Plantar fascia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Plantar fascia
Muscles of the sole of the foot. First layer (closest to the skin on the sole of the foot). Plantar aponeurosis visible at top center.
Details
Identifiers
Latinaponeurosis plantaris
TA98A04.7.03.031
TA22718
FMA45171
Anatomical terminology

The plantar fascia or plantar aponeurosis

metatarsal bones (the bone between each toe
and the bones of the mid-foot).

Anatomy

Anatomical diagrams illustrating the components of the plantar fascia.
Dissection of the plantar aponeurosis:
LP, lateral part; CP, central part; MP, medial part; L, length; W, width.
Five central part plantar aponeurosis bundles.

The plantar fascia is the thick central portion of the fascia investing the plantar muscles. It extends between the medial process of the tuber calcanei

phalanges of[citation needed] the toes. It provides some attachment to the flexor muscles of the toes.[1]

Distally, the plantar fascia becomes continuous with the fibrous sheaths enveloping the flexor tendons passing to the toes. At the anterior extremity of the sole - inferior to the heads of the metatarsal bones - the plantar aponeurosis forms the

superficial transverse metatarsal ligament.[2]

Structure

The plantar fascia is made up of predominantly longitudinally oriented collagen fibers. There are three distinct structural components: the medial component, the central component (plantar aponeurosis), and the lateral component (see diagram at right). The central component is the largest and most prominent.

Development

In younger people the plantar fascia is also intimately related to the

dorsiflexed, the plantar fascia tightens via the windlass mechanism. If a tensile force is then generated in the Achilles tendon it will increase tensile strain in the plantar fascia. Clinically, this relationship has been used as a basis for treatment for plantar fasciitis, with stretches and night stretch splinting being applied to the gastrocnemius/soleus muscle
unit.

Function

The effect of dorsiflexing the toes on arch height (A). The windlass mechanism (B).

The plantar fascia contributes to support of arch of the foot by acting as a tie-rod, where it undergoes tension when the foot bears weight. One

longitudinal arch of the foot. By modeling it was predicted such conditions would result in a 17% increase in vertical displacement and a 15% increase in horizontal elongation of the foot when it was loaded at 683 newtons (154 lbf).[4] Surgical release also significantly increases both stress in the plantar ligaments and plantar pressures under the metatarsal heads. Although most of the figures mentioned above are from either cadaver
studies or investigations using models, they highlight the relatively large load the plantar fascia is subjected to while contributing to the structural integrity of the foot.

Gait

The plantar fascia also has an important role in dynamic function during

proximal phalanx
.

Clinical significance

Plantar fasciitis

Main article: Plantar fasciitis
  • Plantar fasciitis is an often painful degenerative process of the plantar fascia.
    • Calcaneal spur (heel spur) is a small calcified bone extension (osteophyte) located on the inferior aspect of the calcaneus or on the back of the heel at the insertion of the Achilles tendon. The condition is typically a response to plantar fasciitis over a period of time. It may also be related to ankylosing spondylitis, typically in children.

Other

Additional images

  • The plantar fascia (also known as the plantar aponeurosis) is located superficially plantar side of the foot.
    The plantar fascia (also known as the plantar aponeurosis) is located superficially plantar side of the foot.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plantar fascia.
This article uses anatomical terminology.

References

  1. ^ a b c "aponeurosis plantaris". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2023-06-10.
  2. ISBN 978-1496347213
    .
  3. S2CID 45264072
    .
  4. S2CID 19194412
    .
  5. S2CID 2829705
    .
  6. ^ "Plantar Fascial Tears". American Foot & Leg Specialists. 2016-10-17. Retrieved 2018-04-23.

External links

Look up plantar fascia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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