Philip I of France

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Philip I
Bertrade de Montfort
Issue
more...
HouseCapet
FatherHenry I of France
MotherAnne of Kiev

Philip I (c. 1052 – 29 July 1108), called the Amorous (French: L’Amoureux),[1] was King of the Franks from 1060 to 1108. His reign, like that of most of the early Capetians, was extraordinarily long for the time. The monarchy began a modest recovery from the low it had reached during the reign of his father, Henry I, and he added the Vexin region and the viscountcy of Bourges to his royal domaine.

Early life

Philip was born c. 1052 at

Baldwin V of Flanders as regent of the kingdom, a role which Baldwin would share with Anne after the death of Henry in 1060.[3] Despite his young age, Philip would rule in his own right, append royal documents with his own seal, and accompany Baldwin to several administrative visits to Flanders.[4] This close association allowed Baldwin to maintain peaceful relationships between the king and his vassals.[5] At age fourteen Philip was knighted by Baldwin's son, Baldwin the Good.[6]

Personal rule

Denier under Philip I

Following the death of

Robert the Frisian seized Flanders.[7] Baldwin's widow, Richilda, requested aid from Philip, who was defeated by Robert at the battle of Cassel in 1071.[8]

Philip appointed

William Rufus. Then in 1100, he took control of Bourges.[10] Philip expanded the royal demesne by incorporating the monasteries of Saint-Denis and Corbie.[11]

It was at the aforementioned Council of Clermont that the

Hugh of Vermandois
, however, was a major participant.

In 1106, he married his daughter Constance to Bohemond I of Antioch. The marriage was celebrated in Chartres with great pomp.[12] In 1107, Pope Paschal II met Philip and the future Louis VI in Saint-Denis, cementing a century-long alliance between the kingdom of France and the papacy against the Holy Roman Empire.

Personal life

Philip first married

excommunicated by the papal representative, Hugh of Die, for the first time;[15] after a long silence, Pope Urban II repeated the excommunication at the Council of Clermont in November 1095.[16]
Several times the ban was lifted as Philip promised to part with Bertrade, but he always returned to her.

In 1101, the sentence was renewed by Urban II in Poitiers, despite the protest of William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, who entered the church with his knights to prevent his suzerain from being excommunicated on his lands.[17] After making a public penance in 1104, Philip received absolution and was reconciled with the Church, and must have kept his involvement with Bertrade discreet.[18] In France, the king was opposed by Bishop Ivo of Chartres, a famous jurist.[19]

Death

13th-century effigy of King Philip I

Philip died in the castle of

Abbot Suger:[21]

… King Philip daily grew feebler. For after he had abducted the Countess of Anjou, he could achieve nothing worthy of the royal dignity; consumed by desire for the lady he had seized, he gave himself up entirely to the satisfaction of his passion. So he lost interest in the affairs of state and, relaxing too much, took no care for his body, well-made and handsome though it was. The only thing that maintained the strength of the state was the fear and love felt for his son and successor. When he was almost sixty, he ceased to be king, breathing his last breath at the castle of Melun-sur-Seine, in the presence of the [future king] Louis... They carried the body in a great procession to the noble monastery of St-Benoît-sur-Loire, where King Philip wished to be buried; there are those who say they heard from his own mouth that he deliberately chose not to be buried among his royal ancestors in the church of St. Denis because he had not treated that church as well as they had, and because among those of so many noble kings, his own tomb would not have counted for much.

Posthumous painting by Gillot Saint-Evre, 1837

Issue

Philip's children with Bertha were:

  1. Bohemund I of Antioch in 1106.[23]
  2. Louis VI of France (1 December 1081 – 1 August 1137).[23]
  3. Henry (1083 – died young).

Philip's children with Bertrade were:

  1. Philip, Count of Mantes (1093 –
    Guy III of Montlhéry[25]
  2. Fleury, Seigneur of Nangis (1095 – July 1119)[26]
  3. Pons of Tripoli.[28]

References

  1. ISBN 9780802146700
    .
  2. ^ Bradbury 2007, p. 111.
  3. ^ Prou 1908, p. xxix-xxxii.
  4. ^ Prou 1908, p. xxviii, 45, 49, 67.
  5. ^ Fliche 1912, p. 30-31.
  6. ^ Prou 1908, p. xxxii.
  7. ^ Nicholas 1999, p. 115.
  8. ^ a b Hallam 1980, p. 50-51.
  9. ^ Petit-Dutaillis 1936, p. 81.
  10. ^ Shepherd 2003, p. 13.
  11. ^ Gabriele 2020, p. 500.
  12. ^ Fliche 1912, p. 89.
  13. ^ Bradbury 2007, p. 114.
  14. ^ Bradbury 2007, p. 119; Gabriele 2020.
  15. ^ Bradbury 2007, p. 119.
  16. ^ Somerville 2011, p. 118.
  17. ^ Fliche 1912, p. 239.
  18. ^ d'Avray 2014, p. 47.
  19. ^ Rolker 2009, p. 16.
  20. ^ Brown 1990, p. 807.
  21. ^ Abbot Suger.
  22. ^ Paul 2012, p. 38.
  23. ^ a b Huscroft 2016, p. xi.
  24. ^ Power 2004, p. 85.
  25. ^ Bradbury 2007, p. 131.
  26. ^ McDougall 2017, p. 155.
  27. ^ McDougall 2017, p. 159.
  28. ^ Hodgson 2007, p. 217.

Sources

External links

Philip I of France
Born: 23 May 1052 Died: 29 July 1108
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of the Franks
4 August 1060 – 29 July 1108 		Succeeded by
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