Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh
ភ្នំពេញ | ||
---|---|---|
Mekong river | ||
Governor Khuong Sreng (CPP) | | |
• National Assembly | 12 / 125
| |
Area | ||
• Total | 679 km2 (262 sq mi) | |
• Rank | 24th | |
Elevation | 11.89 m (39.01 ft) | |
Population (2019 census)[4] | ||
• Total | 2,281,951 | |
• Rank | 1st | |
• Density | 3,361/km2 (8,700/sq mi) | |
• Rank | 1st | |
Demonyms |
| |
Time zone | UTC+07:00 (ICT) | |
Area code | +855 (023) | |
HDI (2019) | ||
Website | phnompenh |
Phnom Penh | |
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Khmer name | |
Khmer | ភ្នំពេញ UNGEGN: Phnum Pénh GD: Phnum Penh ALA-LC: Bhnaṃ Beñ IPA: [pʰnomˈpɨɲ] |
Phnom Penh (/pəˌnɒm ˈpɛn, ˌpnɒm -/;[6][7][8] Khmer: ភ្នំពេញ, Phnum Pénh [pʰnomˈpɨɲ], lit. 'Penh's Hill, Penh's Mountain') is the capital and most populous city of Cambodia. It has been the national capital since the French protectorate of Cambodia and has grown to become the nation's primate city and its economic, industrial, and cultural centre. Before Phnom Penh became capital city, Oudong was the capital of the country.
Phnom Penh succeeded Angkor Thom as the capital of the Khmer nation but was abandoned several times before being reestablished in 1865 by King Norodom. The city formerly functioned as a processing center, with textiles, pharmaceuticals, machine manufacturing, and rice milling. Its chief assets, however, were cultural. Institutions of higher learning included the Royal University of Phnom Penh (established in 1960 as Royal Khmer University), with schools of engineering, fine arts, technology, and agricultural sciences, the latter at Chamkar Daung, a suburb. Also located in Phnom Penh were the Royal University of Agronomic Sciences and the Agricultural School of Prek Leap.[9]
The city was nicknamed the "Pearl of Asia" for its early 20th century colonial French architecture, which included
On the banks of the
The city has hosted numerous regional and international events, the most notable being the 2002, 2012, and 2022 ASEAN Summit, the 32nd Southeast Asian Games, and the 12th ASEAN Para Games. Phnom Penh will be the first Cambodian city and the second city in Southeast Asia to host the Asian Youth Games in 2029.[13]
Etymology
Phnom Penh (lit. "Penh's hill") takes its name from the present
Phnom Penh's former official name is Krong Chaktomuk Serei Mongkol (Khmer: ក្រុងចតុមុខសិរីមង្គល, lit. "city of Brahma's faces"), in its short form as Krong Chaktomuk (lit. "city of four faces"). Krong Chaktomuk is an abbreviation of the full name, given to it by King Ponhea Yat: Krong Chaktomuk Mongkol Sakal Kampuchea Thipadei Serei Theakreak Bavar Intabat Borei Roat Reach Seima Moha Nokor (Khmer: ក្រុងចតុមុខមង្គលសកលកម្ពុជាធិបតី សិរីធរបវរ ឥន្ទបត្តបុរី រដ្ឋរាជសីមាមហានគរ [kɾoŋ catomuk mɔŋkɔl sakɑl kampuciətʰəpaɗəj serəj tʰeareaɓɑːʋɑː ʔenteapat ɓorəj rɔətʰariəcsəjmaː mɔhaːnɔkɔː]). This loosely translates as "the place of four rivers that gives the happiness and success of the Khmer Kingdom, the highest leader as well as impregnable city of the God Indra of the great kingdom".[15]
History
The initial settlement of Phnom Penh is believed to have been established since the 5th century AD, according to the discovery of ancient kiln site in Choeung Ek commune of Dangkao district, southern part of central Phnom Penh in the early 2000s. Choeung Ek archaeological site was one of the largest kiln pottery center in Cambodia and the earliest known kiln sites in Southeast Asia to produce the ceremonial vessels known as kendi from 5th to 13th century. Archaeologist stated that a large community is surrounded by a circular earthwork structure that is 740 metres in diameter and 4 metres high, built in the 11th century. In addition, there are remnants of other ancient village infrastructure, irrigation system, inscription, Shiva linga as well as an ancient brick temple foundation and its ornate remains which dated back to Funan era.[2][16]
First recorded a century after it is said to have taken place, the legend of the founding of Phnom Penh tells of a local woman, Penh (commonly referred to as Daun Penh (Lady Penh in Khmer), living at Chaktomuk, the future Phnom Penh. It was the late 14th century, and the Khmer capital was still at Angkor near Siem Reap 350 km (217 mi) to the north. Gathering firewood along the banks of the river, Lady Penh spied a floating koki tree in the river and fished it from the water. Inside the tree she found four Buddha statues and one of Vishnu.
