Platanus orientalis
Platanus orientalis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Platanaceae |
Genus: | Platanus |
Species: | P. orientalis
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Binomial name | |
Platanus orientalis | |
Distribution map |
Platanus orientalis, the Old World sycamore or Oriental plane,[2] is a large, deciduous tree of the Platanaceae family, growing to 30 m (98 ft) or more,[3] and known for its longevity and spreading crown. In autumn its deep green leaves may change to blood red, amber, and yellow.
Etymology
The species' name means 'eastern' (in comparison, the 'western' plane (or American sycamore) is named Platanus occidentalis). The eastern plane's original distribution was eastward from the Balkans. The tree was called platane in ancient Greek history and literature and by related names in continental Europe. Equally well known in Asia from Anatolia to India and usually called chinar or chenar. Also called as Booyn in Kashmiri language.
Range
The
Description
The oriental plane is found naturally in riverine settings, together with such trees as alder, willow and poplar. However, it is quite capable of survival and success in dry soils once it is established. It can grow into a massive tree with many examples hundreds of years old. Around ten trees are known from the past and present with a diameter of 4 m (13 ft) or more with several specimens around 100 m3 (3,500 cu ft) in total volume.[4]
Like other
Cultivation
The tree is capable of being grown in most temperate latitudes, though it benefits greatly from warm summers. As a very large and wide tree with broad, thick leaves that tend to orient horizontally, it is especially prized for the shade and coolness it provides during the hot season.
It grows best in rich soil in a sunny location[5] and can survive drought well. Although young plants appreciate regular watering.
Other uses
The leaves and bark have been used medicinally. A fabric dye has been made from the twigs and roots. The
Cultural history
Greece
The
Many villages in Greece feature plane trees in their main squares, frequently found alongside them are water springs that in the past would serve as the main water source for the villagers; usually these are quite old trees with their age seen as a point of pride for the local inhabitants. Occasionally the oldest trees exhibit partially hollowed out trunks, with cavities large enough to provide amusement opportunities for local or visiting children and teenagers, and even serving (along with the rest of the tree) as tourist attractions or at least in one occasion a shrine.
Rome
Pliny goes on to describe some legendary plane trees..
Kashmir
Muslim Kashmiris believe that the chinar was brought to the
After the advent of Muslim rule, especially under the
Chinar trees are being felled rapidly in Kashmir,
United Kingdom
In 2011 a specimen planted by Capability Brown at Corsham Court in Wiltshire was identified by The Tree Register of the British Isles as the tree with the greatest known spread in the United Kingdom.[21]
An example dating to at least 1762 is one of Kew Gardens' thirteen 'Heritage Trees'.[22]
The Pococke Garden at Christ Church, Oxford contains a specimen, known as The Pococke Tree, which is understood to have been planted by Edward Pococke from seed he collected in 1636 from Aleppo. With a girth of around 9 metres it is the oldest in the UK.[23][24]
Cultural references
A plane tree is the main theme in the aria
The Chinar leaf is considered a national symbol in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. The government seal continues to include the leaf. Many universities, including the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir also include the symbol.
It is the State tree of the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir.[25] During the 2010 Commonwealth Games opening ceremony, held in India, the chinar tree was featured prominently in the 'tree of knowledge' segment of the ceremony.
The Pococke Tree in the Pococke Garden at Christ Church is thought to be the inspiration for the Tumtum tree in Lewis Carol's poem Jabberwocky.[26]
Gallery
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Foliage
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Bursa, Turkey
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Cambron-Casteau Park, Belgium
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Chinars at theKashmir University in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir during autumn
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Leaf Of Platanus Orientalis (Kashmir)
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The Tresteno Plane, 3.8 m in diameter at breast height, one of the largest volume oriental plane trees.
References
- . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ISBN 978-1405332965.
- ^ "Oriental Planes (Platanus orientalis) worldwide". MonumentalTrees.com. Retrieved 2022-06-03.
- ^ "Platanus orientalis Oriental Plane, Oriental planetree PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ Dina Spector (August 18, 2011). "Incredible Artwork Hand-Carved From Leaves". Business Insider. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ David Moye (August 16, 2011). "Leaf Carving Artists In China Branching Out Into Pop Culture". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 30, 2016.
- ^ XII.3.
- ^ XXIV.29
- ^ XII.5
- ^ Wanchoo, Pran Nath (2001–2002). "Chinar Tree, "Bouin" of Kashmir- Symbol of Goddess Bhawani". Vitasta. XXXV. Archived from the original on 2006-12-05.
- ^ "Prehistoric Archaeology of Kashmir: An Overview".
- ^ "[9]". Official Website of Jammu & Kashmir Tourism. May 19, 2020.
- ^ Rajesh Bhat (2007-12-24). "627-year-old living legend found in Kashmir". Merinews.com.
- S2CID 143772200.
- Daily Pioneer. 16 June 2013.
- ^ "Climate". Official Website of Anantag District. Archived from the original on 2009-03-13.
- ^ "Ban on cutting Chinar trees in Kashmir". The Times of India. 5 March 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012.
- ^ "Where Do Chinar Trees Grow In India". India Gardening. 2019-10-25. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
- ^ "Nasim Bagh". www.gardenvisit.com. Retrieved 2020-10-21.
- ^ "Corsham Court Oriental plane 'most spreading tree in UK'". BBC News. 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2011-07-06.
- ^ "Oriental plane in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, United Kingdom". monumentaltrees.com. Retrieved 7 September 2018.
- ^ "Pococke Garden". Christ Church. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- ^ "Christ Church College's Hidden Gardens". OX Magazine. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
- Know India. Archived from the originalon September 8, 2017.
- ^ "Alice in Gardenland". The Gardens Trust blog. The Gardens Trust. 20 March 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
External links
- Plants for a Future
- Platanus orientalis
- Platanus orientalis - information, genetic conservation units and related resources. European Forest Genetic Resources Programme (EUFORGEN)