Podgorica

Podgorica Подгорица
Capital city
Glavni grad Podgorica Главни град Подгорица Capital City of Podgorica
Municipal Building Clock Tower Partisans Monument Petrović-Njegoš dynasty Royal Estate Business center Kruševac Independence square
Csa, Cfa
Website	podgorica.me

Podgorica (Подгорица, pronounced

Etymology

Podgorica is written in

Podgorica is at the

The name Podgorica was first mentioned in 1326 in a court document of the Kotor archives. The city was economically strong: trade routes between the Republic of Ragusa and Serbia, well developed at that time, were maintained via the road that led to Podgorica through Trebinje and Nikšić. As a busy crossroads, Podgorica was a vibrant regional center of trade and communication. This boosted its development, economic power, military strength, and strategic importance.^{[citation needed]}

Ottoman Empire

The

Most of today's Montenegro and Podgorica fell under the rule of the Albanian

In 1864, Podgorica became a kaza of the

On 7 October 1874, in a violent reaction over the murder of a local named Juso Mučin Krnić,

The end of the Montenegrin-Ottoman War in 1878 resulted in the Congress of Berlin recognizing vast territories, including that of Podgorica, as part of the newly recognized Principality of Montenegro. At that time there were about 1,500 houses in Podgorica, with more than 8,000 people living there – of Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Muslim faiths flourishing together.

The Petrović and Karađorđević monarchies

After the

After the liberation by the Allies in 1918, the controversial Podgorica Assembly marked the end of Montenegrin statehood, as Montenegro was merged with the Kingdom of Serbia and incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. The population of urban Podgorica during this interwar period was approximately 14,000.^[11]

During the interwar period (1918–1941), Podgorica had public bathrooms as most residents did not have their own.^[11] However, the Imperial hotel built in 1925 had two bathrooms, which was unprecedented at the time.^[11] It was one of at least six hotels built in the city during the interwar period.^[11]

World War II

After the

On 12 July 1946, Josip Broz Tito made one of his early visits to Podgorica from the Radovče hotel, where he spoke to a crowd.^[16] It was the first of fifteen total visits made by Tito to the city after World War II.^[16]

"Podgorica is destroyed. We will build her altogether because it's our responsibility, because that's what's required of us by the sacrifices which Podgorica gave! We will do it, that's what I promise you in the name of the Federal government." -Josip Broz Tito on 12 July 1946.^[16]

On 25 July 1948, the vice president of the People's Parliament of Montenegro, Andrija Mugoša, along with secretary Gavron Cemović, signed a law changing the name of Podgorica into "Titovgrad".^[13] The law was "retroactively" activated such that the name change applied to any records starting from 13 July 1946, when it became the capital of Montenegro within the newly formed Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.^[13] However, in a contradiction, the "Službeni list" or legal code of Yugoslavia recorded the name "Titograd" without the letter "v".^[13] Ultimately, "Titograd" was used over "Titovgrad".^[13]

In addition to the new name, Titograd saw the establishment of new factories. The Radoje Dakić factory, built-in 1946 for the production of heavy machinery, became one of the largest employers in Titograd. In 1964, Radoje Dakić guaranteed hired workers an apartment in the city.^[17] In the late 1960s, the cities of Titograd, Zadar, and Mostar competed to be selected as the location of Yugoslavia's expanding aluminum industry.^[18] In a highly politicized selection process, Titograd was ultimately chosen and the Kombinat was constructed in 1969.^[18] In 1974, the public Veljko Vlahović University was founded in Titograd. On 15 April 1979, the city suffered damage by a 6.9 magnitude earthquake.

Titograd was the site of massive protests during Yugoslavia's anti-bureaucratic revolution. On 10 January 1989, over 10,000 people protested in the city.^[19][20] By the turn of the decade, Titograd was recognized as the city with the most greenery in Yugoslavia, along with Banja Luka.^[21]

Contemporary history

As Yugoslavia began to break up, Titograd was renamed to Podgorica after a referendum on 2 April 1992.^[22] On 25 May 1992, Podgorica was the site of a Serbian Radical Party rally of approximately 10,000 supporters, during which a Montenegrin Bosniak man named Adem Šabotić attempted to assassinate Vojislav Šešelj via hand bomb after his supporters chanted references to killing Muslims.^[23] Šešelj, his bodyguards, and a few bystanders were injured after the bomb detonated but no one was killed.^[23]

Otherwise, the

On 7 August 2013, the 60-year old Hotel Crna Gora was demolished to make way for the new Hilton in its place, which opened in 2016.^[28] Construction of the Cathedral of Christ's Resurrection finished after 20 years on 7 October 2013.