The discovery was taken as a divine blessing, and to some a sign that the Khmer capital was to be brought to Phnom Penh from Angkor.[citation needed] To house the new-found sacred objects, Penh raised a small hill on the west bank of the Tonle Sap River and crowned it with a shrine, now known as Wat Phnom at the north end of central Phnom Penh. "Phnom" is Khmer for "hill" and Penh's hill took on the name of the founder, and the area around it became known after the hill.
Phnom Penh first became the capital of Cambodia after
Phnom Penh remained the royal capital for 73 years, from 1432 to 1505. It was abandoned for 360 years (from 1505 to 1865) by subsequent kings due to internal fighting between the royal
It was not until 1866, under the reign of King
By the 1920s, Phnom Penh was known as the "Pearl of Asia", and over the next four decades, Phnom Penh continued to experience rapid growth with the building of railways to
During the
The Khmer Rouge were driven out of Phnom Penh by the People's Army of Vietnam in 1979,[24] and people began to return to the city. Vietnam is historically a state with which Cambodia has had many conflicts, therefore this liberation was and is viewed with mixed emotions by the Cambodians. A period of reconstruction began, spurred by the continuing stability of government, attracting new foreign investment and aid by countries including France, Australia, and Japan. Loans were made from the Asian Development Bank and the World Bank to reinstate a clean water supply, roads and other infrastructure. The 1998 Census put Phnom Penh's population at 862,000;[25] and the 2008 census was 1.3 million.[26] By 2019, its population reached over 2.2 million, based on general population census.[4]
Geography
Phnom Penh is in the south-central region of Cambodia, and is fully surrounded by the Kandal province. The municipality is on the banks of the Tonlé Sap, Mekong, and Bassac Rivers. These rivers provide freshwater and other natural resources to the city. Phnom Penh and the surrounding areas consist of a typical flood plain area for Cambodia. Although Phnom Penh is at 11.89 metres (39 ft) above the river, monsoon season flooding is a problem, and the river sometimes overflows its banks.
The city, at 11°33′00″N 104°55′00″E / 11.55°N 104.91667°E (11°33' North, 104°55' East),[27] covers an area of 678.46 square kilometres (262 sq mi), with some 11,401 hectares (28,172 acres) in the municipality and 26,106 ha (64,509 acres) of roads. The agricultural land in the municipality amounts to 34.685 km2 (13 sq mi) with some 1.476 km2 (365 acres) under irrigation.
