Pokémon Red, Blue, and Yellow
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Pokémon Red Version and Pokémon Blue Version are 1996 role-playing video games developed by Game Freak and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy. They are the first installments of the Pokémon video game series. They were first released in Japan in 1996 as Pocket Monsters Red[a] and Pocket Monsters Green,[b] with the special edition Pocket Monsters Blue[c] being released in Japan later that same year. The games were later released as Pokémon Red and Pokémon Blue in North America and Australia in 1998 and Europe in 1999. Pokémon Red and Pokémon Blue combined Red/Green/Blue for release outside of Japan.
Pokémon Yellow Version: Special Pikachu Edition,
The player controls the protagonist from an
Red and Blue were well received with critics praising the multiplayer options, especially the concept of trading. They received an aggregated score of 89% on GameRankings and are considered among the greatest games ever made, perennially ranked on top game lists including at least four years on IGN's "Top 100 Games of All Time". The games' releases marked the beginning of what would become a multibillion-dollar franchise, jointly selling over 300 million copies worldwide. In 2009 they were declared by IGN to be the "Best selling RPG on the Game Boy" and "Best selling RPG of all time".
Gameplay
Pokémon Red and Blue are played in a
The player can use their Pokémon to battle other Pokémon. When the player
Pokémon Red and Blue allow players to trade Pokémon between two cartridges via a Game Link Cable.[9] This method of trading must be done to fully complete the Pokédex since certain Pokémon will only evolve upon being traded and each of the two games have version-exclusive Pokémon.[1] The Link Cable also makes it possible to battle another player's Pokémon team.[9] When playing Red or Blue on a Game Boy Advance or SP, the standard GBA/SP link cable will not work; players must use the Nintendo Universal Game Link Cable instead.[10] Moreover, the English versions of the games are incompatible with their Japanese counterparts, and such trades will corrupt the save files, as the games use different languages and therefore character sets.[11]
As well as trading with each other and Pokémon Yellow, Pokémon Red and Blue can trade Pokémon with the second generation of Pokémon games: Pokémon Gold, Silver, and Crystal. However, there are limitations: the games cannot link together if one player's party contains Pokémon or moves introduced in the second generation games.[12] Also, using the Transfer Pak for the Nintendo 64, data such as Pokémon and items from Pokémon Red and Blue can be used in the Nintendo 64 games Pokémon Stadium[13] and Pokémon Stadium 2.[14] Red and Blue are incompatible with the Pokémon games of the later "Advanced Generation" for the Game Boy Advance and GameCube.[15]
Bugs and glitches
Pokémon Red and Blue are notable for a large quantity of
Plot
Story
The player begins in their hometown of Pallet Town. After venturing alone into the tall grass, the player is stopped by
While visiting the region's cities, the player will encounter special establishments called Gyms. Inside these buildings are Gym Leaders, each of whom the player must defeat in a Pokémon battle to obtain a total of eight Gym Badges. Once the badges are acquired, the player is given permission to enter the Indigo League, which consists of the best Pokémon trainers in the region. There the player will battle the
Setting
Pokémon Red and Blue take place in the region of Kanto, which is based on the real-life Kantō region in Japan. This is one distinct region, as shown in later games, with different geographical habitats for the 151 existing Pokémon species, along with human-populated towns and cities and Routes connecting locations with one another. Some areas are only accessible once the player learns a special ability or gains a special item.[25] Kanto has multiple settlements: Pallet Town, Viridian City, Pewter City, Cerulean City, Vermillion City, Lavender Town, Celadon City, Fuchsia City, Saffron City, Cinnabar Island, and the Indigo Plateau. All of these other than Pallet Town, Lavender Town, and Indigo Plateau have a gym with a leader who serves as a boss, and the battles against the Elite Four and final rival battle occur at Indigo Plateau. Areas in which the player can catch Pokémon range from caves (such as Mt. Moon, Rock Tunnel, Seafoam Islands, and Cerulean Cave) to the sea, where the kinds of Pokémon available to catch varies. For example, Tentacool can only be caught either through fishing or when the player is in a body of water, while Zubat can only be caught in a cave.
