Piciformes

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Piciformes
Temporal range:
Early Eocene
to present
Red-crowned woodpecker
Melanerpes rubricapillus rubricapillus
female, Tobago
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Picodynastornithes
Order: Piciformes
Meyer & Wolf, 1810
Suborders and families

For prehistoric taxa, see text

Synonyms

Galbuliformes Fürbringer, 1888

Nine

genera with a little over 450 species
, of which the Picidae make up about half.

In general, the Piciformes are insectivorous, although the

altricial
young.

Systematics

The Galbulidae and Bucconidae are often separated into a distinct Galbuliformes order. Analysis of

paraphyletic with regard to the toucans and hence, the formerly all-encompassing Capitonidae have been split up.[2] The woodpeckers and honeyguides are each other's closest relatives.[3] According to some researchers,[4] the entire order Piciformes should be included as a subgroup in Coraciiformes
.

Evolution

Primozygodactylus, a zygodactylid bird

Reconstruction of the evolutionary history of the Piciformes has been hampered by poor understanding of the evolution of the zygodactyl foot. A number of prehistoric families and genera, from the Early

Neotropical families have their origin in the Old World
.

Classification

Piciformes 

Bucconidae
– Puff birds

Galbulidae
– Jacamars

Indicatoridae
– Honeyguides

Picidae
– Woodpeckers

Megalaimidae – Asian barbets

Lybiidae – African barbets

Semnornithidae
– Toucan barbets

Capitonidae
– New World barbets

Ramphastidae
– Toucans

Relationships between the families based on a phylogenetic study by Claramunt and Cracraft published in 2015.[7]

Order: PICIFORMES

  • Unassigned (all fossil)
    • Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. IRScNB Av 65 (Early Oligocene of Boutersem, Belgium)
    • Piciformes gen. et sp. indet. SMF Av 429 (Late Oligocene of Herrlingen, Germany)
  • Suborder Galbuli
    • Family
      Galbulidae
      – jacamars (18 species)
    • Family
      Bucconidae
      – puffbirds, nunbirds and nunlets (some 38 species)
  • Suborder Pici
    • Unresolved and
      basal taxa (all fossil
      )
    • Infraorder Ramphastides
      • Family Megalaimidae – Asian barbets (about 34 species)
      • Family Lybiidae – African barbets (about 43 species)
      • Family
        Capitonidae
        – New World barbets (about 15 species)
      • Family
        Semnornithidae
        – toucan barbets (2 species)
      • Family
        Ramphastidae
        – toucans (about 43 species)
    • Infraorder Picides
      • Family
        Indicatoridae
        – honeyguides (16 species)
      • Family
        Picidae
        – woodpeckers, piculets and wrynecks (around 240 species)

See also

References

  1. ISBN 1-85391-186-0
    .
  2. JSTOR 4088602
    .
  3. doi:10.1034/j.1600-048X.2003.03103.x
    .
  4. S2CID 6472805
    .
  5. ^ Described in 1870, its name is preoccupied by a subgenus of Cryptocephalus leaf beetles described in 1835.
  6. ^ Cracraft, Joel & Morony, John J. Jr. (1969). "A new Pliocene woodpecker, with comments on the fossil Picidae" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (2400): 1–8.
  7. PMID 26824065
    .
  8. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(69)80005-7
    .

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Piciformes.
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