Philadelphia Water Department
Utility overview | |
---|---|
Formed | 1801 |
Jurisdiction | City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
Headquarters | Jefferson Tower 1101 Market Street, Fl 5 Philadelphia, PA 19107 39°57′08″N 75°09′31″W / 39.9521°N 75.1585°W39° 57′ 7.56″ N, 75° 9′ 30.6″ W39.9521, −75.1585 |
Employees | 2,000[1] |
Annual budget | $607,576,000, FY ending 2008-06-31, actual[2] |
Utility executive |
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Website | phila |
The Philadelphia Water Department is the public
The primary mission of the department is the planning, operation and maintenance of both the physical infrastructure and the organized personnel needed to provide high quality drinking water, and to provide an adequate and reliable water supply for all domestic, commercial, and industrial requirements, and to manage wastewater and stormwater to protect and improve the quality of the region's watersheds, especially the Delaware River and the Schuylkill River.[4]
The department is responsible for delivering safe drinking water to more than 1.7 million people in Philadelphia and Lower Bucks County. It is also committed to protecting and bolstering the health and vitality of the region's waterways.[5] It faces many challenges in meeting the goal of providing safe drinking water, including agricultural, mining, and drilling runoff, chemicals and fuel spilled on streets, radionuclides, and the treated wastewater from the region's inhabitants.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
History
The Philadelphia Water Department has been providing water to citizens since 1801, when, in the aftermath of a series of devastating
The city's first system, with a steam engine at Centre Square (the current location of
While the steam engines at the
After the works at Fairmount were decommissioned in 1911, the buildings were retrofitted to house first an aquarium, and later a swimming pool. The restored complex, listed on the National Historic Register, now houses the educational and historical exhibits of the Fairmount Water Works Interpretive Center of the Philadelphia Water Department. The entire site, which also includes a restaurant and a restored historic landscape, is now part of Fairmount Park, and is administered by Philadelphia Parks & Recreation.
To alleviate this public health disaster, five slow sand water
Between the 1920s and 1940s, the
Three water treatment plants – Baxter, in Northeast Philadelphia; Queen Lane, in East Falls; and Belmont, in West Philadelphia – now supply the city and surrounding suburban communities with water.
Watersheds
Philadelphia is in the Delaware River watershed. The entire watershed drains roughly 14,119 square miles between five states – Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania. The total area that this watershed makes up is approximately 0.4% of the United States’ land mass and is home to about 4.17 million people.
The city can be divided into seven main
Darby-Cobbs
The Darby-Cobbs watershed drains approximately 77 square miles, and about 66% of its surfaces are classified as
Delaware Direct
The contribution of direct drainage to the Delaware River from Philadelphia itself is very small, spanning only about 40 square miles of the city. The area directly considered the Delaware watershed is estimated to be 72% impervious surfaces within Philadelphia. The residences along the Delaware River drain into this watershed.[18][19]
Pennypack
The Pennypack Watershed drains about 56 miles of Philadelphia and 33% of its surface area is impervious.[20] Areas that belong to this water shed include parts of Montgomery, Philadelphia and Bucks counties, and segments of 12 different municipalities, including Abington, Bryn Athyn, Hatboro, Horsham, Lower Moreland, Rockledge, Upper Dublin, Upper Moreland, Upper Southampton, and Warminster.[20]
Poquessing
This watershed drains about 22 square miles and 38% of its surface area is impervious. It includes areas of Philadelphia, Bucks, and Montgomery counties, and 4 additional municipalities called Lower Moreland, Bensalem, Lower Southampton, and Upper Southampton.[21]
Schuylkill
This watershed is about 2,000 square miles and is 10% impervious. The Schuylkill watershed includes areas of 11 counties such as the Schuylkill, Berks, Montgomery, Chester, Philadelphia, Carbon, Lehigh, Lebanon, Lancaster, Bucks, and the Delaware.[22]
Tookany/Tacony-Frankford
This watershed drains about 33 square miles and has about 48% impervious surface areas. Its reach includes parts of Philadelphia and Montgomery counties, as well as five municipalities: Abington, Cheltenham, Jenkintown, Rockledge, and Springfield.[23]
Wissahickon
This watershed drains about 64 square miles and is 24% impervious. It includes areas of Montgomery and Philadelphia counties, as well as another 15 municipalities which include Abington, Ambler, Cheltenham, Horsham, Lansdale, Lower Gwynedd, Montgomery, North Wales, Springfield, Upper Dublin, Upper Gwynedd, Upper Moreland, Whitemarsh, Whitpain, and Worcester.