Development
The game developer, Satoshi Tajiri, pitched the concept of Pokémon to Nintendo's staff in 1990[26] and was met with skepticism. They believed his ideas were too ambitious and found it difficult to see the appeal. However, Shigeru Miyamoto saw great potential in the idea and convinced the company to go ahead with the project.[27]
The initial concept for Pokémon stemmed from the hobby of insect collecting, a popular pastime which Tajiri enjoyed as a child.[28] While growing up, however, he observed more urbanization taking place in the town where he lived and as a result, the insect population declined. Tajiri noticed that kids now played in their homes instead of outside and he came up with the idea of a video game, containing creatures that resembled insects, called Pokémon. He thought kids could relate with the Pokémon by individually naming them, and then controlling them to represent fear or anger as a good way of relieving stress. However, Pokémon never bleed nor die in battle, only faint – this was a very touchy subject to Tajiri, as he did not want to further fill the gaming world with "pointless violence".[29]
The concept of trading Pokémon was inspired by a frustrating experience Tajiri had while playing
The main characters were named after Tajiri himself as
Originally called Capsule Monsters, the game's title went through several transitions due to trademark difficulties, becoming CapuMon and KapuMon before eventually settling upon Pocket Monsters.[40][41] Tajiri always thought that Nintendo would reject his game, as the company did not really understand the concept at first. However, the games turned out to be a success, something Tajiri and Nintendo never expected, especially because of the declining popularity of the Game Boy.[29]
Tajiri said that the
Music
The music was composed by
Release
In Japan, Pocket Monsters Red and Green were the first versions released. Development was completed by October 1995 and release was originally planned for December 21, 1995,
To create more interest for the games, Tajiri revealed an extra Pokémon called Mew hidden within them, which he believed "created a lot of rumors and myths about the game" and "kept the interest alive".[29] The creature was originally added by Shigeki Morimoto as an internal prank and was not intended to be exposed to consumers.[55] It was not until later that Nintendo decided to distribute Mew through a Nintendo promotional event. However, in 2003 a glitch became widely known and could be exploited so anyone could obtain the elusive Pokémon.[56]
During the North American
As the finished Red and Blue versions were being prepared for release, Nintendo allegedly spent over 50 million dollars to promote the games, fearing the series would not be appealing to American children.[58] The western localization team warned that the "cute monsters" may not be accepted by American audiences, and instead recommended they be redesigned and "beefed-up". Then-president of Nintendo Hiroshi Yamauchi refused and instead viewed the games' possible reception in America as a challenge to face.[59] Despite these setbacks, the reprogrammed Red and Blue versions with their original creature designs were eventually released in North America on September 28, 1998, over two and a half years after Red and Green debuted in Japan.[60][61] The games were received extremely well by the foreign audiences and Pokémon went on to become a lucrative franchise in America.[59] The same versions were later released in Australia sometime later in 1998[62] and in Europe on October 5, 1999[63][64] being the second-to-last video game released for the original Game Boy in Europe with Pokemon Yellow Version: Special Pikachu Edition being the last.