Climate
Phnom Penh has a
Climate data for Phnom Penh (temperature: 1988–2013, extremes: 1906–2013) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.1 (97.0) |
38.1 (100.6) |
40.0 (104.0) |
40.5 (104.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.2 (102.6) |
37.2 (99.0) |
37.8 (100.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.1 (97.0) |
34.4 (93.9) |
37.2 (99.0) |
40.5 (104.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.6 (88.9) |
33.2 (91.8) |
34.6 (94.3) |
35.3 (95.5) |
34.8 (94.6) |
33.8 (92.8) |
32.9 (91.2) |
32.7 (90.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
31.4 (88.5) |
31.1 (88.0) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.9 (91.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.6 (79.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.7 (83.7) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
26.3 (79.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
22.8 (73.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.6 (78.1) |
24.9 (76.8) |
24.8 (76.6) |
24.6 (76.3) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.2 (75.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
19.0 (66.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.6 (69.1) |
21.2 (70.2) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.7 (62.1) |
14.4 (57.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.1 (0.48) |
6.6 (0.26) |
34.8 (1.37) |
78.8 (3.10) |
118.2 (4.65) |
145.0 (5.71) |
162.1 (6.38) |
182.7 (7.19) |
270.9 (10.67) |
248.1 (9.77) |
120.5 (4.74) |
32.1 (1.26) |
1,411.9 (55.58) |
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 3.4 | 6.8 | 15.9 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 21.5 | 19.3 | 10.2 | 4.5 | 137.3 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
73 | 71 | 71 | 73 | 77 | 78 | 80 | 81 | 84 | 84 | 78 | 73 | 77 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 260 | 226 | 267 | 240 | 202 | 192 | 143 | 174 | 129 | 202 | 213 | 242 | 2,490 |
Source 1: Deutscher Wetterdienst[28] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Danish Meteorological Institute (sun, 1931–1960)[29] |
Administration
Phnom Penh is an autonomous municipality of area 678.46 square kilometres (261.95 sq mi) with a government status equal to that of the provinces. The autonomous municipality is subdivided into 14 administrative divisions called
Phnom Penh is governed by the governor who acts as the top executive of the city as well as overseeing the Municipal Military Police, Municipal Police, and Bureau of Urban Affairs. Below the governor is the first vice governor and five vice governors. The chief of cabinet, who holds the same status as the vice governors, heads the cabinet consisting of eight deputy chiefs of cabinet who in turn are in charge of the 27 administrative departments. Every khans also has a chief.[31]
Phnom Penh administrative sections | |||||
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ISO code | Name | Khmer | Quarters | Villages | Population |
1201 | Chamkar Mon |
ខណ្ឌចំការមន | 5 | 40 | 70,772 |
1202 | Doun Penh |
ខណ្ឌដូនពេញ | 11 | 134 | 155,069 |
1203 | Prampir Makara |
ខណ្ឌប្រាំពីរមករា | 8 | 66 | 71,092 |
1204 | Tuol Kouk |
ខណ្ឌទួលគោក | 10 | 143 | 145,570 |
1205 | Dangkao |
ខណ្ឌដង្កោ | 12 | 81 | 159,772 |
1206 | Mean Chey |
ខណ្ឌមានជ័យ | 7 | 59 | 248,464 |
1207 | Russey Keo | ខណ្ឌឫស្សីកែវ | 7 | 30 | 274,861 |
1208 | Sen Sok |
ខណ្ឌសែនសុខ | 6 | 47 | 182,903 |
1209 | Pou Senchey |
ខណ្ឌពោធិ៍សែនជ័យ | 7 | 75 | 226,971 |
1210 | Chroy Changvar |
ខណ្ឌជ្រោយចង្វារ | 5 | 22 | 159,233 |
1211 | Prek Pnov |
ខណ្ឌព្រែកព្នៅ | 5 | 59 | 188,190 |
1212 | Chbar Ampov |
ខណ្ឌច្បារអំពៅ | 8 | 49 | 164,379 |
1213 | Boeng Keng Kang | ខណ្ឌបឹងកេងកង | 7 | 55 | 66,658 |
1214 | Kamboul | ខណ្ឌកំបូល | 7 | 93 | 75,526 |
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
---|---|---|
1950 | 334,000 | — |
1960 | 398,000 | +1.77% |
1970 | 457,000 | +1.39% |
1975 | 370,000 | −4.14% |
1978 | 32,000 | −55.78% |
1980 | 189,000 | +143.03% |
1985 | 351,000 | +13.18% |
1990 | 634,000 | +12.55% |
1995 | 925,000 | +7.85% |
2000 | 1,284,000 | +6.78% |
2005 | 1,677,000 | +5.49% |
2010 | 2,101,725 | +4.62% |
2019 | 2,129,371[4] | +0.15% |
As of 2019[update], Phnom Penh had a population of 2,129,371 people, with a total population density of 3,136 inhabitants per square kilometre in a 679 square kilometres (262 sq mi) city area.[4] The population growth rate of the city is 3.92%. The city area has grown fourfold since 1979, and the metro area will continue to expand in order to support the city's growing population and economy.
