Pisces in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae

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Main article: 10th edition of Systema Naturae

In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus described the Pisces as:[1]

Always inhabiting the waters; are swift in their motion and voracious in their appetites. They breathe by means of gills, which are generally united by a bony arch; swim by means of radiate fins, and are mostly covered over with cartilaginous scales. Besides the parts they have in common with other animals, they are furnished with a nictitant membrane, and most of them with a swim-bladder, by the contraction or dilatation of which, they can raise or sink themselves in their element at pleasure.

Linnaean Characteristics[1]

  • Heart: 1 auricle, 1 ventricle. Cold, dark red blood
  • Gills: external
  • Jaw: incumbent
  • Penis: (usually) none
  • Eggs: without whites
  • Organs of Sense: tongue, nostrils?, eyes, ears
  • Covering: imbricate scales
  • Supports: fins. Swims in the Water & Smacks.

Apodes

The European eel was named Muraena angvilla in 1758.
Muraena (eels)
Gymnotus (electric knifefishes)
Trichiurus (cutlassfishes)
seawolf
was named Anarhichas lupus in 1758.
Anarhichas (
wolffishes
)
Ammodytes (sand eels)
Stromateus (butterfishes)
Xiphias (swordfishes)

Jugulares

Callionymus (dragonets)
  • Callionymus lyra & Callionymus dracunculus –
    Common Dragonet
  • Callionymus indicus – Bartail flathead
Uranoscopus (stargazers)
  • Uranoscopus scaber –
    Uranoscopus scaber
Trachinus (weevers)
The Atlantic cod was named Gadus morhua & Gadus callarias in 1758.
Gadus (cod & kin)
The butterfly blenny was named Blennius ocellaris in 1758.
Blennius (
blennies
)
Ophidion (
cusk-eels
)

Thoracici

Cyclopterus

Cyclopterus (
Lumpfishes
)
  • Cyclopterus lumpus –
    Cyclopterus lumpus
  • Cyclopterus nudus – Gobiesox nudus

Echeneis

Echeneis (Remoras)

Coryphaena

Coryphaena (
Dolphinfishes
)

Gobius

The black goby was named Gobius niger & Gobius jozo in 1758.
Gobius (Gobies)

Cottus

Cottus (Sculpins)

Scorpaena

Scorpaena (Scorpionfishes)

Zeus

The lookdown was named Zeus vomer in 1758.
Zeus (John Dories & kin)

Pleuronectes

The European plaice was named Pleuronectes platessa in 1758.
Pleuronectes (Flatfishes)

Chaetodon

The Moorish idol was named Chaetodon canescens & Chaetodon cornutus in 1758.
Chaetodon (Butterflyfishes, Angelfishes, & kin)

Sparus

The red porgy was named Sparus orphus & Sparus pagrus in 1758.
Sparus (Breams and Porgies)

Labrus

The goldsinny wrasse was named Labrus suillus & Labrus rupestris in 1758.
Labrus (Wrasses, Parrotfishes, & kin)

Sciaena

Sciaena (Snappers & Croakers)

Perca

The European perch was named Perca fluviatilis in 1758.
Perca (Perch, Grouper, & kin)
  • Perca fluviatilis – European perch
  • Perca lucioperca –
    Sander lucioperca
    )
  • Perca asper – Asper (Zingel asper)
  • Perca labrax –
    Dicentrarchus labrax
    )
  • Perca nilotica –
    Oreochromis niloticus
    )
  • Perca marina –
    Serranus scriba
    )
  • Perca nobilis – Barred grunt (Conodon nobilis)
  • Perca polymna –
    Amphiprion polymnus
    )
  • Perca cottoides – Marbled stingfish (
    Cottapistus cottoides
    )
  • Perca philadelphica – Centropristis philadelphica
  • Perca mediterranea – Axillary wrasse (
    Symphodus mediterraneus
    )
  • Perca vittata –
    Plectorhinchus vittatus
    )
  • Perca punctata – Coney (Cephalopholis fulva)
  • Perca guttata – Red hind (Epinephelus guttatus)
  • Perca scriba –
    Serranus scriba
    )
  • Perca venenosa –
    Mycteroperca venenosa
    )
  • Perca melanura – Cottonwick grunt (Haemulon melanurum)
  • Perca gibbosa –
    Lepomis gibbosus
    )
  • Perca saltatrix – Kyphosus sectatrix
  • Perca stigma
  • Perca diagramma – Striped sweetlips (Plectorhinchus diagrammus)
  • Perca striata – Striped grunt (Haemulon striatum)
  • Perca lineata – Yellowbanded sweetlips (Plectorhinchus lineatus)
  • Perca rhomboidalis –
    Archosargus rhomboidalis
    )
  • Perca cernua –
    Gymnocephalus cernua
    )
  • Perca schraetser – Striped ruffe
    Gymnocephalus schraetser
  • Perca argentea – Terapon theraps
  • Perca cabrilla –
    Serranus cabrilla
    )
  • Perca radula

