Phosphocreatine
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IUPAC name
N-Methyl-N-(phosphonocarbamimidoyl)glycine
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Other names
Creatine phosphate; phosphorylcreatine; creatine-P; phosphagen; fosfocreatine
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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Abbreviations | PCr |
1797096 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.000.585 |
EC Number |
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KEGG |
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PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C4H10N3O5P | |
Molar mass | 211.114 g·mol−1 |
Pharmacology | |
C01EB06 (WHO) | |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Warning | |
H315, H319, H335 | |
P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, P501 | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Phosphocreatine, also known as creatine phosphate (CP) or PCr (Pcr), is a
Chemistry
In the kidneys, the enzyme
Phosphocreatine is able to donate its phosphate group to convert adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process is an important component of all vertebrates' bioenergetic systems. For instance, while the human body only produces 250 g of ATP daily, it recycles its entire body weight in ATP each day through creatine phosphate.
Phosphocreatine can be broken down into creatinine, which is then excreted in the urine. A 70 kg man contains around 120 g of creatine, with 40% being the unphosphorylated form and 60% as creatine phosphate. Of that amount, 1–2% is broken down and excreted each day as creatinine.
Phosphocreatine is used intravenously in hospitals in some parts of the world for cardiovascular problems under the name Neoton, and also used by some professional athletes, as it is not a controlled substance.
Function
Phosphocreatine can anaerobically donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during the first five to eight seconds of a maximal muscular effort.[citation needed] Conversely, excess ATP can be used during a period of low effort to convert creatine back to phosphocreatine.
The reversible phosphorylation of creatine (i.e., both the forward and backward reaction) is catalyzed by several
The cell's ability to generate phosphocreatine from excess ATP during rest, as well as its use of phosphocreatine for quick regeneration of ATP during intense activity, provides a spatial and temporal buffer of ATP concentration. In other words, phosphocreatine acts as high-energy reserve in a coupled reaction; the energy given off from donating the phosphate group is used to regenerate the other compound - in this case, ATP. Phosphocreatine plays a particularly important role in tissues that have high, fluctuating energy demands such as muscle and brain.
History
The discovery of phosphocreatine
References
- PMID 16236486.
- ISBN 978-3-527-31787-5.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-309-03938-3.
- PMID 16743804.
- PMID 17807679.