Plettenberg Bay

Coordinates: 34°03′S 23°22′E / 34.050°S 23.367°E / -34.050; 23.367
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Plettenberg Bay
Plettenbergbaai
From top, Plettenberg Bay viewed from Robberg Peninsula.
PO box
6600

Plettenberg Bay, nicknamed Plett,

Port Elizabeth and about 600 km from Cape Town
.

History

Middle and Later Stone Age

Keurboomstrand were inhabited for over 100,000 years by Middle Stone Age man and then later by ancestors of the Khoisan, who were possibly the same people who traded with the Portuguese
survivors of the Sao Goncalves shipwreck. Their tools, ornaments and food debris can be viewed in these caves, which are still being excavated.

Colonial period

Replica of the possessional stone erected in 1778 by then VOC governor of the Cape, Baron Joachim van Plettenberg.

Long before Jan van Riebeeck landed at the Cape, Portuguese explorers charted the bay in the 15th and 16th centuries, the first being Bartolomeu Dias in 1487. Ninety years later Manuel de Perestrelo aptly called it Bahia Formosa or the Beautiful Bay. The first European inhabitants were 100 Portuguese sailors marooned here for 9 months when the São Gonçalo sank in the bay in June 1630.[3][4] The survivors built two small boats, one which linked with a passing vessel while the other made it to Mozambique.[4] A stone that they left behind on Beacon Island, known as the Van Plettenberg Stone, is now in the Cape Town museum. In 1763, the first European settlers in the Bay were stock farmers, hunters and frontiersmen from the Western Cape.

A stinkwood navigational beacon was first erected on Beacon Island in 1771. The original was a square block of stinkwood, inscribed with the latitude and longitude of Plettenberg Bay and erected to enable mariners to check their location. It was replaced by a stone one by Captain Sewell in 1881.

The bay housed a barracks for the

rectory for the next 70 years.[5]
Today it is the privately owned Old Rectory hotel & spa

In 1787/88 Johann Jerling erected a timber shed commissioned by the Dutch East India Company; the remains can still be seen and are preserved as a provincial heritage site.[6]

In the 1830s, Plettenberg Bay was a stopping point for ships travelling through during the winter time, heading to India.[6]

As of 1833, the population of Plettenberg Bay was estimated around 400, with half being white, according to diplomat Edmund Roberts who visited the area.[7] Edmund Roberts noted that the bay had a large abundance of cattle and sheep. He also recognized "the excellence of its butter" and a timber industry.[7]

Modern period

A whaling station on Beacon Island closed down in 1916. Parts of the iron slipway are still visible today. A hotel called The Beacon Isle was built on the site of the whaling station. This was replaced by the iconic Beacon Isle Southern Sun Resort which opened for business in December 1972. This building, designed by André Hoffe, has a layered atrium which pays tribute to the Guggenheim Museum of Frank Lloyd Wright.

Between 1960 and 1990 Plettenberg Bay holiday resort expanded dramatically, extending along Robberg Beach ('Millionaire's Row'), and back towards the N2. During the apartheid period property within Plettenberg Bay was designated for whites only, with segregation of the beaches and toilet facilities. New Horizons, across the N2, was designated as a settlement area for coloured people in 1968. As the 1980s progressed informal settlements of Xhosa people grew up around the edges of New Horizons and in the area of KwaNokuthula which became a town.

Although Plettenberg Bay escaped most of the violence associated with the end of apartheid, the assassination of Chris Hani in April 1993 led to a protest march into the town from KwaNokuthula, during which industrial premises on the outskirts of the town were burnt to the ground. Formal segregation ceased with the repeal of the apartheid laws, but the consequences of the previously segregated property ownership remain highly visible to this day.

Ecology

Land ecology

Local vegetation varies from Cape

Knysna-Amatole montane forests
further inland. The best examples of the original indigenous forest are to be found in the gully of the Keurbooms River, home to Knysna Loerie and Fish Eagles. Robberg Peninsula is essentially a Fynbos reserve.

Sea ecology

Robberg Peninsula - a home of seals

Plettenberg Bay hosts one of the largest

seagull breeding colonies along the South African coast at the mouth of the Keurbooms River, named after the indigenous keurboom tree. There are many pelagic birds in the area as well as the endangered African oystercatcher
which live along the shores.

The Keurbooms River estuary is home to the Knysna or Cape Seahorse, Hippocampus Capensis. This is South Africa's only endemic seahorse, and is found only in the estuaries of the Keurbooms, Knysna and Swartvlei rivers. It measures about 12 cm in length, and attaches itself to eel-grass.

The Robberg Peninsula is home to a large

bottlenosed dolphin, the common dolphin and the endangered humpback dolphin
.

The bay falls within the Agulhas Bank ecoregion (bioregion), specifically within the Agulhas inshore ecozone. There has been a long history of sport fishing from the rocks, ski boats launched from Central Beach, or in Keurbooms estuary. The sea life activity both surface and sub-surface varies considerably as either deep water upwelling brings cold water into the Bay, or warm water eddies over from the Agulhas Indian Ocean current offshore.

A distinctive flower-shaped sea shell called a

pansy shell
is endemic to this part of the coast, and is used as the symbol representing the town. Looking for these shells on the beach at low tide is a popular activity amongst visitors and locals alike.

