Pietro Perugino
Pietro Perugino | |
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The Delivery of the Keys | |
Movement | Italian Renaissance |
Pietro Perugino (US: /ˌpɛrəˈdʒiːnoʊ, -ruːˈ-/ PERR-ə-JEE-noh, -oo-,[1][2][3] Italian: [ˈpjɛːtro peruˈdʒiːno]; born Pietro Vannucci or Pietro Vanucci;[4] c. 1446/1452 – 1523), an Italian Renaissance painter of the Umbrian school, developed some of the qualities that found classic expression in the High Renaissance. Raphael became his most famous pupil.
Early years
Pietro Vannucci was born in Città della Pieve, Umbria, the son of Cristoforo Maria Vannucci. His nickname characterizes him as from Perugia, the chief city of Umbria. Scholars continue to dispute the socioeconomic status of the Vannucci family. While certain academics maintain that Vannucci worked his way out of poverty, others argue that his family was among the wealthiest in the town.[5] His exact date of birth is not known, but based on his age at death that was mentioned by Vasari and Giovanni Santi, it is believed that he was born between 1446 and 1452.[5]
Pietro most likely began studying painting in local workshops in Perugia such as those of Bartolomeo Caporali or Fiorenzo di Lorenzo.[5] The date of the first Florentine sojourn is unknown; some make it as early as 1466-1470, others push the date to 1479.[5] According to Vasari, he was apprenticed to the workshop of Andrea del Verrocchio alongside Leonardo da Vinci, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Lorenzo di Credi, Filippino Lippi, and others. Piero della Francesca is thought to have taught him perspective form. In 1472, he must have completed his apprenticeship since he was enrolled as a master in the Confraternity of St Luke. Pietro, although very talented, was not extremely enthusiastic about his work.[6]
Perugino was one of the earliest Italian practitioners of
Rome
Perugino returned from Florence to Perugia, where his Florentine training showed in the
Between 1486 and 1499, Perugino worked mostly in Florence, making one journey to Rome and several to Perugia, where he may have maintained a second studio. He had an established studio in Florence, and received a great number of commissions. His Pietà (1483–1493) in the Uffizi is an uncharacteristically stark work that avoids Perugino's sometimes too easy sentimental piety.
According to
Later career
In 1499, the guild of the cambio (money-changers or bankers) of Perugia asked him to decorate their audience-hall, the
Perugino was made one of the
Perugino's last
Vasari is the main source stating that Perugino had very little religion and openly doubted the soul's immortality. Perugino in 1494 painted his own portrait, now in the
In 1495, he signed and dated a Deposition for the Florentine convent of Santa Chiara (
In the chapel of the Disciplinati of Città della Pieve is an
Among his pupils were Raphael, upon whose early work Perugino's influence is most noticeable,
Monuments
Perugia dedicated an important monument to Perugino built in 1923 by the sculptor Enrico Quattrini and today visible in the Carducci Gardens.
Major works
- The Delivery of the Keys (1481–1482) — Fresco, 335 × 600 cm, Sistine Chapel, Vatican City
- Crucifixion (the National Gallery, Washington
- Uffizi Gallery, Florence
- Cathedral of Saint Romulus of Fiesole - altarpiece, Fiesole, Italy
- Annunciation of Fano (c. 1488–1490) -Oil on panel, 212x172 cm, church of Santa Maria Nuova, Fano
- Portrait of Lorenzo di Credi (1488) -Oil on panel transferred to canvas, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
- St. Sebastian (c. 1490) — Oil on panel, 174 × 88 cm, Nationalmuseum, Stockholm
- St. Sebastian (c. 1490–1500) — Panel, 176 × 116 cm, Louvre, Paris
- St. Sebastian (after 1490) — Oil on wood, 110 × 62 cm, Galleria Borghese, Rome
- The Virgin appearing to St. Bernard (c. 1490–1494) — Oil on wood, 173 × 170 cm, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
- Albani Torlonia Altarpiece (1491) - Tempera on panel, 174 x 88 cm, Torlonia Collection, Rome
- Madonna with Child Enthroned between Saints John the Baptist and Sebastian(1493) - Oil on panel, 178x164 cm, Uffizi Gallery, Florence
- St. Petersburg
- Portrait of Francesco delle Opere (1494) - Oil on panel, 52 x 44 cm, Uffizi Gallery, Florence
- Certosa di Pavia Altarpiece (1496–1500) - Oil on panel, 52 x 44 cm, National Gallery, London
- Decemviri Altarpiece (1497) -Oil on panel, 193x165 cm, Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome
- Fano Altarpiece (1497) -Oil on panel, 262x215 cm, church of Santa Maria Nuova, Fano
- Pinacoteca Vaticana, Rome
- Vallombrosa Altarpiece (1500) -Oil on panel, 415x246 cm, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence
- Tezi Altarpiece (c. 1500) -Oil on panel, 180x158 cm, Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, Perugia
- Madonna in Glory with Saints (c. 1500–1501) -Oil on panel, 330x265 cm, Pinacoteca Nazionale di Bologna
- Musée des Beaux-Arts, Caen
- St. Sebastian Bound to a Column (c. 1500–1510) — Oil on canvas, 181 × 115 cm, São Paulo Museum of Art, São Paulo, Brazil
- Annunziata, Florence
- The Nativity: the Virgin, St. Joseph, and the Shepherds adoring the Infant Christ (c. 1522) — Fresco Victoria & Albert Museum, London
- Ascension of Christ (Sansepolcro Altarpiece; c. 1510) - Oil on panel, 332.5 x 266 cm, Sansepolcro Cathedral
- Saint Bartholomew (1512–1523) – Oil on Panel, 89 x 71 cm, Part of polyptych Birmingham Museum of Art
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Assumption of the Virgin (c. 1506)
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Decemviri Altarpiece (1495)
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The Virgin and Child with Saints Jerome and Francis (c. 1507)
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Virgin and Child between Saints Rosa and Catherine (c. 1493)
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Detail, Madonna
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Detail, Prophets and Sibyls, fresco
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Detail, Prophets and Sibyls, fresco
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Detail, The Delivery of the Keys, fresco
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Portrait of a boy(1495)
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Portrait of Francesco delle Opere
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Detail, Madonna with Child
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Portrait of Lorenzo di Credi
See also
- Berto di Giovanni (1475–1529) – a pupil of Perugino
References
- ^ "Perugino". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ "Perugino". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ "Perugino". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
- ^ Vasari, Giorgio (1897) [1550]. "Pietro Perugino, Painter". In Blashfield, Edwin Howland; Blashfield, Evangeline Wilbour; Hopkins, Albert Allis (eds.). Lives of Seventy of the Most Eminent Painters, Sculptors and Architects. Vol. 2. Translated by Foster, Mrs. Jonathan. London: C. Scribner's sonsGeorge Bell and Sons. p. 316. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ ISBN 88-8117-099-X.
- ISSN 1747-3594.
- ^ Becherucci, Luisa (1969). The Complete Work of Raphael. New York: Reynal and Co., William Morrow and Company. p. 12.
- ^ Becherucci, Luisa (1969). The Complete Work of Raphael. New York: Reynal and Co., William Morrow and Company. p. 14.
- ^ a b c Catalogo dei quadri che si conservano nella Pinacoteca Vannucci in Perugia, by Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria, (1903).
Sources
- public domain: Rossetti, William Michael (1911). "Perugino, Pietro". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). p. 279-280. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1911). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
External links
- Media related to Pietro Perugino at Wikimedia Commons
- Pietro Perugino at the National Gallery of Art