A survey by the National Institute of Statistics in 2017 showed that 95.3% of the population in Phnom Penh are
The official language is Khmer, but English and French are widely used in the city.
The number of slum-inhabitants at the end of 2012 was 105,771, compared with 85,807 at the start of 2012.[33]
Note: As stated in the "History" paragraph (The 1998 Census put Phnom Penh's population at 862,000;[25] and the 2008 census was 1.3 million.[26]) the information collides with the information provided in the "Historical population" table. Needs editing.
Religion
The state religion is
Politics
Phnom Penh is allocated 12 seats in the
Members of Parliament
Name | Political party | |
---|---|---|
1 | Pa Socheatvong | Cambodian People's Party |
2 | Ith Sam Heng | Cambodian People's Party |
3 | Mam Bunheng | Cambodian People's Party |
4 | Ing Kuntha Phavi |
Cambodian People's Party |
5 | Kep Chuktema | Cambodian People's Party |
6 | Hou Sry | Cambodian People's Party |
7 | Krouch Sam An | Cambodian People's Party |
8 | Lauk Kheng | Cambodian People's Party |
9 | Ousman Hasan | Cambodian People's Party |
10 | Cheap Sivon | Cambodian People's Party |
11 | Pich Kimsreang | Cambodian People's Party |
12 | Ly Chheng | Cambodian People's Party |
Economy
Phnom Penh is Cambodia's economic centre as it accounts for a large portion of the Cambodian economy. Double-digit economic growth rates in recent years have triggered an economic boom in Phnom Penh, with new hotels, restaurants, schools, bars, high rises and residential buildings springing up in the city.
The economy is based on commercial interests such as garments, trading, and small and medium enterprises. In the past few years the property business has been booming, with rapidly increasing real estate prices. Tourism is also a major contributor in the capital as more shopping and commercial centres open, making Phnom Penh one of the major tourist destinations in South East Asia along with Siem Reap and Sihanoukville. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council, tourism made up 19.2 percent (US$2,053 million) of Cambodia's GDP in 2009 and accounts for 13.7 percent of total employment.[35] One of the most popular areas in Phnom Penh for tourists is Sisowath Quay, alongside the Tonle Sap River. Sisowath Quay is a five kilometre strip of road that includes restaurants, bars, and hotels.[36]
The US$2.6 billion new urban development, Camko City, is meant to bolster the city landscape. The Bureau of Urban Affairs of Phnom Penh Municipality has plans to expand and construct new infrastructure to accommodate the growing population and economy. High rise buildings will be constructed at the entrance of the city and near the lakes and riverbanks. Furthermore, new roads, canals, and a railway system will be used to connect Camko City and Phnom Penh.[37]
Other projects include:
- Grand Phnom Penh International City (under construction)
- Gold Tower 42 (On hold 32 floors construction begins again in the mid of 2018)
- Kokling super second floor house
- Vattanac Capital Tower
- The Peak
With booming economic growth seen since the 1990s, new shopping venues have opened, such as Sorya Center Point, Aeon Mall Phnom Penh, Aeon Mall Sen Sok City, Aeon Mall Mean Chey and Olympia Mall. Many international brands have opened such as
The tallest skyscraper in Phnom Penh is Vattanac Capital Tower at a height of 188 metres (617 ft), dominating Phnom Penh's skyline with its neighbour skyscraper Canadia Tower (OCIC Tower).[38] The tower was completed in December 2014. Modern high rises have been constructed all around the city, not concentrated in any one particular area.
