Pleurodira
Pleurodira | |
---|---|
Eastern long-necked turtle Chelodina longicollis | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Reptilia |
Order: | Testudines |
Clade: | Pan-Pleurodira |
Suborder: | Pleurodira Cope, 1865[1] |
Synonyms[2] | |
The Pleurodira are one of the two living
Definition and description
The Pleurodira are identified by the method with which they withdraw their heads into their shells. In these turtles, the neck is bent in the horizontal plane, drawing the head into a space in front of one of the front legs. A larger overhang of the carapace helps to protect the neck, which remains partially exposed after retraction. This differs from the method employed by a cryptodiran, which tucks its head and neck between its forelegs, within the shell.
The different methods of bending the neck require completely different anatomies of the
Pleurodirans also differ from cryptodirans in the emarginations of their skulls. Skull emargination provides room and anchorage for the jaw muscles. The connection points and the position of the emarginations relate to different bones of the skull.
Another difference is in the arrangement of the bones of the shell and the scutes overlaying them. Pleurodiran turtles have 13 scutes on the plastron of the shell, whereas cryptodiran turtles have only 12. The extra scute is called the intergular and is at the front of the plastron between the
Suction feeding
One of the three extant families in this suborder is the family
Taxonomy
After Ferreria, et al. 2018.[15]
- Panpleurodira
- †Dortokidae (extinct) (Early Cretaceous-Paleocene)
- †Platychelyidae (extinct) (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous)
- Pleurodira
- Chelidae
- Pan-Pelomedusoides
- †Araripemydidae (extinct) (Early Cretaceous)
- †Euraxemydidae (extinct)
- Pelomedusoides
- Pelomedusidae
- †Atolchelys (extinct) (Early Cretaceous)
- †Francemys (extinct) (Early Cretaceous)
- †Sahonachelyidae (extinct) (Late Cretaceous)
- †Bothremydidae (extinct) (Early Cretaceous-Miocene)
- Podocnemidoidae
- †Peiropemydidae(extinct)
- Podocnemididae
- †
References
- ^ JSTOR 4624040.
- ISBN 978-0965354097.
- )
- )
- JSTOR 4623931.
- ^ ISBN 9780916984113.
- ^ a b c d Vitt, L. and Caldwell, J. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press. pp. 523–543.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - S2CID 85790134.
- S2CID 15652309.
- ^ a b c Romer, Alfred (1956). Osteology of the Reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 772.
- ^ PMID 11976360.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ "The Paleobiology Database". Paleodb.org. Retrieved 2012-09-24.
- ISSN 1664-2384.
- PMID 34035950.
- PMID 29657780.