Plantaginaceae
Plantaginaceae | |
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Scoparia dulcis | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Plantaginaceae Juss.[1] |
Type genus | |
Plantago | |
Tribes | |
Synonyms[2] | |
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Plantaginaceae, the plantain family, is a large, diverse family of flowering plants in the order Lamiales that includes common flowers such as snapdragon and foxglove. It is unrelated to the banana-like fruit also called "plantain." In older classifications, Plantaginaceae was the only family of the order Plantaginales, but numerous phylogenetic studies, summarized by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, have demonstrated that this taxon should be included within Lamiales.
Overview
The plantain family as traditionally circumscribed consisted of only three genera:
A group of genera including Lindernia has now been segregated[4][5] as the family Linderniaceae,[6] which is recognized by Haston et al. 2007 (also known as LAPG II) as "Post-APG II family".
Plantaginaceae sensu lato (in the broad sense) are a diverse,
The leaves are spiral to opposite and simple to compound. Unusual in Lamiales is the absence of vertical partitions in the heads of the glandular hairs.
The structure and form of the
The fruit is a loculicidal capsule, dehiscing through the partitions between the cells.[7]
Genera
The enlarged Plantaginaceae consists of 94 genera and about 1,900 species.[8] The largest genus is Veronica, with about 450 species. Veronica also includes the genera Hebe, Parahebe and Synthyris, formerly often treated as distinct. All genera of Plantaginaceae were formerly included in Scrophulariaceae except where otherwise stated.
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Although GRIN includes Lafuentea Lag. in the tribe Antirrhineae,[10] in the phylogenetic analysis of Fernández-Mazuecos et al. (2013)[22] it was a sister to the Antirrhineae, as also noted by Albach (2005).[4] For the time being it should be considered an outgroup.
Excluded genera
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References
- hdl:10654/18083. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
- ^ "Family: Plantaginaceae Juss., nom. cons". Germplasm Resources Information Network. 2003-01-17. Archived from the original on 2011-07-04. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ Olmstead, Richard G. (2002). "Whatever happened to the Scrophulariaceae?" (PDF). Fremontia. 30: 13–22.
- ^ PMID 21652407.
- JSTOR 25065369.
- S2CID 260252656.
- JSTOR 25065731.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - .
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Angelonieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ a b "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Antirrhineae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Callitricheae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- JSTOR 2423949. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Cheloneae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Digitalideae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Globularieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Gratioleae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Hemiphragmeae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Plantagineae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Russelieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Sipthorpieae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- ^ "GRIN Genera of Plantaginaceae tribe Veroniceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- S2CID 85302392.
- ^ "GRIN genera sometimes placed in Plantaginaceae". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Archived from the original on 2004-11-18. Retrieved 2011-04-28.
- Olmstead, R. G., dePamphilis, C. W., Wolfe, A. D., Young, N. D., Elisons, W. J. & Reeves P. A. (2001). "Disintegration of the Scrophulariaceae". American Journal of Botany. 88 (2): 348–361. PMID 11222255.)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
Bibliography
External links
- Media related to Plantaginaceae at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Plantaginaceae at Wikispecies
- Treatment of Plantaginaceae in MOBOT