The Central Market
Education
Universities and colleges
Name | Khmer |
---|---|
American University of Phnom Penh | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអាមេរិកាំងភ្នំពេញ |
BELTEI International University | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យប៊ែលធីអន្តរជាតិ |
Cambodia Academy of Digital Technology | បណ្ឌិត្យសភាបច្ចេកវិទ្យាឌីជីថលកម្ពុជា |
University of Cambodia (UC) | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យកម្ពុជា |
International University (IU) |
សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអន្តរជាតិ |
École Royale d'Administration (ERA) | សាលាភូមិន្ទរដ្ឋបាល |
Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP) | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទភ្នំពេញ |
Royal University of Law and Economics (RULE) | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទនីតិសាស្រ្ត និងវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តសេដ្ឋកិច្ច |
Royal University of Fine Arts (RUFA) | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទវិចិត្រសិល្បៈ |
Royal University of Agriculture (RUA) | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យភូមិន្ទកសិកម្ម |
National University of Management (NUM) | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យជាតិគ្រប់គ្រង |
Institute of Technology of Cambodia (ITC) | វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេកវិទ្យាកម្ពុជា |
Buddhist Institute |
វិទ្យាស្ថានពុទ្ធសាសនបណ្ឌិត្យ |
Royal Academy of Cambodia | រាជបណ្ឌិត្យសភាកម្ពុជា |
Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute | វិទ្យាស្ថានស្រាវជ្រាវ និងអភិវឌ្ឍកសិកម្មកម្ពុជា |
National Institute of Business | វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិពាណិជ្ជសាស្រ្ត |
National Institute of Education | វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិអប់រំ |
National Polytechnic Institute of Cambodia | វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិពហុបច្ចេកទេសកម្ពុជា |
National Technical Training Institute | វិទ្យាស្ថានជាតិបណ្តុះបណ្តាលបច្ចេកទេស |
Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យបញ្ញាសាស្ត្រកម្ពុជា |
Preah Sihanouk Raja Buddhist University | ពុទ្ធិកសាកលវិទ្យាល័យព្រះសីហនុរាជ |
Prek Leap National College of Agriculture | សាលាជាតិកសិកម្មព្រែកលៀប |
University of Health Sciences | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យវិទ្យាសាស្រ្តសុខាភិបាល |
University of Puthisastra | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យពុទ្ធិសាស្ត្រ |
Preah Kosomak Polytechnic Institute | វិទ្យាស្ថានពហុបច្ចេកទេសព្រះកុសុមៈ |
Limkokwing University of Creative Technology | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យ លីមកុកវីង[39] |
Industrial Technical Institute | វិទ្យាស្ថានបច្ចេកទេសឧស្សាហកម្ម |
Paragon International University | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអន្តរជាតិផារ៉ាហ្គន |
Institute For Development of Economy (IDE) | វិទ្យាស្ថានអភិវឌ្ឍន៍សេដ្ឋកិច្ច |
Western University[40] | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យវេស្ទើន |
Student Development Institute (SDI) | វិទ្យាស្ថានអភិវឌ្ឍន៍និស្សិត |
Asia Euro University | សាកលវិទ្យាល័យអាស៊ី អឺរ៉៉ុប |
Primary schools, secondary schools, and high schools
Name | Name in Khmer |
---|---|
Bak Touk High School | វិទ្យាល័យបាក់ទូក |
Chaktomuk Secondary School | អនុវិទ្យាល័យចតុមុខ |
Chbar Ampov High School | វិទ្យាល័យច្បារអំពៅ |
Chea Sim Boeng Kang Kang High School | វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមបឹងកេងកង |
Chea Sim Chroy Changvar High School | វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមជ្រោយចង្វារ |
Chea Sim Samaky High School | វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមសាមគ្គី |
Chea Sim Santhormok High School | វិទ្យាល័យជាស៊ីមសន្ធរម៉ុក |
Hun Sen-Bun Rany Phsar Daeum Thkov High School | វិទ្យាល័យហ៊ុនសែនប៊ុនរ៉ានីផ្សារដើមថ្កូវ |
Indradevi High School | វិទ្យាល័យឥន្ទ្រទេវី |
Lycée Sisowath | វិទ្យាល័យព្រះស៊ីសុវត្ថិ |
Tuol Svay Prey High School | វិទ្យាល័យទួលស្វាយព្រៃ |
