Plan of Iguala
Plan of Iguala | |
---|---|
Iguala, Mexico | |
Signatories | Agustín de Iturbide, Vicente Guerrero |
Purpose | Establish the form of Mexican independence |
The Plan of Iguala,
The two main figures behind the Plan were
, ratifying the Plan of Iguala, and thus confirming Mexico's independence.The Plan, a compromise, introduced new ideas and preserved others.[5] For example, it established a new army, but it preserved the constitutional right of all males to vote regardless of origin, race, or economic condition, which had been enshrined in the Constitution of 1812 and which was in force at the time of the Plan.[6]
Three Guarantees
The Plan of Iguala established three central principles for the nascent Mexican state: the primacy of
The document explicitly includes all residents of Mexico's geographic territory among its citizens: the preamble refers to "Americans, under which term are included not only those born in America, but Europeans, Africans and Asians who reside in it," and Article 12 states: "All the inhabitants of the Mexican Empire, without any other distinction besides merit and virtue, are suitable citizens to apply for any employment," or "All the inhabitants of New Spain, without any distinction between Europeans, Africans, nor Indians, are citizens of this Monarchy with option to all employment depending on their merit and virtues," depending on the copy.[7][8]
Aftermath
Although the Spanish Viceroy had ratified the Treaty of Córdoba, the Spanish Congress meeting in Madrid on 13 February 1822 repudiated the Treaty as "illegal, null, and void." The Mexican government, however, insisted upon O'Donojú's acceptance of the Plan as legally establishing the country's independence and sovereignty. Spain responded with a series of efforts to reconquer Mexico over the following decade. It eventually recognized Mexico's independence on 28 December 1836 by the Santa María–Calatrava Treaty, signed in Madrid by the Mexican Commissioner, Miguel Santa Maria, and the Spanish state minister, Jose Maria Calatrava.[9][10]
Following the fall of Iturbide's empire, the Mexican Congress abrogated both the Plan of Iguala and the Treaty of Córdoba as the basis for the government on 8 April 1823. Instead, a new constitutional convention was called which led to the adoption of the 1824 Constitution of Mexico on 4 October 1824.
See also
- Mexican War of Independence
- Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire
- Plans in Mexican history
- History of democracy in Mexico
References
- ^ Portillo, Luis. "Plan de Iguala". Historia Universal. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ "Plan de Iguala de 24 de Febrero de 1821" (PDF). cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx. Retrieved Dec 22, 2018.
- ^ ARENAL Jaime Del, "la independencia de la entonces llamada América Septentrional", Instituto de México En España
- ^ "La Revolución de Independencia", en Historia General de México, Versión 2000, El Colegio de México, 2009, p. 519.
- ISSN 0185-0172. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
El Plan de Iguala ofrecía de esta manera un compromiso, una manera de conservar un gobierno constitucional representativo
- ISSN 2007-0616. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
No importaba si se era indígena, mestizo o blanco, culto o analfabeta, rico o pobre, todos los que cumplieran los requisitos señalados por la Constitución podrían votar.
- ^ McKeehan, Wallace L. "Plan of Iguala and Treaty of Cordova". Sons of DeWitt Colony Texas. Archived from the original on 26 August 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- hdl:1911/9226. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
- ISBN 9789683802958.
- ^ "Tratado Definitivo de Paz entre Mexico y España" (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on Nov 19, 2021.
External links
- Plan de Iguala and other relevant documents (English & Spanish versions)
- "Plan for Independence of América Septentrional (Mexico)". World Digital Library. Archived from the original on Oct 17, 2021.