In October 2015, protests took place in Podgorica ahead of Montenegro's accession into NATO. After a demonstration of at least 5,000 to 8,000 people,^[29] the police used tear gas to disperse demonstrators from the parliament.^[30] Protests in the city continued through the 2016 Montenegrin parliamentary election. On 22 February 2018, a Yugoslav Army veteran killed himself at the US embassy in Podgorica.

Administration

The city administration consists of a mayor, city assembly, and a number of secretariats and administrative bodies which together act as a city local government. The city assembly has 61 members, elected directly for four-year terms. The mayor used to be directly elected for a five-year term, but since the new law was introduced in Montenegrin municipalities mayors will be elected by the city assembly and will have to maintain its support during the term. Separate elections are held for the local sub-division of Golubovci since it is part of their administrative autonomy inside Podgorica municipality. Constant questions are raised by various politicians over gaining separate municipality status for Golubovci. In 2018, Tuzi became its own municipality after a vote on the Montenegrin Parliament.^[31]

On local elections held on 25 May 2014, the

The municipality of Podgorica consists of Podgorica City Proper and two subdivisions (called

The entire municipality of Podgorica is further divided into 66 local communities (мјесне заједнице, mjesne zajednice), bodies in which the citizens participate in decisions on matters of relevance to the local community.

Geography

Podgorica is located in central Montenegro. The area is crossed with rivers and the city itself is only 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) north of

In contrast to most of Montenegro, Podgorica lies in a mainly flat area at the northern end of the Zeta plain, at an elevation of 40 m (130 ft). The only exceptions are hills which overlook the city. The most significant is 130.3 m (427 ft) high Gorica Hill (pronounced [ˈɡǒrit͜sa]), city's namesake, which rises above the city centre. The other hills include Malo brdo ("little hill", 205.4 m or 674 ft), Velje brdo ("big hill", 283 m or 928 ft), Ljubović (101 m or 331 ft) and Dajbapska gora (172 m or 564 ft). Podgorica city proper has an area of 108 square kilometres (42 sq mi), while actual urbanized area is much smaller.

• 
  Morača river canyon.
• 
  Lake Skadar
• 
  River Cijevna waterfalls near Podgorica
• 
  Podgorica panoramic view.

Climate

Under the

The mean annual rainfall is 1,659 mm (65.3 in), making Podgorica by far the wettest capital in Europe, Ljubljana being second with 1,362 mm (53.6 in). The temperature exceeds 25 °C (77 °F) on about 135 days each year and the median daily temperature is 15.6 °C (60.1 °F). The number of rainy days is about 120, and those with a strong wind around 60. An occasional strong northerly wind influences the climate in the winter, with a wind chill effect lowering the perceived temperature by a few degrees. ^{[citation needed]}

The all-time maximum snowfall record was beaten on 11 February 2012, when 58 cm (23 in) of snowfall were measured. Before that, the biggest snowfall in Podgorica was in 1954, when 52 cm (20 in) of snowfall was recorded. Maximum temperature was recorded on 24 August 2007, at 44.8 °C (112.6 °F), while all time minimum was −9.7 °C (14.5 °F), on 4 February 1956.

Demographics

Although medium-sized by European standards, Podgorica is by far the largest city in Montenegro: almost a quarter of Montenegrin citizens live there. According to the 2023 census, there are 186,827 people in Podgorica Capital City, which is analogous to the metropolitan area, while 173,024 people live within the city proper.^[36]

Out of the total population of Podgorica 48.73% are male and 51.27% are female. The average age of the population is 35.7.