Wat Koh High School | វិទ្យាល័យវត្តកោះ |
International schools
Supplementary and extra schools
English | Original Name |
---|---|
Japanese Supplementary School of Phnom Penh | (プノンペン補習授業校, Punonpen Hoshū Jugyō Kō) |
Rodwell Learning Center | សាលាបង្រៀនគួររ៉ដវែល, Sala Bángriĕn Kuŏr Râdvêl |
The Japanese Supplementary School of Phnom Penh, formerly known in English as the Phnom Penh Japanese School,
Culture
Phnom Penh also has its own dialect of
The city hosts a number of music events throughout the city.
The two most visited museums in the city are the
Cambodian New Year
At this time, Phnom Penh celebrates Cambodian New Year, an occasion increasingly popular with tourists. During this typically hottest part of the year, water gets thrown around adding to the party atmosphere along with dancing and music. The precise date changes year-by-year but this holiday lasts, at least, three days. This festival marks the turn of the year based on the ancient Khmer calendar and also marks the end of the prior year harvest.
Water Festival
The largest annual festival in Phnom Penh, this lively gathering celebrates the reversing of the flow of the Tonlé Sap River. The holiday lasts three days as people flood into the city to enjoy the fireworks, boat races, live concerts, eating and partying. The boat racing dates back to ancient times marking the strengths of the Khmer marine forces during the Khmer Empire.
On November 22, 2010, at least 348 people were crushed to death in a bridge stampede at the festival.[47]
Ancestors' Day
Ancestors' Day, also called Pchum Ben, is a very important aspect of Cambodian culture. It may be translated as "gathering together" to make offerings and is a time of reunion, commemoration, express love and appreciation for one's ancestors. By offering food and good karma to those possibly trapped in the spirit world, living relatives help assuage their misery and guide them back into the cycle of reincarnation.
Visak Bochea
Vesākha is an annual holiday observed traditionally by Buddhists in Cambodia. Sometimes informally called "Buddha's Birthday", it actually encompasses the birth, enlightenment (nirvāṇa), and passing away (Parinirvāna) of Gautama Buddha.
Cityscape and architecture
The oldest structure is
The French, who were the colonial masters from the 19th century to the 1940s, also left their mark, with various colonial villas, French churches,
Starting with independence from the French in the 1950s and lasting until the era of the Khmer Rouge in the 1970s, Phnom Penh underwent tremendous growth as the capital city of a newly independent country.
classes, new suburbs were built in the 1950s and 1960s. Although these buildings survived the Khmer Rouge era and the civil war, today they are under threat due to economic development and financial speculation.[48] Villas and gardens from that era are being destroyed and redeveloped to make place for bigger structures. The landmark National Theatre by Molyvann was razed in 2008.[49] A movement is rising in Cambodia to preserve this modernist heritage. Old villas are sometimes being converted into boutique hotels
Monuments and memorials to the genocide of the Khmer Rouge era in the 1970s are the
The population, foreign investment, and urban development in Phnom Penh grew dramatically during the 1990s and early-2000s. The rapid growth resulted in the city's infrastructure distinctly lacking (the drainage system is particularly notorious, and Phnom Penh frequently floods during the wet season), and a need for both residential and commercial spaces. The simultaneous demand for residential and commercial housing and the increase of international investment has led to the planning, if not construction, of several satellite cities. The largest of these cities are: Grand Phnom Penh International City, CamKo City, Diamond Island City, Boeung Kak Town, and Chruy Cangva City.