Gasterosteus

The red lionfish was named Gasterosteus volitans in 1758.
flying gurnard
was named Gasterosteus spinarella & Trigla volitans in 1758.
Gasterosteus (
Sticklebacks
& kin)

Scomber

The Atlantic mackerel was named Scomber scombrus in 1758.
Scomber (Mackerel & Tuna)

Mullus

Mullus surmuletus
in 1758.
Mullus (Goatfishes)

Trigla

Trigla (
Sea robins
)
  • Trigla cataphracta – Peristedion cataphractum
  • Trigla lyra – Piper gurnard
  • Trigla gurnardus –
    Grey gurnard
  • Trigla cuculus –
    East Atlantic red gurnard
  • Trigla lucerna –
    Tub Gurnard
  • Trigla hirundo –
    Chelidonichthys gabonensis
  • Trigla asiatica
  • Trigla volitans –
    Flying gurnard

Abdominales

Cobitis (Loaches)
The walking catfish was named Silurus batrachus in 1758.
Silurus (Catfishes)
Loricaria (Suckermouth Catfishes)
The Atlantic salmon was named Salmo salar in 1758.
The brown trout was named Salmo eriox, Salmo trutta, Salmo fario & Salmo lacustris in 1758.
Salmo (Salmon, Trout, & kin)
Fistularia (Cornetfishes)
The longnose gar was named Esox osseus in 1758.
Esox (Pike, Gar, and kin)
Argentina (
Herring smelts
)
  • Argentina sphyraena –
    European argentine
Atherina (Silversides)
Mugil (Mullet)
  • Mugil cephalus –
    Flathead mullet
Exocoetus (Flying fishes)
Polynemus (Threadfins)
The European anchovy was named Clupea encrasicolus in 1758.
Clupea (
Hatchetfishes
, & kin)
common carp
was named Cyprinus carpio in 1758.
Cyprinus (Carp & kin)
  • Cyprinus barbus –
    Common barbel
  • Cyprinus carpio –
    Common carp
  • Cyprinus gobio – Gobio gobio
  • Cyprinus americanus – Menticirrhus americanus
  • Cyprinus carassius – Crucian carp
  • Cyprinus tinca – Tench
  • Cyprinus cephalus –
    European chub
  • Cyprinus auratus – Goldfish
  • Cyprinus niloticus
  • Cyprinus phoxinus & Cyprinus aphya – Common minnow
  • Cyprinus leuciscus, Cyprinus dobula, & Cyprinus grislagine – Common dace
  • Cyprinus idbarus, Cyprinus idus, Cyprinus orfus, & Cyprinus jeses – Ide
  • Cyprinus rutilus – Common roach
  • Cyprinus erythrophthalmus – Common rudd
  • Cyprinus nasus –
    Common Nase
  • Cyprinus aspius – Asp
  • Cyprinus alburnus –
    Common Bleak
  • Cyprinus vimba – Vimba bream
  • Cyprinus dentex – Alestes dentex
  • Cyprinus brama –
    Carp bream
  • Cyprinus cultratus –
    Ziege
  • Cyprinus bjoerkna – Silver bream
  • Cyprinus farenus & Cyprinus ballerus –
    Blue bream

Branchiostegi

queen triggerfish
was named Balistes vetula in 1758.
Mormyrus (Elephantfishes)
Balistes (Triggerfishes)
The yellow boxfish was named Ostracion tuberculatus & Ostracion cubicus in 1758.
Ostracion (Boxfishes & Cowfishes)
Tetraodon (Pufferfishes & Sunfishes)
The long-spine porcupinefish was named Diodon holocanthus in 1758.
Diodon (Porcupinefishes)
Centriscus (Shrimpfishes)
Syngnathus (
Seahorses
)
  • Syngnathus typhle –
    Broad-nosed pipefish
  • Syngnathus acus –
    Common pipefish
  • Syngnathus pelagicus – Pelagic pipefish
  • Syngnathus aequoreus –
    Entelurus aequoreus
  • Syngnathus ophidion & Sygnathus barbarus –
    Nerophis ophidion
  • Syngnathus hippocampus – Short-snouted seahorse
Pegasus (Seamoths)

References

  1. ^ a b Carl von Linné, translated by William Turton (1806). Volume 1. A general system of nature: through the three grand kingdoms of animals, vegetables, and minerals, systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties. London: Lackington, Allen, and Co.
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