Ethnic groups

The town's population in 2011 census was 60.25%

Podgorica is home to three main religious groups:

The Orthodox Christian population mostly originates from the local

Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ

Osmanagić Mosque

The

The Catholic population mainly consists of the local Albanian minority. The main religious site for the Catholic population located in the

Podgorica is not only the administrative center of Montenegro but also its main economic engine. Most of Montenegro's industrial, financial, and commercial base is in Podgorica. ^[citation needed]

Before World War I, most of Podgorica's economy was in trade and small-scale manufacturing, which was an economic model established during the long rule of the Ottoman Empire. ^{[citation needed]} After World War II, Podgorica became Montenegro's capital and a focus of the rapid urbanization and industrialization of the SFRY era. Industries such as aluminium and tobacco processing, textiles, engineering, vehicle production, and wine production were established in and around the city. In 1981, Podgorica's GDP per capita was 87% of the Yugoslav average.^[38]

In the early 1990s, the

As Montenegro began its push for independence from Serbia in the late 1990s, Podgorica greatly benefited from the increased concentration of government and service sectors. ^[citation needed] In addition to almost the entire country's government, Podgorica is home to the Montenegro Stock Exchange and other major Montenegrin financial institutions, along with telecommunications carriers, media outlets, Montenegrin flag carrier airline, and other significant institutions and companies.

The large presence of government and service sectors spared the economy of Podgorica from prolonged stagnation in the late 2000s recession, which hit Montenegro hard. Although in mid-2014, some 30% of Montenegro's citizens lived in Podgorica, the municipality accounted for 44% of the country's employed. Out of the entire mass of paid net salaries in Montenegro in that year, some 47% was paid in Podgorica. The average monthly net salary in December 2021 was €537 in Podgorica municipality.^[39]

Tourism

Further cultural and historic monuments in and around Podgorica are Sahat kula (Clock tower) Adži-paše Osmanagića, the ruins of the Ribnica fortress, remnants of the city of Doclea, Stara Varoš, and Vezirov most (Vizier's bridge). Podgorica has excellent transit connections with other centres.

At nine kilometres from the city is the International Airport, with railway and bus stations close to one another.^[40]

• 
  Hotel Podgorica and Bemax Skyscraper
• 
  Hotel Hilton

Media

Podgorica is the media hub of Montenegro. It is home to the headquarters of the state-owned

Public transport in Podgorica consists of 11 urban and 16 suburban bus lines.[41] The city-owned AD Gradski saobraćaj public transport company used to be the sole bus operator until the 1990s, when private carriers were introduced. The company went bankrupt in 2001, and buses were since operated solely by private carriers. As of 2023 Public transport in Podgorica is done only by buses, 12 city and 16 suburban lines.

Public transport faces competition from very popular dispatched taxi services. De-regulation and stiff competition have made taxi services very affordable. ^[

-tracked vehicles.

Roads

Podgorica's location in central Montenegro makes it a natural hub for rail and road transport. Roads in Montenegro (especially those connecting Podgorica to northern Montenegro and

Morača River

also goes fluently since river banks are very well connected with 6 vehicular and 3 pedestrian bridges.

The main transit connections of Podgorica are:

• north (E65, E80), towards Belgrade and on to Central Europe
• west (E762), towards Nikšić, Bosnia and on to Western Europe
• south (
  Adriatic coast
• east (E762), towards Albania

• 
  Rental electric scooters
• 
  Moscow Bridge and Millenium Bridge
• 
  Sozina Tunnel shortens the journey from Podgorica to Montenegro's main port Bar, by some 25 km.
• 
  Northern entrance to Podgorica (E65, E80).

Rail

Podgorica Rail Station

Podgorica is a hub of the X-shaped

Podgorica Rail Station. The station itself is located 1.5 km (0.93 mi) to the southeast of the main city square. Podgorica's main railway link (for both passenger and freight traffic) is Belgrade–Bar. The link to Nikšić was recently under reconstruction (electrification);^[42] afterwards, passenger service started in October 2012. The rail link to Shkodër

is used as freight-only.

Air

Podgorica Airport is located in Zeta Plain, 11 km (6.8 mi) south of Podgorica City centre, and is Montenegro's main international airport. The airport is locally known as Golubovci Airport (Аеродром Голубовци / Aerodrom Golubovci), as it is located within the administrative boundaries of the town of Golubovci. The IATA code of the airport is still TGD because Podgorica was named Titograd, during which time the airport opened. It is the main hub for Air Montenegro and Di Air.

Education

Most of Montenegro's higher education establishments are in Podgorica including the University of Montenegro, the country's most significant university. The university has the following faculties:

Faculty of Political Sciences Faculty of Law Faculty of Economics Faculty of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology Faculty for Information Technology Faculty of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics Faculty of Medicine Faculty of Pharmacy Faculty of Architecture Faculty of Biotechnology

The university's scientific research institutes are also in the Podgorica: Institute of Foreign Languages, Institute of Biotechnology and the Institute of History

The Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts (CANU) is in Podgorica, as well as the parallel scholars' academy DANU.

