Physalis peruviana
Physalis peruviana | |
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Ripe orange fruits | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Solanales |
Family: | Solanaceae |
Genus: | Physalis |
Species: | P. peruviana
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Binomial name | |
Physalis peruviana | |
Synonyms[1] | |
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Physalis peruviana is a species of plant in the nightshade family (Solanaceae) native to Chile and Peru.[2] Within that region, it is called aguaymanto, uvilla or uchuva, in addition to numerous indigenous and regional names. In English, its common names include Cape gooseberry, goldenberry and Peruvian groundcherry.[2][3][4][5]
The history of P. peruviana cultivation in South America can be traced to the
Taxonomy and common names
Physalis peruviana was given a botanical
It was grown in
Description
P. peruviana is closely related to the tomatillo.[2] As a member of the plant family Solanaceae, it is also more distantly related to a large number of edible plants, including tomatoes, eggplants, and potatoes.[2]
P. peruviana is an
The fruit is a round, smooth berry, resembling a miniature yellow tomato 1.25–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) wide.[3] Removed from its calyx, it is bright yellow to orange in color, and sweet when ripe, with a characteristic, mildly tart grape-like flavor.[2]
A prominent feature is the inflated, papery
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz) | |
---|---|
Energy | 222 kJ (53 kcal) |
11.2 g | |
0.7 g | |
1.9 g | |
Niacin (B3) | 18% 2.8 mg |
Vitamin C | 12% 11 mg |
Minerals | Quantity %DV† |
Calcium | 1% 9 mg |
Iron | 6% 1 mg |
Phosphorus | 3% 40 mg |
Other constituents | Quantity |
Water | 85.4 g |
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults.[14] |
Nutrition
Raw cape gooseberries are 85% water, 11%
.Analyses of
Distribution and habitat
The center of genetic diversity for Physalis peruviana is in the
Cultivation
It has been widely introduced into cultivation in tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas such as Australia, China, India, Malaysia, and the Philippines.
The plant is readily grown from seeds, which are abundant (100 to 300 in each fruit), but with low germination rates, requiring thousands of seeds to sow a hectare.[2] Plants grown from year-old stem cuttings will flower early and yield well, but are less vigorous than those grown from seed.[2]
Pests and diseases
In South Africa,
Uses
Culinary
P. peruviana is an economically useful crop as an exotic exported fruit, and is favored in breeding and cultivation programs of many countries.[3] P. peruviana fruits are marketed in the United States as goldenberry and sometimes Pichuberry, named after Machu Picchu in order to associate the fruit with its cultivation in Peru.[19]
Cape gooseberries are made into fruit-based sauces, pies, puddings, chutneys, jams and ice cream, or eaten fresh in salads and fruit salads.[2] In Latin America, it is often consumed as a batido or smoothie,[20] and because of its showy husk, it is used in restaurants as a decorative garnish for desserts. To enhance its food uses, hot air drying improves qualities of dietary fiber content, texture and appearance.[21]
In basic research on fruit maturation, the content of polyphenols and vitamin C varied by cultivar, harvest time, and ripening stage.[22]
Potential for toxicity
Unripe raw fruits, flowers, leaves, and stems of the plant contain solanine and solanidine alkaloids that may cause poisoning if ingested by humans, cattle or horses.[23][24]
See also
- Physalis pubescens (a closely related species with sprouts that are noticeably less hairy)
References
- ^ "Physalis peruviana L." The Plant List. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Morton JF (1987). "Cape gooseberry, Physalis peruviana L. in Fruits of Warm Climates". Purdue University, Center for New Crops & Plant Products.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Physalis peruviana (Cape gooseberry)". Invasive Species Compendium, CABI. 2018. Retrieved 1 January 2018.
- ISBN 978-0-309-07461-2.
- ^ "Physalis". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
- ^ (Cailes 1952; Legge 1974a)
- Royal Society of New Zealand. 1986. p. 425.
- ^ "Physalis peruviana L., Sp. Pl., ed. 2. 2: 1670 (1763)". ipni.org. International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
- ^ "Discover the aguaymanto, one of the best foods produced in Peru". peru.info. Retrieved 2020-07-29.
- ^ "Uchuvas". flavorsofbogota.com. 30 May 2019. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
- ^ Carpio, Cristina Pettersen (2021-07-10). "Ecuadorian fruit: uvilla - Ecuador". Visit Ecuador and South America. Retrieved 2023-02-25.
- ^ von Mueller, Ferdinand. Select Extra-Tropical Plants Readily Eligible For Industrial Culture Or Naturalization, With Indications Of Their Native Countries And Some Of Their Uses. Detroit, Michigan: G.S. Davis, 1884. Page 229. May be obtained from Amazon or downloaded from:https://archive.org/details/selectextratropi00muel
- ^ Loudon, Jane Wells. Botany for Ladies, Or, a Popular Introduction to the Natural System of Plants. Pub: J. Murray (1842)
- ^ United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". Retrieved 2024-03-28.
- PMID 12568557.
- ISSN 2709-8583.
- ^ "Fr. Visminlu Vicente L. Chua, S.J., Philippine Fruits. Published online: 1 September 2015". Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2017.
- PMID 30764458.
- ^ Galarza, Daniella (2013-06-18). "This Goose(berry) is Cooked: Let's Talk About the Pichuberry". Los Angeles Magazine. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
- ^ "Five amazing natural juices with Colombian fruit and vegetables". colombia.co. 29 May 2019. Retrieved 2020-08-09.
- PMID 25829613.
- PMID 25131258.
- ^ "Physalis". North Carolina State University, Extension Gardener. 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ "Ground cherry, Chinese lantern". Guide to Poisonous Plants, Colorado State University. 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2023.