Platanus racemosa

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Platanus racemosa
California Sycamore by
Mathias Joseph Alten c. 1929 (Grand Rapids Art Museum
)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Platanaceae
Genus: Platanus
Species:
P. racemosa
Binomial name
Platanus racemosa
Natural range

Platanus racemosa is a species of

springs and seeps, and along streams and rivers in several types of habitats.[1][2][3] It can be found as far north as Tehama and Humboldt
counties.

Description

Three-trunked specimen

This large tree grows to 35 metres (110 ft) in height with a trunk diameter of up to one meter (three feet). The height of these trees ranges from 10 to 35 meters.[4] A specimen on the campus of Stanford University has a trunk girth (circumference) of 10.5 feet (3.20 m).[5] The trunk generally divides into two or more large trunks splitting into many branches. The bark is an attractive patchwork of white, tawny beige, pinkish gray, and pale brown.[6] Both older bark and twigs on this plane sycamore become darker with time. The twigs and bark range from a light brownish gray to a shade resembling the color sepia.

Platanus racemosa is the dominant species in the globally and state endangered sycamore-alluvial woodland habitat.

Examples of the reddish and yellowish green achenes on the Platanus racemosa

The large

leaves may be up to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) centimeters wide and have three or five pointed lobes.[4] New leaves are a bright translucent green and somewhat woolly.[5] The deciduous tree drops copious amounts of dry golden to orangish red leaves in the fall. The inflorescence is made up of a few spherical flower heads each around a centimeter wide. The female flower heads develop into spherical fruit clusters each made up of many hairy, maroon-red-woolly achenes.[1] Depending on the sex, the inflorescence can either be red, if female, or chartreuse, if male. After the female clusters fertilize, the achenes bear a fruit that breaks apart and scatters just as the tree's pollen does.[1][6]

The tough and coarse-grained wood is difficult to split and work. It has various uses, including acting as a meat preparation block for

butchers. Many small birds feed on its fruit, and several mammals eat its twigs and bark. The pollen resulting from the hairs on the leaves and flowers of Western sycamores can be allergens for some people.[7] New leaves are susceptible to anthracnose canker, which, when it causes a side bud to become the new leader, can create picturesque angling trunks and branches on older specimens.[7]

Cultivation

It is also widely planted horticulturally as a

.

Uses

California sycamores are hold wood that is hard to chop yet its wood can still be employed to create a variety of items such as buttons, tobacco boxes, furniture, wooden utensils, barrels, and much more.[1][8] California sycamores often grow in moist, warmer climates such as valleys or deserts and the wide, slanting branches of the tree provide shade as a respite from the heat.[6] This western sycamore's shade cools the surrounding bodies of water while simultaneously offering a home for some animals in the humid environment in which it flourishes.[9]

Ecology

Increased human interference has made the P. racemosa more susceptible to cross-breeding with other Platanus trees. This

fungal diseases, namely the sycamore anthracnose. Interbred California sycamores are less vulnerable to this disease than the original P. racemosa as it harms their wood. However, sycamore anthracnose produces deadwood which creates a habitat for animals like wood ducks. The lack of non-hybridized P. racemosa thus harms the riparian woodlands in which they thrive.[9]

Another disease that that the P. racemoa is particularly receptive to is the Fusarium dieback which is carried and passed on through two kinds of invasive ambrosia beetles. Removing the tree itself is one way to prevent the significant harms of Fusarium dieback from spreading but a mixture of fungicides such as metconazole combined with an insecticide can additionally reduce the number of ambrosia beetles that transmit this disease. Close monitoring is required in order to prevent a substantial beetle infestation from occurring as that would damage the tree to the point of needing removal.[10][4]

Further hybridization between the P. racemosa and P. x hispanica are a threat to the genetic diversity and identity of the former. The disease combatant advantage that the hybrid provides can bring about a decline in the native tree. The ensuing decline and genetic disintegration could not only harm the tree itself, but nesting birds, monarch butterflies, and numerous other small animals that reside or find shelter within the California sycamore's shade. D. Whitlock's study on the RNA of the Platanus trees near the Sacramento River reveals that P. racemosa contains genes from P. x hispanica, which consequently demonstrates the increased erasure of the former.[4]

Platanus racemosa leaves and achenes

See also

  • Big Sycamore Canyon - a place in Ventura County, California with a population of California sycamore trees

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Deardorff, David (1977). "Plant Portraits: California Sycamore (Platanus racemosa)". Garden. 1: 5–7 – via Archive.org.
  2. ^ Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area (N.R.A.), General Management Plan (GMP): Environmental Impact Statement. United States: n.p., 1982.
  3. ^ National Park Service Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area - Riparian Woodlands Archived 2021-05-18 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. National Park Service
  4. ^
    S2CID 254422699
    .
  5. ^ a b "Stanford Trees, Shrubs, and Vines". Archived from the original on 2010-07-13. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  6. ^ .
  7. ^ a b "Californiagardens.com". Archived from the original on 2010-02-11. Retrieved 2010-02-18.
  8. S2CID 84936560
    .
  9. ^ a b Lang, Kylene R. "Microsatellite Development in "Plantanus" for Documenting Gene Flow Among Species". scholarworks.calstate.edu. Retrieved 2023-10-22.
  10. PMID 30673581
    .

External links