Phenyldichloroarsine
| |||
Names | |||
---|---|---|---|
Preferred IUPAC name
Phenylarsonous dichloride | |||
Other names
Dichlorophenylarsane
Dichloro(phenyl)arsine | |||
Identifiers | |||
3D model (
JSmol ) |
|||
Abbreviations | PD (NATO) | ||
ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard
|
100.010.721 | ||
EC Number |
| ||
PubChem CID
|
|||
RTECS number
|
| ||
UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|||
| |||
| |||
Properties | |||
C6H5AsCl2 | |||
Molar mass | 222.9315 g/mol | ||
Appearance | Colorless liquid | ||
Density | 1.65 g/cm3 (at 20 °C) | ||
Melting point | −20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K) | ||
Boiling point | 252 to 255 °C (486 to 491 °F; 525 to 528 K) | ||
Reacts | |||
Solubility | acetone, ether, benzene | ||
log P | 3.060 | ||
Vapor pressure | 0.033 | ||
Henry's law
constant (kH) |
3.00E-05 atm·m3/mole | ||
Atmospheric OH rate constant
|
1.95E-12 cm3/molecule·s | ||
Hazards | |||
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |||
Main hazards
|
Flammability, incapacitation, blistering | ||
NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Flash point | 16 °C (61 °F; 289 K) | ||
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
LD50 (median dose)
|
2,500 mg·min/m3 | ||
NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |||
PEL (Permissible)
|
0.5 mg/m2 | ||
Safety data sheet (SDS) | New Jersey MSDS | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
Phenyldichloroarsine, also known by its wartime name phenyl Dick
History
PD was prepared during 1917–18 in Germany and France, during World War II it was prepared in Germany.
Chemical characteristics
General
Phenyldichloroarsine is an odorless, colorless substance that can form
Phenyldichloroarsine is one of four organic arsenicals, the other three are
Synthesis
Phenyldichloroarsine is produced by reacting
Uses
Phenyldichloroarsine is an obsolete
Biological effects
PD damages the eyes, lungs, throat and nasal membranes.[12] PD immediately affects the eyes and blindness can result, though it requires high doses.[4] It also induces nausea and vomiting, an inhalation of as little as 5-50 milligrams can induce severe vomiting.[4] Long-term exposure to PD can cause systemic damage by replacing calcium with arsenic, extensive bone marrow damage can also result.[12] Due to PD being easily recognized in the field and a relatively fast rate for decontamination procedures to become effective, the chemical is not as useful as other blister agents.[4] The blistering resultant from PD exposure may also be delayed, for as little as 30 minutes,[7] or as long as 32 hours depending upon the concentration of the dose.[4]
The molecular toxicology of PD is not well understood,[7] but a 1986 U.S. Army-sponsored report did shed some light on that area. The Army report showed that PD penetrated the red blood cell membrane and interacted with something inside the cell. The study also found that hemoglobin was not responsible for "holding" the PD in its bond with the erythrocytes (red blood cells), instead glutathione was found to be a more likely interacting with PD inside the cell .[7][12]
See also
References
- PMID 18015982.
- ^ ISBN 978-1420044775.)
- ISBN 0471726109.)
- ^ ISBN 1411694325.
- ISBN 978-0849314346.
- ^ Fitzgerald GM, Vollmer T (19 June 2006). "CBRNE - Vesicants, Organic Arsenicals: L, ED, MD, PD, HL". emedicine. WebMD. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ^ U.S. Army, Letterman Army Institute of Research. Archived(PDF) from the original on May 22, 2011. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
- ISBN 978-8189093518.
- ISBN 1566703816.
- ^ ISBN 978-1420052657.
- ^ Dire DJ (21 December 2007). "CBRNE - Vesicants, Mustard: Hd, Hn1-3, H]". emedicine. WebMD. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
- ^ ISBN 1566706513.