Climate and geography

SA Weather Service Data
Hourly temperatures (Orange = Day, Blue = Night)

Plettenberg Bay is typified by an extremely mild maritime

Knysna Afromontane Forest
biome, containing temperate gallery forest, supported by the mild temperatures and high, evenly distributed rainfall.

  • rainfall: 640 mm per annum.

The bay is defined on the southern end by Cape Seal at the terminus of the Robberg (

Cape Supergroup geological sequence of rocks. To the north, the Tsitsikamma and Langkloof Mountains
keeps the moisture on the southern slopes of the mountains and prevent the temperature extremes of the interior reaching the bay.

Climate data for Plettenberg Bay
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		21
(70) 		19
(66) 		18
(64) 		18
(64) 		18
(64) 		18
(64) 		20
(68) 		21
(70) 		22
(72) 		21
(69)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 18
(64) 		18
(64) 		18
(64) 		16
(61) 		14
(57) 		12
(54) 		12
(54) 		12
(54) 		13
(55) 		14
(57) 		15
(59) 		17
(63) 		15
(59)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 47.2
(1.86) 		47.5
(1.87) 		52.6
(2.07) 		48.2
(1.90) 		50.3
(1.98) 		65.3
(2.57) 		69.8
(2.75) 		60.2
(2.37) 		54.1
(2.13) 		61.6
(2.43) 		62.9
(2.48) 		47.9
(1.89) 		667.6
(26.3)
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		76.8 76.9 76.6 71.9 69.2 64.3 64.7 67.2 71.9 73.9 74.4 76.9 72.1
Average dew point °C (°F) 15.3
(59.5) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.1
(59.2) 		13.8
(56.8) 		11.3
(52.3) 		9.1
(48.4) 		8.3
(46.9) 		8.9
(48.0) 		10.5
(50.9) 		11.6
(52.9) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.2
(57.6) 		12.2
(54.0)
Mean daily daylight hours 14.6 13.7 12.7 12.7 10.8 10.4 10.6 11.3 12.3 13.4 14.4 14.9 12.7
Percent possible sunshine 64.4 63.8 61.1 61.3 60.9 61.5 65 64.5 58.9 59.1 61.6 64.4 62.2
Source: world weather online(2009-2023)[8] Weatherbase(sunhine-dew point-humidity)[9]

Tourism

Robberg peninsula

The town is highly seasonal, with a large proportion of second homes used exclusively during peak holiday periods. Popular with domestic and foreign tourists alike, many make it a stop along the garden route to visit local attractions such as Robberg Peninsula Nature Reserve,

Port Elizabeth Airports are both within 1 and 2.5 hours drive away and offer frequent domestic and select international flights, CemAir also restarted regular direct flights from Plettenberg Bay Aerodrome to Cape Town International Airport and Johannesburg's OR Tambo Airport in 2014, enhancing accessibility by air.[14]

Education

The following primary and secondary schools are located in Plettenberg Bay.

  • Kwa-Nokuthula Primary School
  • Formosa Primary School
  • Harkerville Ek Primary School
  • Kranshoek Primary School
  • Phakamisani Primary School
  • Crags Primary School
  • Plettenberg Bay Primary School
  • Plettenberg Bay Secondary School
  • Murray High School
  • Plettenberg Bay Christian School
  • Wittedrift Primary School
  • Greenwood Bay College
  • Legacy House
  • Wittedrift High School

References

  1. ^ a b c d Sum of the Main Places Bossiesgerf, New Horizons, Kwanokuthula and Plettenberg Bay from Census 2011.
  2. ^ Bekker, Leon (2007-03-09). "Integration make-over for Plet". Fin24. Retrieved 2008-02-26. Not everybody in Plet is satisfied with the project, however. [...] "They feel crowded by the development and believe some parts of the Eastern Cape are still like the Plet they knew," he said.[permanent dead link]
  3. ISBN 1-77009-146-7
    . Retrieved 2008-10-04.
  4. ^ a b D. J. Potgieter, M. A. (1973). Standard Encyclopedia of Southern Africa. Internet Archive. Cape Town. p. 492.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  5. ^ "The Old Rectory » The Van Plettenberg Bay Historical Society". Pletthistory.org. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  6. ^ "The Timber Shed » The Van Plettenberg Bay Historical Society". Pletthistory.org. 1936-09-01. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  7. ^ a b Roberts, Edmund (1837). Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat. New York: Harper & Brothers. pp. 388–389.
  8. ^ "Plettenberg Bay Annual Weather Averages". World Weather Online. Retrieved 1 September 2023.
  9. ^ "Plettenberg Bay, South Africa Travel Weather Averages". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2023-09-01.
  10. ^ "Robberg Nature Reserve - CapeNature". Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  11. ^ "Birds of Eden, largest free flight bird aviary in the world". www.birdsofeden.co.za. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  12. ^ "Ocean Blue Adventures - Whale Watching / Ocean Safaris / Dolphin Encounters in Plettenberg Bay Garden Route". Ocean Blue Adventures. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  13. ^ "Plett Tourism | Accommodation Restaurants Activities Events in Plett". Plett Tourism - Accommodation, events, festivals, restaurants and activities in Plettenberg Bay. Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  14. ^ "CemAir - Flight Times - Plettenberg Bay". www.flycemair.co.za. Retrieved 2016-08-20.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Plettenberg Bay.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Plettenberg Bay.
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