Pokémon Yellow
Two years after Red and Green, Nintendo released Pokémon Yellow, an enhanced version of Red and Blue, in Japan in 1998,
Pokémon Yellow changes and enhances several aspects of the original games. Pikachu is provided as the player's only starter Pokémon and the character is given both a voice and a personality unique from other Pokémon. The character visually follows behind the player on the overworld, and the player can turn around and speak with it. Pikachu can grow to love or hate the player based on their actions; leveling up will keep Pikachu happy, while fainting frequently will make it unhappy. This enhanced feature would be used again in Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver, the remakes of Pokémon Gold and Silver, and Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu! and Let's Go, Eevee!, the remakes of Pokémon Yellow.[70] Yellow includes a "Pikachu's Beach" minigame that is only accessible to players who either won a Nintendo contest or complete a challenge in another game, Pokémon Stadium, and exchange data between the games using the Transfer Pak.[71] Yellow has slightly improved graphics from its predecessors and can print Pokédex entries onto stickers using the Game Boy Printer.[70][72]
Pokémon Yellow was developed by
Pokémon Yellow's release was made to coincide with the release of Pokémon: The First Movie. Future Nintendo president Satoru Iwata later commented that people likely felt Yellow to be unnecessary due to the upcoming release of Pokémon Gold and Silver, which were scheduled to be released in the same year.[74] It was released in Japan on September 12, 1998, in Australia on September 3, 1999,[75] in North America on October 19, 1999, and in Europe on June 16, 2000.[76] It was published by Nintendo. A Pikachu-themed Game Boy Color bundle was released in North America in October 1999.[77] To promote the release of Pokémon Yellow, Volkswagen and Nintendo collaborated to create a yellow Volkswagen New Beetle with some of its features inspired by Pikachu.[78] Nintendo World Report listed Pokémon Yellow as one of the notable handheld releases in 1999.[79]
Re-releases
On the 20th anniversary of the first generation Pokémon games' Japanese release, in February 2016, Nintendo re-released Red, Blue, and Yellow for their
A special Nintendo 2DS bundle was released in Japan, Europe, and Australia on February 27, 2016, with each console matching the corresponding color of the game version.[83] North America received a special New Nintendo 3DS bundle with cover plates styled after Red and Blue's box art.[84]
By March 31, 2016, combined sales of the re-releases reached 1.5 million units with more than half being sold in North America.[85]
Reception
Aggregator | Score |
---|---|
GBOM | Yellow: 95%[96] |
Publication | Award |
---|---|
AIAS 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards | Red, Blue: Outstanding Achievement in Character or Story Development[97] |
The games received mostly positive reviews from critics, holding an aggregate score of 88% on GameRankings.[86] Special praise was given to its multiplayer features: the ability to trade and battle Pokémon with one another. Craig Harris of IGN gave the games a "masterful" 10 out of 10, noting that: "Even if you finish the quest, you still might not have all the Pokémon in the game. The challenge to catch 'em all is truly the game's biggest draw". He also commented on the popularity of the game, especially among children, describing it as a "craze".[1] GameSpot's Peter Bartholow, who gave the games a "great" 8.8 out of 10, cited the graphics and audio as somewhat primitive but stated that these were the games' only drawbacks. He praised the titles' replay value due to their customization and variety and commented upon their universal appeal: "Under its cuddly exterior, Pokémon is a serious and unique RPG with lots of depth and excellent multiplayer extensions. As an RPG, the game is accessible enough for newcomers to the genre to enjoy, but it will entertain hard-core fans as well. It's easily one of the best Game Boy games to date".[6]
The success of these games has been attributed to their innovative gaming experience rather than audiovisual effects. Papers published until 1999 by the Columbia Business School indicate both American and Japanese children prefer the actual gameplay of a game over special audio or visual effects. In Pokémon games, the lack of these artificial effects has actually been said to promote the child's imagination and creativity.[98] "With all the talk of game engines and texture mapping and so on, there is something refreshing about this superlative gameplay which makes you ignore the cutesy 8-bit graphics" commented The Guardian.[99]