There are a number of private institutions for higher education including the Mediterranean University which was founded in 2006 as the first private university in Montenegro and the University of Donja Gorica. The municipality of Podgorica has 34 elementary schools and 10 secondary schools, including one gymnasium. The first secondary school established in Podgorica is Gymnasium "Slobodan Škerović" which first opened in 1907. The rebuilt economic high school offers new features and higher quality education. The "Radosav Ljumović National Library" is considered the most comprehensive in Montenegro.

Culture

Podgorica is home to many Montenegrin cultural institutions and events. It hosts the Montenegrin National Theatre and a number of museums and galleries. The Montenegrin National Theatre is the most significant theatre not only in Podgorica but in all of Montenegro. Podgorica is also host to the City Theatre (Gradsko pozorište), which includes the Children's Theatre and the Puppet Theatre. Although not as rich in museums and galleries as the historic royal capital Cetinje, there are several noteworthy museums:

• The Podgorica City Museum (Muzej grada Podgorice) preserves Podgorica's rich heritage. Founded in 1950, it has four categories: archaeological, ethnographic, historical, and cultural-historical. It houses artifacts that date back to the Roman and Illyrian eras. ^{[citation needed]}
• The Archaeological Research Centre (Centar za arheološka istraživanja) was founded in 1961. Its mission is to gather, classify, restore and display archaeological sites.
• The Marko Miljanov Museum (Muzej Marka Miljanova) in Medun shows life in 19th century Montenegro.
• The Natural History Museum (Prirodnjački muzej) displays specimens of Montenegrin flora and fauna. This museum has no exhibition space of its own, despite many proposals and initiatives to build one. ^{[citation needed]}

There is a notable art gallery in the Dvorac

Gallery of the Non-Aligned Countries "Josip Broz Tito" between 1984 and 1995. King Nicholas's castle, Perjanički Dom (House of the Honour Guard), castle chapel and surrounding buildings were converted to an art gallery in 1984. Since 1995, it has been part of the Modern Arts Centre (Centar savremenih umjetnosti) and houses approximately 1,500 works of art. The historic Cinema of Culture (Kino Kultura), which was founded in 1949, was closed in November 2008 due to continuous financial losses it generated. It was the only cinema in the city for 6 decades. The building of the former cinema will be converted to host the Podgorica City Theatre. Shortly after its closure, a Ster-Kinekor (later acquired by Cineplexx) 6-screen multiplex

cinema opened at BIG Podgorica shopping mall.

A significant cultural institution of over fifty years' standing is the Budo Tomović Cultural-Informational Centre (KIC Budo Tomović). It is a public institution that organizes various artistic events, including Podgorica Cultural Summer (Podgoričko Kulturno Ljeto), FIAT – International Alternative Theatre Festival (Festival Internacionalnog Alternativnog Teatra), DEUS – December Arts Scene (Decembarska Umjetnička Scena).

Sport

The most popular sports by far are

KK Budućnost, both in Regional

and European competitions.

Football in Podgorica has a long tradition associated with

First League of Montenegro

. Other clubs from Podgorica and its surroundings play in the Montenegrin First League e.g.

Zabjelo and FK Podgorica

from Donja Gorica.

The volleyball team

Budućnost Podgorica

is the most important sports club in Podgorica. Its name means Future.

Chess is another popular sport and some famous global chess players, like Slavko Dedić, are born in Podgorica.

Sporting events like the annual Podgorica Marathon, Coinis no limits Triathlon, and the Morača River jumps attract international competitors. Podgorica was the host of 2009 FINA Men's Water Polo World League.

Venues

Podgorica has a number of sporting venues; some are under reconstruction and expansion. The main ones are:

• Podgorica City Stadium. It has a capacity of 11,264 and it is the home of FK Budućnost Podgorica and the Montenegro national football team. It is the only venue in Montenegro that complies with FIFA standards for international football matches.
• Novi Sad
  .
• Bemax Arena, indoor and outdoor sports facility. It has a capacity of 2,400 seats.