Wastewater treatment and infrastructure
By 1899, approximately 800 miles of
A small primary wastewater treatment plant went into operation along
In 1923, the Northeast Sewage Treatment Plant
Wastewater treatment
The Philadelphia sewer system has nearly 3,000 miles of sewers. Wastewater travels along some part of that system to one of three water pollution control plants: Southwest, Southeast and Northeast Water Pollution Control Plants. In these facilities, a combined average of 471 million gallons of wastewater is cleaned and discharged into the Delaware River every day.[25]
Drinking water treatment
Philadelphia has three drinking water treatment plants — Samuel S. Baxter on the Delaware River and Queen Lane and Belmont on the Schuylkill.[26]
The
Operations
Untreated water enters Philadelphia Water's system through the Schuylkill and Delaware rivers. Before untreated water reaches the
The Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) has three main responsibilities. The first is to treat the
Source Water Protection Program
The Source Water Protection Program includes partnerships that traverse city boundaries. Philadelphia Water began this program in 1999 when the Office of Watersheds was created. The Delaware and Schuylkill rivers each make up about half of the Philadelphia area's drinking water supply, and Philadelphia Water delivers about 250 million gallons of this drinking water to customers on a daily basis through its
Despite being criticized for the low quality of its drinking water in 2011,[7][12] the department has won numerous awards for its devotion to drinking water quality.[32][33][34][35][36]
Delaware Valley Early Warning System
The Early Warning System was created in order to integrate real time water quality monitoring with the use of
In 2014, the system added a "tidal spill trajectory animation." This provides an enhanced analysis of
Philadelphia Water received the 2015 Governor's Award for Environmental Excellence in Pennsylvania by the Pennsylvania Environmental Council (PEC) for the aforementioned "Delaware Valley Early Warning System – Tidal Spill Trajectory Tool." This award was given to the department for the innovation the system showed as well as the public safety benefits this customized web-based system presented, as it was specially made to safeguard water quality for millions of people in the greater Philadelphia area.[37][43]
RainCheck
RainCheck is a program Philadelphia Water employs to help residents capture stormwater and prevent it from causing
These projects are intended to help Philadelphians contribute to their city- by filtering stormwater runoff that would otherwise end up polluting streams and rivers.
Migratory fish passage restoration and monitoring
Philadelphia's waterways were historically home to spawning populations of
The department pioneered the installation of the Fairmount Dam Fishway in the Schuylkill River in 2008.
In an established partnership with the
Stormwater grants
The stormwater
Stormwater Management Incentives Program
This grant program is designed for large, commercial properties with lots of impervious surfaces that create stormwater runoff in high volumes, burdening the city's sewer system. It provides them with funds to revamp their properties to better practice green stormwater management.[55] The property owner or tenant with permission from the property owner must apply for this grant. The most competitive applications typically keep grant requests to $100,000 or less per impervious acre.[56][57]
Greened Acre Retrofit Program
This grant program Greened Acre Retrofit Program (GARP) provides funds that help to offset the cost of stormwater projects built by contractors across properties in Philadelphia's combined sewer area.[55] GARP funding is typically awarded to companies or project aggregators with plans to build a stormwater management plan on properties in Philadelphia's combined sewer service area that hover around or above 10 acres in project size. The most competitive applications for these grants request around $90,000 or less per impervious acre.[56]
Water mains
The first
Transmission mains are larger water mains that move vast amounts of water across Philadelphia between
Water main breaks
A water main break happens when a hole or crack develops in a main and causes it to rupture. They typically result from the external
Philadelphia tracks the number of water main breaks that occur in 1,000 miles of main. The company uses a five-year moving average to smooth out the effect of weather variations. Based on historical information dating back to 1930, the average for 2001 was 212 breaks for every 1,000 miles of main– the lowest total over 45 years and better than the national average of 240–270 breaks per 1,000 miles.[59]
Green initiatives
Philadelphia Water Department developed some green initiatives, including "Biogas Cogeneration," "Green City, Clean Waters," and "Green Stormwater Infrastructure."
Biogas cogeneration
The technology for
In December 2011, in alignment with the city's Greenworks Philadelphia initiative, Philadelphia Water signed an agreement to incorporate biogas cogeneration into their Northeast Water Pollution Control Plant, as one of the first adopters in the nation of this system.[64] The project cost $47.5 million and was financed by Bank of America, the company which technically owns the facility though the city is leasing it for 16 years.
In order to complete the project the city partnered with Ameresco Inc., a company based in Massachusetts that specializes in energy efficiency and infrastructure upgrades for North American facilities. The plant's renovations were completed in 2014.
Currently, the Northeast Water Pollution Control Plant is able to meet 85% of its electrical requirements for plant operations using biogas cogeneration.
