Phenuiviridae

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Phenuiviridae
Rift Valley fever virus
replication cycle
Virus classification Edit this classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum:
Negarnaviricota
Class: Ellioviricetes
Order: Bunyavirales
Family: Phenuiviridae

Phenuiviridae is a family of negative-strand RNA viruses in the order Bunyavirales.[1] Ruminants, camels, humans, and mosquitoes serve as natural hosts. Member genus Phlebovirus is the only genus of the family that has viruses that cause disease in humans (e.g. Rift Valley fever virus)[2] except Dabie bandavirus.[3]

Virology

Structure

Rift Valley fever virus
structure

Members of Phenuiviridae are enveloped viruses with helical capsid morphology. Envelope glycoproteins of these viruses are distributed with icosahedral symmetry (T=12).[2]

Genome

Phenuiviridae is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus family.[4] Its genome is segmented into three pieces: L segment (encoding RNA-dependent RNA polymerase), M segment, and S segment.[1]

Some members of the family have

ambisense gene encoding on the S segment (nucleocapsid proteins). The M segment includes envelope glycoproteins encoded in a polyprotein that is cleaved by host proteases.[5] Multiple different proteins can be encoded on the M segment due to leaky scanning by the ribosome.[2]

Life cycle

RNA transcripts are capped through cap snatching, but not polyadenylated.[5] Translation is terminated by a hairpin sequence at the end of each RNA transcript.[2]

Taxonomy

The following genera are recognized:[6]

References

  1. ^ a b "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Retrieved 2018-02-02.
  2. ^ a b c d "Phenuiviridae ~ ViralZone".
  3. PMID 21410387
    .
  4. ^ "Phenuiviridae".
  5. ^
    PMID 31315022
    .
  6. ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). March 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2021.


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