Almost every football club in Podgorica has its own stadium, although these are often only fields with small stands or no stands at all. Other notable venues are the

sport shooting range under Ljubović hill. There are many other sports facilities around the city, most notably indoor soccer

fields.

• 
  Morača Sports Center.
• 
  Podgorica City Stadium.
• 
  Morača Sports Center.

Cityscape

See also: List of Podgorica neighbourhoods and suburbs

Panoramic view

View from Gorica Hill

Cityscape

Podgorica's mixture of architectural styles reflects the turbulent history of the city and country: as one régime replaced another, the corresponding style was introduced.

As part of the Ottoman Empire until 1878, Podgorica has some examples of Ottoman architecture. ^{[citation needed]} The oldest parts of the city, Stara Varoš (Old town) and Drač is typical of this, with two mosques, a Turkish Clock Tower and narrow, winding streets.

When the city was incorporated to Montenegro, the urban core shifted to the other bank of the

orthogonal

layout. This part of the city is today traditionally regarded as the city center and is called Nova Varoš (New town).

During World War II, Podgorica was almost razed to the ground, being

Morača River

was built this way.

The main contemporary traffic arteries were laid out during this period, which extended the orthogonal street layout of the city center, to the south and west. Residential and infrastructural developments in the SFRY era have mostly shaped the layout of today's Podgorica and accommodated the unprecedented population growth that followed World War II. ^{[citation needed]}

• 
  Panoramic view of Podgorica
• 
  Independence square.
• 
  Morača river

  .
• 
  Roman Square and Cathedral of Podgorica.
• 
  Blažo Jovanović Bridge over the Morača.
• 
  George Washington Street
• 
  Telenor Center in Podgorica.
• 
  BIG Shopping Mall
• 
  St Peter of Cetinje

  Boulevard
• 
  Montenegrin National Theatre
• 
  Podgorica Airport
• 
  Millennium Bridge

A major advance in Podgorica architecture began in the late 1990s and, since then, the face of the city has changed rapidly. Residential and business construction are proceeding rapidly, incorporating contemporary glass-and-steel architectural trends. In an effort to create a recognizable and modern state capital, city officials are routing significant investments in the city's public spaces. Thus, the city has gained entirely new squares and some monuments. New landmarks include the Hristovog Vaskrsenja

Millennium Bridge

, the main feature of the Podgorica skyline.

Millennium Bridge

(left). (Swipe left or right)

Notable people

Further information: Category:People from Podgorica

• Aleksa Asanovic (born 1945), music educator

International relations

Twin towns – sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Montenegro

Podgorica is twinned with:^[43]

• Ankara, Turkey
• Bari, Italy
• Naousa, Greece
• Skopje, North Macedonia
• Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Partner cities

• Yerevan, Armenia^[44]

See also

• Podgorica Capital City
• List of people from Podgorica
• Outline of Montenegro

Notes

• Milosavljević, Olivera (2003). "Antibirokratska revolucija 1987–1989. godine". In Graovac, Igor; Fleck, Hans-Georg (eds.). Dijalog povjesničara – istoričara 8, Zadar (PDF) (in Serbian). Zagreb, Croatia: Political Science Research Centre Ltd. (PSRC) for Scientific Research Work / Zaklada Friedrich-Naumann.
  ISBN 953-6922-06-1. Archived from the original
  (PDF) on 28 September 2007. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
• Morrison, Kenneth (2009). Nationalism, Identity and Statehood in Post-Yugoslav Montenegro. London: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd.
  ISBN 978-1-84511-710-8
  .
• Vasić, Milan (2005). Naselja na Balkanskom Poluostrvu od XVI do XVIII Vijeka (in Serbian). Banja Luka: Narodna I Univerzitetska Biblioteka Republike Srpske.
  ISBN 99938-0-584-X
  .

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41. ^ "Saobraćaj". Podgorica.me. Archived from the original on 25 March 2013. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
42. ^ "U Željeznicu ulažu 52 miliona eura". Archived from the original on 11 June 2015. Retrieved 16 May 2009.
43. ^ "Gradovi pobratimi" (in Montenegrin). Podgorica. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 21 June 2020.
44. ^ "Partner cities". Yerevan. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 21 June 2020.

External links

• Media related to Podgorica at Wikimedia Commons
• Podgorica travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website
• Tourism Organisation of Podgorica
• More (mostly modern) buildings of Podgorica