the villages they serve. These are the population's first point of contact with the health care system. Those with more complex illnesses are referred to rural health centers, which are staffed by a physician, technician, and administrator. Similar primary health posts also exist in urban areas. Those in need of more complex care, including surgical services, are referred to hospitals. Iran's primary healthcare system has been rated as "excellent" by UNICEF.[14]
The Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) operates public hospitals, both general and specialty hospitals, throughout Iran. Public hospitals are typically under the direct management of universities.[15] In most large cities, well-to-do persons use private clinics and hospitals that charge high fees.[4] In 2000, 94% of the population could access local health services, according to the WHO. Access ranged from 86% in rural areas to 100% in urban areas.[4] Between 80% and 94% of the population could access affordable essential medicines in 1999.[4]
Coverage
The
More than 90% of the population has health insurance, and the government has made universal coverage by 2018 a priority.[15] In general, health insurance covers 70% of the cost of drugs on the insurers' coverage list, and 90% of public hospital costs, with extra provision for those with rare diseases or in remote areas.[5][15]
Since 2009, a new government plan called "the comprehensive insurance plan" provides basic coverage to all Iranians.[16]
Workforce
Iran has been very successful in training/educating the necessary human resources for its health system. The system of almost 30 years ago where the country was facing a shortage of all kinds of skilled personnel in the health and medical sector has been completely changed into one in which the necessary professionals now completely suffice the country's needs. There are now 488 government funded hospitals in Iran. There were 0.5-1.1 physicians per 1000 population in 2004 according to various estimates (about 46 percent of physicians were women).[17]
Medical Schools | 51 |
Medical Students | 1 million |
Professors of Medicine | 20,000 |
Hospital Beds | 120,000 |
Village Clinics | 20,000 |
Doctors | 100,000 |
Nurses | 170,000 |
However, access and
Development
Although overall improvements have been achieved in all health areas since the 1979 revolution, the present challenging economic conditions of the country, combined with rapid advances in medical technology and information technology, individuals’ expectations, and the young demographic of the population will undoubtedly challenge the sustainability of past improving trends.
Medical tourism
Medical tourism in Iran, has a high potential of attracting tourists for medical services. Apart from the price which is considerably lower, comparing to other countries being in the same region, the quality of medical services in Iran are quite pleasing. Iran has a really well educated and experienced medical staff. Medical specialists are highly professional and supported by a qualified nursing system. Iran also has a really active team of medical researchers.[18]
In 2012, 30,000 people visited Iran each year to receive medical treatment.[19][20] Most health tourists were from Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Iraq, Turkey, Kuwait, Oman and Pakistan.[21]
Pharmaceuticals
The pharmaceutical industry in Iran began in its modern form in 1920 when the
Iran's
Although over 85 percent of the population use an insurance system to reimburse their drug expenses, the government heavily subsidizes pharmaceutical production/importation in order to increase affordability of medicines, which tends also to increase overconsumption, overprescription and misuse of drugs, much like the abuse of pharmaceutical
Market
In 2006, 55
The drug market in Iran is heavily in favour of generic medicines, which contributed US$1.23bn to the total in 2009, with patented drugs at US$817mn and OTC medicines at US$262mn.[27]
The market share of local production (value-wise) has declined from 85.2% to 63.4% over the past 8 (Iranian) years (2009). In this period the value of importation has jumped from 14.8% to 36.6%. The government imposes 90% tariff on the import of drugs.[citation needed][verification needed]
In 2009, 1.8 million units of pharmaceutical products worth $1.2 billion were imported into Iran.[29]
As of 2015, Iran's share of global biotechnology products market is half a billion US dollar.[30]
In 2010, 50% of raw materials and chemicals used in the drug manufacturing sector were imported.[31] In 2019, Iranian companies were able to produce 80-90% of the raw materials needed inside the country.[22]
Products
Iran has produced a wide range of pharmaceuticals for the treatment of cancer, diabetes, infection and depression.[32]
Iran is the first country in the East Mediterranean region which has the technical and scientific capability to export vaccines to various world countries.).
The new drugs launched in Iran for the treatment of
Iranian researchers have developed 41 types of anti-cancer medications, overcoming the need for importing pricey
According to the Food and Drug Administration in 2014, trade in counterfeit commercial drugs has become more lucrative than dealing in illegal narcotics. Most of which come from
Innovation
In recent years several drugmakers are gradually developing the ability to innovate, away from
Iran has around 8000 species of plant life and researches indicate that more than 2300 species have remedial characteristics or can be used as cosmetic products;
Pharmaceutical companies
In 2010, 92 companies were active in the pharmaceutical industry of Iran.[29]
The Social Security Investment Co. (SSIC), which is affiliated to the
The leading pharmaceuticals company is
The Razi Institute for Serums and Vaccines and the Pasteur Institute of Iran are leading regional facilities in the development and manufacture of vaccines.[49]
The Barkat Pharmaceutical Group is a major pharmaceutical holding that supplied 14% of the pharmaceutical market of Iran in 2016.[50]
Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturers are reported to be disadvantaged by the government's poor
Medical equipment
The Department of Medical Equipments in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME) is responsible for supervising imports in this segment, but the import and distribution of such equipment is mostly handled by the private sector.
There are over 100 Iranian companies representing the international suppliers in this market.
See also
- Family planning in Iran
- List of hospitals in Iran
- Medicine in Iran
- State Welfare Organization of Iran
References
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- ^ WHO, World Health Organization. "The World Health Report 2000" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2006-10-18. Retrieved 2006-10-12.
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{{cite web}}
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External links
Media related to Healthcare in Iran at Wikimedia Commons