Phaseolus
| Phaseolus | |
|---|---|
| |
| P. vulgaris | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fabales |
| Family: | Fabaceae |
| Subfamily: | Faboideae |
| Subtribe: | Phaseolinae |
| Genus: | Phaseolus L. (1753) |
| Type species | |
| Phaseolus vulgaris L.
| |
| Species | |
|
See text. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Phaseolus (bean, wild bean)[2] is a genus of herbaceous to woody annual and perennial vines in the family Fabaceae containing about 70 plant species, all native to the Americas, primarily Mesoamerica.[3][4]
It is one of the most economically important legume genera. Five of the species have been
common bean, P. vulgaris, which today is cultivated worldwide in tropical, semitropical, and temperate climates
.
Ecology
Phaseolus species are used as food plants by the
.Etymology
The generic name Phaseolus was introduced by
common bean was introduced into Europe via Columbian exchange
in the 16th Century, the meaning of the term extended to the New World beans.
Taxonomy
Previous classifications placed a number of other well-known
Vigna caracalla was discovered in 1753 and in 1970 moved from Phaseolus to Vigna. The modern understanding of Phaseolus indicates a genus endemic only to the New World.[3]
Species
Species have been organized into eight groups based on phylogenetic clades:[11][12][13]
Filiformis group
- Phaseolus angustissimus A. Gray
- Phaseolus filiformis—slimjim bean
- Phaseolus carterae
Leptostachyus group
Lunatus group
- Phaseolus augusti
- Phaseolus bolivianus
- Phaseolus lunatus—lima bean, butter bean
- Phaseolus pachyrrhizoides
- Phaseolus viridis
- Phaseolus mollis
Pauciflorus group
- Phaseolus pauciflorus
- Phaseolus parvulus
- Phaseolus perplexus
- Phaseolus pluriflorus
- Phaseolus tenellus
Pedicellatus group
- Phaseolus altimontanus
- Phaseolus dasycarpus
- Phaseolus esperanzae
- Phaseolus grayanus
- Phaseolus laxiflorus
- Phaseolus neglectus
- Phaseolus pedicellatus
- Phaseolus texensis
Polystachios group
- Phaseolus albinervus
- Phaseolus jaliscanus
- Phaseolus juquilensis
- Phaseolus maculatus—spotted bean
- Phaseolus marechalii
- Phaseolus polystachios
- Phaseolus reticulatus
- Phaseolus ritensis
- Phaseolus smilacifolius
Tuerckheimii group
- Phaseolus chiapasanus
- Phaseolus gladiolatus
- Phaseolus hintonii
- Phaseolus oligospermus
- Phaseolus tuerckheimii
- Phaseolus xanthrotrichus
- Phaseolus zimapanensis
Vulgaris group
- Phaseolus acutifolius—tepary bean
- Phaseolus albescens
- Phaseolus coccineus—runner bean
- Phaseolus costaricensis
- Phaseolus dumosus—year bean
- Phaseolus parvifolius
- Phaseolus persistentus
- Phaseolus vulgaris—common bean, French bean, black bean, kidney bean, pinto bean, green bean
Uncategorized
- Phaseolus amblyosepalus
- Phaseolus anisotrichos
- Phaseolus brevicalyx
- Phaseolus chacoensis
- Phaseolus cibellii
- Phaseolus galactoides
- Phaseolus glabellus
- Phaseolus leucanthus
- Phaseolus macrolepis
- Phaseolus massaiensis
- Phaseolus microcarpus
- Phaseolus nelsonii
- Phaseolus oaxacanus
- Phaseolus plagiocylix
- Phaseolus polymorphus
- Phaseolus sonorensis
- Phaseolus vulcanicus
Allergenicity
The Phaseolus plant has an
OPALS plant allergy scale rating of 4 out of 10, indicating moderate potential to cause allergic reactions, exacerbated by over-use of the same plant throughout a garden. Leaves can cause skin rash and old plants often carry rust.[14]
References
- ^ Phaseolus L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 14 September 2023.
- ^ "Phaseolus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- ^ PMID 21980163.
- OCLC 249436749.
- .
- PMID 28533789.
- ^ Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2:623, cited in Oxford English Dictionary s.v. 'phaseolus'
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary s.v. 'phaseolin'
- Perseus Project
- ^ ILDIS Version 10.01
- S2CID 14832239.
- JSTOR 2419699.
- ISBN 9781607744917.
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