During the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences' 2nd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards, Pokémon Red and Blue won the award for "Outstanding Achievement in Character or Story Development", along with receiving nominations for "Console Game of the Year", "Console Role-Playing Game of the Year", and "Outstanding Achievement in Interactive Design".[100][97]
Pokémon Yellow
Pokémon Yellow has been well received by critics, holding an aggregate score of 85% from GameRankings as their fifth highest-rated Game Boy game of all time.[88] The Sarasota Herald-Tribune recommended Yellow as a good game for children.[101] RPGFan called it "so revoltingly addictive that any player of it has no choice but to 'catch 'em all'". They also called Yellow "insulting" in how limited the additions from Red and Blue were.[102] Giving the game a perfect score, IGN's Craig Harris praised the game's mechanics, commenting that Yellow was the best game of the three to start with.[72]
Pokémon Yellow received two nominations for "Game of the Year" and "Console Game of the Year" during the 3rd Annual Interactive Achievement Awards.[105][106]
Sales
Pokémon Red and Blue set the precedent for what has become a blockbuster, multibillion-dollar franchise.[107] In Japan Red, Green, and Blue sold 1.04 million units combined during 1996, and another 3.65 million in 1997. The latter performance made Pokémon, collectively, the country's best-selling game of the year, surpassing Final Fantasy VII.[108] By 1997, about 7 million Game Boy units had been sold in Japan.[109] In 1998, Red, Green and Blue sold 1,739,391 units in Japan.[110] By 1998, 10 million units had been sold in Japan.[111] Pokémon Red, Green and Blue ultimately sold 10.23 million copies in Japan,[112] and until November 2022, was the country's best-selling video games.[113] The video games were accompanied by the Pokémon Trading Card Game; both the video games and card game grossed combined sales revenue of more than $4 billion in Japan, as of 2000[update].[114]
In the United States, it became the fastest-selling Game Boy title, having sold 200,000 copies within two weeks and 4 million units by the end of 1998.[115] It went on to become the best-selling video game of 1999 in the United States, where 6.1 million copies were sold that year.[116] By 2007, it had total combined sales of 9.85 million in the United States.[117] In Europe, the games had grossed €60,388,924 or $64,362,515 (equivalent to $118,000,000 in 2023) in 1999.[118] In France, over 2.5 million copies were sold within a year.[119] In Germany, they became the first video games to receive two Special Prize awards from the Verband der Unterhaltungssoftware Deutschland (VUD) for sales above 2 million copies by early 2001.[120] In the United Kingdom, Red and Blue received two Platinum awards for sales above 600,000 copies.[121]
Worldwide sales reached over 31 million copies sold.[122] It was "the most successful computer game of all time" according to Joseph Tobin in 2004.[123] In 2009, IGN referred to Pokémon Red and Blue as the "Best-selling RPG on the Game Boy" and "Best-selling RPG of all time",[124] while in 2017, Guinness World Records declared the games to be the "Best-selling videogame (excluding bundle sales)."[125]
Pokémon Yellow
In Japan, the game sold 1,549,000 units in 1998, making it the third-best-selling video game of 1998 in Japan.[126]
Before its release in North America, Nintendo anticipated that it would make them $75 million in the 1999 holiday season.[127] The Pokémon Yellow Game Boy Color bundle was predicted to be the second most popular toy of the holiday season.[128] In North America the game received roughly 150,000 pre-orders.[129] The bundle debuted at #2 in video game sales and claimed the #1 spot a week later.[130] The standard cartridge sold over 600,000 units in its first week and one million copies within ten days, becoming the fastest-selling handheld game of all time when it was released.[131] Pokémon: The First Movie, a film released around the same time as Yellow, was expected to give it a sales boost.[132][133] A Nintendo spokesman attributed the high demand for the Game Boy Color during the Christmas season of 1999 to Yellow.[134] For the month of December, Donkey Kong 64 led Pokémon Yellow and Gran Turismo 2 on the monthly chart.[135]
Gwenn Friss of the
For its European launch, 2 million units were shipped across the continent during June 2000, including 500,000 in the United Kingdom.