The plant has been praised for its on-site production of electricity from waste, which allows for the avoidance of the electricity losses that would otherwise take place from transmission.[65]
Green City, Clean Waters
Green City, Clean Waters is a 25-year plan to protect and enhance watersheds through stormwater management and green stormwater infrastructure (GSI). Philadelphia Water developed Green City, Clean Waters to confront environmental, demographic and financial challenges. Green City, Clean Waters confronts a number of challenges Philadelphia faces with aging infrastructure and the impact of climate change on human health[66][67] but the program's driving factor is the reduction of combined sewer overflows (CSOs). By capturing and infiltrating stormwater using green stormwater infrastructure such as rain gardens, swales, and stormwater tree trenches the system works to mitigate flooding and erosion in Philadelphia's rivers and streams.
On October 21, 2014, the Green City, Clean Waters program was awarded the American Planning Association (APA) Pennsylvania Chapter's Planning excellence Award in Implementation.[68] The following year on March 31, 2015, Green City, Clean Waters won the APA National Planning Excellence Award for Implementation. The award recognized the positive changes that have taken place in the city as a result of the program's planning efforts. Green City, Clean Waters completed 113 projects that implemented green stormwater infrastructure in the time leading up to this award and were in the process of designing 187 more.[69]
Certain studies have shown that green infrastructure may significantly reduce crime in areas they are implemented over time.[70] 'The Impact of Green Stormwater Infrastructure Installation on Surrounding Health and Safety' was published in the American Journal of Public Health in March 2015. The 12-year study showed a significant correlation between the drop in crime rates in certain areas and the implementation of green stormwater infrastructure.[70][71]
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI)
One of the environmentally-friendly initiatives of Philadelphia Water is incorporating
On April 12, 2012, the
More than a hundred years ago, Philadelphia built its sewers so that sewage, stormwater runoff, and
Green City, Clean Waters involves the installment of various soil-water-plant systems that will filter contaminants out of stormwater, returning some of it to the ground, releasing some to the air, and some slowly back into the sewer system. This process targets impervious city surfaces such as streets and the roofs of buildings. The increased land development leads to more impervious surfaces and causes an increase in stormwater runoff and consequently combined sewer overflows. CSOs endanger the quality of Philadelphia's watersheds because they result in the pollution of rivers and streams.
Energy efficiency
Another part of this initiative is to effectively utilize wastewater for energy and nutrients. A Philadelphia-based company called NovaThermal Energy partnered with Philadelphia Water on a project that warms a building with heat derived from sewage. This building is the Southeast Water Pollution Control Facility in Philadelphia. A sewage channel adjacent to the building transfers heat into a 1 million
greenSTEM Network
The greenSTEM Network is an initiative by Philadelphia Water to integrate the study of the urban watershed into
In 2014, greenSTEM worked with students to design innovative soil-moisture monitoring systems for their school gardens called Root Kits. Students could view soil moisture data online at www.greenstemnetwork.org and determine when gardens needed to be watered.[78]
In 2015, students helped build and develop
Governance
- Randy E. Hayman, Water Commissioner[3]
- Melissa LaBuda, Deputy Water Commissioner of Finance
- Gerald Leatherman, Deputy Water Commissioner of Administration and Human Resources
- Benjamin Jewell, Deputy Water Commissioner of Operations
- Glen Abrams Deputy Commissioner of Communications and Engagement
- Stephen J. Furtek, General Manager of Planning and Engineering
- Marc Cammarata, Deputy Water Commissioner of Planning & Environmental Services
- Ji Jun, General Counsel
- Damien Wright, Director of Innovation and Technology
Statistics
General:
Employees: 1,836
Drinking water customers: approximately 1.7 million[83]
Wastewater customers: approximately 2.2 million[83]
Service areas:
Philadelphia water: 130 sq. mi.[83]
Wholesale water: 101.35+ sq. mi.
Water treatment, storage and transmission:
Average daily treated water delivered: approximately 250 million gallons per day (MGD)[84]
Total raw and treated water storage design capacity: 1,065.5 million Gallons (MG)
Combined rated treatment capacity of three plants: 546 MGD[83]
Water infrastructure:
Total water system piping miles: 3,174
Main mileage replaced: 16.1
Total number of valves: 91,240
Total number of fire hydrants: 25,355
Wastewater treatment and infrastructure:
Average daily water sewage treatment: approximately 461 MGD[84]
Total wastewater service area: Philadelphia 134 sq. mi., suburban area 230 sq. mi.[84]
Total collector system piping: approximately 3,722 miles[84]
Miles of sanitary sewers – separate: 762
Miles of stormwater conduits (sewers): 738
Miles of combined sewers: 1,856
Miles of force mains, inlets and vent pipes: 368
Number of wastewater pumping stations: 16
Number of stormwater pumping stations: 3
Number of stormwater inlets: 74,430
Sewers reconstructed: 6.6 miles
See also
References
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