Philip Noel-Baker
J.H. Thomas | |
---|---|
Succeeded by | Walter Johnson |
Member of Parliament for Coventry | |
In office 30 May 1929 – 6 October 1931 | |
Preceded by | Archibald Boyd-Carpenter |
Succeeded by | William Strickland |
Member of the House of Lords Lord Temporal | |
In office 22 July 1977 – 8 October 1982 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Philip John Baker 1 November 1889 Brondesbury Park, London |
Died | 8 October 1982 Westminster, London | (aged 92)
Spouse |
Irene Noel
(m. 1915; died 1956) |
Domestic partner | Megan Lloyd George (1936–1956) |
Children | Francis Noel-Baker |
Alma mater | Haverford College King's College, Cambridge |
Awards | Nobel Peace Prize |
Medal record | ||
---|---|---|
Athletics
| ||
Representing Great Britain | ||
Olympic Games | ||
1920 Antwerp | 1500 m |
Philip John Noel-Baker, Baron Noel-Baker,
Noel-Baker is the only person to have won an Olympic medal and received a Nobel Prize.[2] He was a Labour Member of Parliament (UK) for 36 years, serving from 1929 to 1931 and again from 1936 to 1970, serving in several ministerial offices and the cabinet. He became a life peer in 1977.
Early life and education
Baker was born 1 November 1889 on in
Baker was educated at Quaker
Athletic career
He was a competitor in the Olympic Games as a middle-distance runner, both before and after the First World War, representing
Academic career and military service
Baker's early career was as an academic. Following his graduation from the University of Cambridge in 1912, he was awarded the Whewell Scholarship in international law. In 1914, he was appointed as vice-principal of
During the
Political career
After World War I, Noel-Baker was closely involved in the formation of the
He became the first
Noel-Baker lost his seat in 1931, but remained Henderson's assistant while Henderson was president of the
Noel-Baker became a member of the Labour Party's National Executive Committee in 1937. On 21 June 1938, Noel-Baker, as M.P. for Derby, in the run up to World War II, spoke at the House of Commons against aerial bombing of German cities based on moral grounds. "The only way to prevent atrocities from the air is to abolish air warfare and national air forces altogether."[9]
In the coalition government during the
Noel-Baker was the minister responsible for organising the
Noel-Baker stood down as the MP for Derby South at the
A memorial garden, the Philip Noel-Baker Peace Garden, exists within Elthorne Park, a small park in the London Borough of Islington.
Brian Harrison recorded an oral history interview with Noel-Baker, in April 1977, as part of the Suffrage Interviews project, titled Oral evidence on the suffragette and suffragist movements: the Brian Harrison interviews.[17] Noel-Baker discusses the League of Nations Union and the Peace Ballot of 1934-35, as well as his work with the United Nations Association and the work of Kathleen Courtney.
Personal life
In June 1915, Philip John Baker married Irene Noel, a field hospital nurse in East Grinstead, subsequently adopting the hyphenated name Noel-Baker in 1921 by deed poll.[18] His wife was a friend of Virginia Woolf. Their only son, Francis, also became a Labour MP and served together with his father in the Commons. Their marriage, however was not a success and Noel-Baker's mistress from 1936 was Megan Lloyd George, daughter of the former Liberal Party leader David Lloyd George, herself a Liberal and later Labour MP. The relationship ended when Irene died in 1956.[3]
He died at home in Westminster on 8 October 1982.[3]
Works
Writings
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1926). Disarmament. London: The Hogarth Press. (Reprint 1970, New York: Kennicat Press)
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1926). The League of Nations at Work. London: Nisbet.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1927). Disarmament and the Coolidge Conference. London: Leonard & Virginia Woolf.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1929). The Present Juridical Status of the British Dominions in International Law. London: Longmans.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1934). Disarmament. London: League of Nations Union.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1934). Hawkers of Death: The Private Manufacture and Trade in Arms. London: Labour Party.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1936). The Private Manufacture of Armaments. London: Victor Gollancz. (Reprint 1972, New York: Dover Publications)
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1944). Before we go back: a pictorial record of Norway's fight against Nazism. London: H.M.S.O.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1946). U.N., the Atom, the Veto (speech at the Plenary Assembly of the United Nations 25 October 1946). London: The Labour Party.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1958). The Arms Race: A Programme for World Disarmament. London: Stevens & Sons. ASIN: B0000CJZPN.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1962). Nansen's Place in History. Oslo: Universitetsförlaget.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1963). The Way to World Disarmament-Now!. London: Union of Democratic Control.
- Noel-Baker, Philip (1979). The first World Disarmament Conference, 1932–1933 and why it failed. Oxford: Pergamon. ISBN 0-08-023365-1.
By Philip Noel-Baker with other authors
- Buzzard, Rear-Admiral Sir Anthony; Noel-Baker, Philip (1959). Disarmament and Defence. United Nations [Peacefinder Pamphlet. no. 28].
- ISBN 0-85124-297-9.
See also
References
- The Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
- ^ "Olympic Games trivia for pedants" Archived 9 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Canberra Times, 2 August 2012.
- ^ doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/31505. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^ "Philip Noel-Baker". Olympedia. Retrieved 18 April 2021.
- ^ a b Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Philip Baker". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 17 April 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-957048-5.
- ^ "Lord Philip Noel-Baker, Nobel Prize Winner". London School of Economics. Archived from the original on 7 December 2008. Retrieved 5 May 2009.
- ^ Noel-Baker, Philip (1925). The Geneva Protocol for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes. London: P.S. King & Son Ltd.
- ^ P.J. Noel-Baker comments on air warfare, ww2db.com; accessed 7 December 2014.
- ^ "New Ministers at Palace". Derby Daily Telegraph. 14 October 1947. Retrieved 2 November 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "NOEL-BAKER DROPPED". Gloucester Echo. 18 May 1948. Retrieved 2 November 2015 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ Philip Noel-Baker on Nobelprize.org
- ISBN 1-85072-056-8.
- ^ "No. 47234". The London Gazette (Supplement). 10 June 1977. p. 7080.
- ^ "No. 47285". The London Gazette. 26 July 1977. p. 9679.
- ^ "No. 20121". The Edinburgh Gazette. 26 July 1977. p. 861.
- ^ London School of Economics and Political Science. "The Suffrage Interviews". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
- ^ "No. 32613". The London Gazette (Supplement). 17 February 1922. p. 1455.
Bibliography
Primary and Secondary Sources
- Ferguson, John (1983). Philip Noel-Baker: the man and his message. London: United Nations Association. ASIN: B0000EF3NF.
- Lloyd, Lorna: Philip Noel-Baker and the Peace Through Law in Long, David; Wilson, Peter, eds. (1995). Thinkers of the Twenty Years' Crisis. Inter-War Idealism reassessed. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-827855-1.
- S2CID 145544869.
External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Philip Noel-Baker
- "Archival material relating to Philip Noel-Baker". UK National Archives.
- Philip John Noel-Baker at Olympics.com
- Philip Baker at Olympic.org (archived)
- "The Papers of Philip Noel-Baker (Churchill/NBKR)". Churchill Archives Centre. Retrieved 2 June 2007. (timeline of Noel-Baker's life, and index to his papers held at Churchill Archives Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge)
- Newspaper clippings about Philip Noel-Baker in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW