Philippine Commission

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The Philippine Commission was the name of two bodies, both appointed by the president of the United States, to assist with governing the Philippines.

The first Philippine Commission, also known as the Schurman Commission, was appointed by President William McKinley on January 20, 1899 as a recommendatory body.

The second Philippine Commission, also known as the Taft Commission, was a body appointed by the president to exercise legislative and limited executive powers in the

Jones Act of 1916 ended the commission, replacing it with an elected Philippine Senate
as the legislature's upper house.

First Philippine Commission

Main article: Schurman Commission

On January 20, 1899, President McKinley appointed the First Philippine Commission (the Schurman Commission),[1] a five-person group headed by Dr. Jacob Schurman, president of Cornell University, to investigate conditions in the islands and make recommendations. In the report that they issued to the president the following year, the commissioners acknowledged Filipino aspirations for independence; they declared, however, that the Philippines was not ready for it. Specific recommendations included the establishment of civilian government as rapidly as possible (the American chief executive in the islands at that time was the military governor), including establishment of a bicameral legislature, autonomous governments on the provincial and municipal levels, and a system of free public elementary schools.[2]

Second Philippine Commission

Philippine Commission
(or the Second Philippine Commission)
Type
Type
Philippine Senate
Leadership
Main article: Taft Commission

From Philippines:

A Country Study by Ronald E. Dolan:[2]

The Second Philippine Commission (the Taft Commission), appointed by McKinley on March 16, 1900,

Insular Government
, administered the country until 1935.

Marker, Session Road

"The

Philippine Organic Act of July 1902 stipulated that... a Philippine Legislature would be established composed of a lower house, the Philippine Assembly, which would be popularly elected, and an upper house consisting of the Philippine Commission. The two houses would share legislative powers, although the upper house alone would pass laws relating to the Moros and other non-Christian peoples. The act also provided for extending the United States Bill of Rights to Filipinos and sending two Filipino resident commissioners to Washington to attend sessions of the United States Congress. In July 1907, the first elections for the assembly were held, and it opened its first session on October 16, 1907."[4][6]

Membership

Leaders

The body was led by the governor-general of the Philippines:

Other members

Secretary of finance and justice:

Name Month started Month finished
Secretaries of finance and justice
Henry Clay Ide September 1, 1901 September 24, 1906
James Francis Smith September 25, 1906 June 30, 1908
Gregorio S. Araneta July 1, 1908 October 30, 1913
Victorino Mapa November 1, 1913 January 14, 1917

Secretary of the Interior:

Name Month started Month finished
Secretaries of the Interior
Dean C. Worcester
 September 1, 1901 1913
Winfred Denson 1913 1916

Secretary of commerce and police:

Name Month started Month finished
Secretaries of commerce and police
Luke Edward Wright September 1, 1901 February 1, 1904
William Cameron Forbes February 1, 1904 1909
Charles Elliott 1910 1913
Clinton L. Riggs 1913 1915
Eugene Reed
 1915 1916

Secretary of public instruction:

Name Term started Term finished
Secretaries of public instruction
Bernard Moses September 1, 1901 1902
James Francis Smith 1902 September 28, 1906
W. Morgan Shuster
 September 28, 1906 1909
Newton W. Gilbert 1909 1915
Henderson Martin 1915 1916

Philippine members (1901–1909):

Name Term started Term finished
Philippine members of the Philippine Commission
Benito Legarda September 1, 1901 December 21, 1907
Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera
 September 1, 1901 March 1, 1909
Jose Ruiz de Luzuriaga
 September 1, 1901 1913

Philippine members (1909–1913):

Name Term started Term finished
Philippine members of the Philippine Commission
Rafael Palma December 21, 1907 1913
Juan Sumulong March 1, 1909 1913
Jose Ruiz de Luzuriaga
 September 1, 1901 1913
Gregorio S. Araneta 1909 1913

See also

References and notes

  1. ^ Halili 2004, p. 174.
  2. ^ a b Dolan 1993.
  3. ^ a b Halili 2004, p. 179.
  4. ^ a b Dolan 1993, p. 28.
  5. ISBN 978-0-8369-0922-7
    .
  6. ^ "The Philippine Bill of July 1902". Filipiniana.net. July 1, 1902. Archived from the original on February 28, 2009. Retrieved January 7, 2008.

Bibliography

Further reading

External links

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