On the outskirts of the city, farmland has been developed into garment factories and housing for lower economic classes and those displaced by the new development in the city center.
National Museum, designed in the early-1920s by George Groslier. | Royal Throne Hall, constructed in the 1860s under King Norodom I .
|
Façade, Hotel Le Royal, built in 1929 in the reign of King Sisowath Monivong. | Colonial villa in Phnom Penh.
|
Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction. |
2035 master plan
Originally intended to be completed by 2020, the 2035 master plan[50] is a French-funded project for the development of Phnom Penh. Although the plan was approved by the Ministry of Land Management, Urban Planning and Construction in 2005, it has yet to be ratified by the Cabinet of Cambodia. The original plan details five edge-city projects connected to the historical city centre by waterways and tree-lined corridors.[51]
Media
Dailies
Khmer
- Sralagn' Khmer(Love Khmer)
- Chakraval Daily (Universe)
- Kampuchea Thmei Daily (New Cambodia)
- Kampuchea Tgnai Nis(Cambodia Today)
- Kanychok Sangkhum (Social Reflection)
- Koh Santepheap(Island of Peace)
- Moneaksekar Khmer (Khmer Conscience) – Published by the Sam Rainsy Party.
- Rasmei Kampuchea(Light of Kampuchea) – Cambodia's largest daily, it circulates about 18,000 copies.
- Samleng Yuvachun (Voice of Khmer Youth)
- Udomkate Khmer (Khmer Ideal)
- Wat Phnom Daily (Mount Temple)
English
- Phnom Penh Post, a daily English-language newspaper published in Phnom Penh.
- The Cambodia Daily, an English-language daily newspaper (fled from Cambodia in 2017, still operating online).
- Khmer Times, an English-language daily newspaper.
Chinese
- 《柬華日報》(Jianhua Daily), a daily Chinese-language newspaper published in Phnom Penh.
- 《星洲日報》(Sin Chew Daily), a Chinese-language daily newspaper, the Cambodian edition of the Malaysian Chinese daily of the same name.
- 《華商日報》(Huashang Daily), a Chinese-language daily newspaper.
- 《高棉日报》(Khmer Daily), a Chinese-language daily newspaper.
- 《新柬埔寨》(New Cambodia), a Chinese-language daily newspaper.
Magazines
- AsiaLIFE Guide Phnom Penh, a monthly English-language lifestyle magazine published in Phnom Penh. (Ceased in 2018)
- F Magazine, the first fashion-forward magazine in Cambodia. Bi-lingual, written in English and Khmer.
- SOVRIN Magazine, is the fashion glossy magazine in Cambodia which written in khmer language.
Online news
- Thmey Thmey Phnom Penh[52]
- Sabay News Phnom Penh[53]
- Fresh News Phnom Penh[54]
Sport
The martial arts of
The most prominent sporting venue in the city is the
In footballing ventures, Phnom Penh is formally represented by
The National Sports Centre of Cambodia hosts swimming, boxing, and volleyball competitions. Noted local football clubs include
Transport
Phnom Penh International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Cambodia. It is seven kilometres west of central Phnom Penh. The airport is connected to the city center by taxi, train, and shuttle bus. The airport is set to be replaced with the new Techo Takhmao International Airport in 2025.
