Pierre André Latreille
Pierre André Latreille | |
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Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle | |
Author abbrev. (zoology) | Latreille |
Pierre André Latreille (French pronunciation: [pjɛʁ ɑ̃dʁe latʁɛj]; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom after recognising a rare beetle species he found in the prison, Necrobia ruficollis.[1]
He published his first important work, Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, in 1796, and was eventually employed by the
Latreille was considered the foremost entomologist of his time, and was described by one of his pupils as "the prince of entomologists".
Biography
Early life
Pierre André Latreille was born on 29 November 1762 in the town of
He studied initially in Brive and in Paris at the Collège du Cardinal-Lemoine attached to the University of Paris to become a priest.[2] He entered the Grand Séminaire of Limoges in 1780, and left as a deacon in 1786. Despite being qualified to preach, Latreille later wrote that he had never carried out his functions as a minister, although for a few years he signed the letters he wrote "l'Abbé Latreille" ("the Reverend Latreille") or "Latreille, Prêtre" ("Latreille, Priest").[2]
Even during his studies, Latreille had taken on an interest in
Necrobia ruficollis
After the fall of the
When the prison's doctor inspected the prisoners, he was surprised to find Latreille scrutinising a beetle on the dungeon floor.
Thereafter, Latreille lived as a teacher and corresponded with various entomologists, including Fabricius. In 1796, and with Fabricius' encouragement, Latreille published his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes at his own expense. He was briefly placed under
First Empire
Following the death of the entomologist
Later years
From 1824, Latreille's health deteriorated. He handed his lectures over to
Latreille's wife became ill in 1830 and died in May of that year; the date of Latreille's marriage is unclear, and his request to be released from his
Commemoration
The Société entomologique raised the money to pay for a monument to Latreille. This was erected over Latreille's grave at Père Lachaise Cemetery (39th division),[8] and comprised a 9-foot (2.7 m) obelisk with various inscriptions, including one to the beetle which had saved Latreille's life: "Necrobia ruficollis Latreillii salvator" ("Necrobia ruficollis, Latreille's saviour").[3]
As testimony to the high esteem in which Latreille was held, many books were dedicated to him, and up to 163 species were named in his honour between 1798 and 1850.[2] Taxa commemorating Latreille include:[9]
- Lumbrineris latreilli Audouin & H. Milne-Edwards, 1833
- Cecrops latreillii Leach, 1816
- Apseudes latreillii (H. Milne-Edwards, 1828)
- Orbinia latreillii (Audouin & H. Milne-Edwards, 1833)
- Latreillia Roux, 1830
- Cilicaea latreillei Leach, 1818
- Bittium latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826)
- Macrophthalmus latreillei (Desmarest, 1822)
- Eurypodius latreillei Guérin, 1828
- Sphex latreillei Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1831
Work
Latreille produced a significant body of scientific work, extending across several fields. He was described by
Taxonomy and systematics
Latreille was significant as the first person to attempt a natural classification of the arthropods.[10] His "eclectic method" of systematics incorporated evidence from all available characters without assuming a pre-defined goal; Latreille repeatedly dismissed anthropocentrism and teleology.[2]
As well as many species and countless genera, the names of many higher taxa are also attributable to Latreille, including Thysanura, Siphonaptera, Ostracoda, Stomatopoda, Xiphosura, and Myriapoda.[2]
Typification
Although Latreille named many species, his primary interest was in describing genera.[2] He introduced the concept of the "type species", a species to which the name of a genus is firmly attached.[2] Similarly, he favoured the method of naming families after one of the constituent genera, rather than some defining feature of the group, implicitly designating a type genus for the family.[2]
References
- ^ "Pierre André Latreille: The Entomologist Who Escaped Death Because of a Beetle". amusingplanet.com. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
- ^ .
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87169-240-5.
- ^ Bory de Saint-Vincent, Correspondence, published and annotated by Philippe Lauzun, Maison d’édition et imprimerie moderne, 1908. (Read online)
- .
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 5 April 2021.
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ISBN 978-2-914611-48-0), p. 476-477
- ^ Hans G. Hansson. "Pierre André Latreille". Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names. Göteborgs Universitet. Archived from the original on 27 October 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2011.
- ISBN 978-0-521-82149-0.