Legacy
The video game website
For everything that has come in the decade since, it all started right here with Pokémon Red/Blue''. Its unique blend of exploration, training, battling and trading created a game that was far more in-depth than it first appeared and one that actually forced the player to socialize with others in order to truly experience all that it had to offer. The game is long, engrossing and sparkles with that intangible addictiveness that only the best titles are able to capture. Say what you will about the game, but few gaming franchises can claim to be this popular ten years after they first hit store shelves.[35]
The games are widely credited with starting and helping pave the way for the successful multibillion-dollar series.[32] Five years after Red and Blue's initial release, Nintendo celebrated its "Pokémonniversary". George Harrison, the senior vice president of marketing and corporate communications of Nintendo of America, stated that "those precious gems [Pokémon Red and Blue] have evolved into Ruby and Sapphire. The release of Pokémon Pinball kicks off a line of great new Pokémon adventures that will be introduced in the coming months".[155] The series has since sold over 300 million games, all accredited to the enormous success of the original Red and Blue versions.[32][156]
On February 12, 2014, an anonymous Australian programmer launched Twitch Plays Pokémon, a "social experiment" on the video streaming website Twitch. The project was a crowdsourced attempt to play a modified version of Pokémon Red by typing commands into the channel's chat log, with an average of 50,000 viewers participating at the same time. The result was compared to "watching a car crash in slow motion".[157] The game was completed on March 1, 2014, boasting 390 hours of multi-user controlled non-stop gameplay.[158]
In 2017, The Strong National Museum of Play inducted Pokémon Red and Green to its World Video Game Hall of Fame.[159] In October 2021, the Japan Sumo Association formed a partnership with The Pokémon Company to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Pokémon Red and Blue and gyōji (professional sumo referee) were seen wearing Poké Ball-themed kimono during the January 2022 tournament.[160][161]
Remakes
Pokémon FireRed Version
The games received critical acclaim, obtaining an aggregate score of 81 percent on Metacritic.[167] Most critics praised the fact that the games introduced new features while still maintaining the traditional gameplay of the series. Reception of the graphics and audio was more mixed, with some reviewers complaining that they were too simplistic and not much of an improvement over the previous games, Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire. FireRed and LeafGreen were commercial successes, selling a total of around 12 million copies worldwide.[168]
Pokémon: Let's Go, Pikachu![g] and Pokémon: Let's Go, Eevee![h] are enhanced remakes of Pokémon Yellow Version, released in November 2018 for the Nintendo Switch. They were aimed at newcomers to the Pokémon series, and incorporate mechanics from Pokémon Go.[169] The games take place in the Kanto region and include only the original 151 Pokémon from the first generation of Pokémon. The ability for Pokémon to accompany the protagonist in the overworld returns, a feature last seen in Pokémon HeartGold and SoulSilver on the Nintendo DS. However, whereas only one Pokémon could be chosen to follow the protagonist previously, they will additionally be accompanied by the starter Pikachu or Eevee in Let's Go, Pikachu! or Let's Go, Eevee!, respectively.
They have combined global sales of over 13 million copies.[170]
Related games
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Notes
- ^ Japanese: ポケットモンスター 赤, Hepburn: Poketto Monsutā Aka
- ^ Japanese: ポケットモンスター 緑, Hepburn: Poketto Monsutā Midori
- ^ Japanese: ポケットモンスター 青, Hepburn: Poketto Monsutā Ao
- ^ ポケットモンスターピカチュウ, Poketto Monsutā Pikachū, lit. "Pocket Monsters Pikachu"
- ^ ポケットモンスター ファイアレッド, Poketto Monsutā Faiareddo, lit. "Pocket Monsters FireRed"
- ^ ポケットモンスター リーフグリーン, Poketto Monsutā Rīfugurīn, lit. "Pocket Monsters LeafGreen"
- ^ ポケットモンスター Let's Go! ピカチュウ, Poketto Monsutā Let's GO! Pikachū
- ^ ポケットモンスター Let's Go! イーブイ, Poketto Monsutā Let's GO! Ībui
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External links
- Official website (US)
- Official website for Pokémon Red and Green (in Japanese)
- Official website for Pokémon Blue (in Japanese)
- Official website for Pokémon Yellow (in Japanese)