Cambodia's national flag carrier, Cambodia Angkor Air, launched in 2009, is headquartered in Phnom Penh and has its main hub there, with an additional hub at the Angkor International Airport.[57]
Air France used to serve Phnom Penh from Paris-Charles de Gaulle but this service has since stopped. Qatar Airways now flies to and from Phnom Penh, via Saigon.
Taxis, pick-ups, and minibuses leave the city for destinations all over the country, but are fast losing ground to cheaper and more comfortable buses. Phnom Penh also has a rail service.
There are numerous bus companies, including
The city is Cambodia's main freshwater port, a major port on the
Public transport
Phnom Penh is served by air conditioned public buses. Initial attempts by the Japanese government to develop a Phnom Penh bus service began in 2001. An update of the
Highways
As the capital of Cambodia, a number of national highways connect the city with various parts of the country:
National Highway | Code | Length | Origin | Terminal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
National Highway 1 | 10001 | 167.10 km | 103.83 mi | Phnom Penh | Vietnamese Border |
National Highway 2 | 10002 | 120.60 km | 74.94 mi | Phnom Penh | Vietnamese Border |
National Highway 3 | 10003 | 202.00 km | 125.52 mi | Phnom Penh | Veal Renh |
National Highway 4 | 10004 | 226.00 km | 140.43 mi | Phnom Penh | Sihanoukville |
National Highway 5 | 10005 | 407.45 km | 253.18 mi | Phnom Penh | Thai Border |
National Highway 6 | 10006 | 416.00 km | 258.49 mi | Phnom Penh | Banteay Meanchey
|
National Highway 7 | 10007 | 509.17 km | 316.38 mi | Skun (Cheung Prey District) | Lao Border |
Water supply
Water supply in Phnom Penh has improved dramatically in terms of access, service quality, efficiency, cost recovery and governance between 1993 and 2006. The number of customers has increased ninefold, service quality has improved from intermittent to continuous supply, water losses have been cut dramatically and the city's water utility went from being bankrupt to making a modest profit.
Twin towns – sister cities
Phnom Penh is twinned with:
- Bangkok, Thailand[62]
- Beijing, China[63]
- Busan, South Korea[64]
- Chongqing, China[65]
- Hanoi, Vietnam[66]
- Hefei, China[67]
- Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam[68]
- Incheon, South Korea[69]
- Kitakyushu, Japan[70]
- Kunming, China[71]
- Long Beach, United States[72]
- Lowell, United States[73]
- Shanghai, China[74]
- Shenzhen, China[75]
Notable people
- George Groslier, French polymath, historian, archaeologist
- King of Cambodia
- Patricia Hy-Boulais, professional tennis player
- Preap Sovath, Cambodian singer
- Theavy Mok (born 1963), first plastic surgeon in Cambodia
- Phal Sophorn, champion pradal serey boxer
See also
- List of markets in Phnom Penh
- Special Economic Zones of Cambodia
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Bibliography
- Groslier, B.P. (2006). Angkor And Cambodia In the Sixteenth Century. Bangkok: Orchid Press.
- Igout, Michel; Dubuisson, Serge (1993). Phnom Penh Then and Now. Bangkok: White Lotus. OCLC 29795478.
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- Leroy, Joakim; Hoskin, John (2005). AZU's Dreams of Cambodia. Phnom Penh. Hong Kong: AZU Editions Ltd. OCLC 62328690.
- Kolnberger, Thomas (2020). Continuity and change: Transformations in the urban history of Phnom Penh, Cambodia, in: Southeast Asian Transformations. Urban and Rural Developments in the 21st Century, pp. 219–239, ed. by S. Kurfürst and S. Wehner. Transcript (Bielefeld). hdl:10993/43963.
External links
- Official city website
- Time in Phnom Penh
- Phnom Penh travel guide from Wikivoyage
- 560229438 Phnom Penh on OpenStreetMap
- Geographic data related to Phnom Penh at OpenStreetMap