Poland A and B

Poland A and B (Polish: Polska A i B) refers to the historical, political and cultural distinction between the western and the eastern part of the country, with Poland "A", west of the Vistula, being much more developed and having faster growth than Poland "B", east of the river. The General Secretary of the Polish Chamber of Commerce [pl] Marek Kłoczko said in his 2007 interview that the divisions are more spread out and forming three separate categories: Poland "A" are the metropolitan cities; Poland "B" is the rest of the country; and Poland "C" are the plains and the landscape parks east of the Vistula (Poland "Z", according to Kłoczko), which require a different treatment.^[1]

Reportedly, Poland's well-off cities are

Distinction

The distinction is unofficial and in some ways oversimplified, but it is widely acknowledged and discussed in Poland.^[5]

Historically, the source of Poland "A" and "B" can be traced to the period of the

In this divide, it has to be noted that Poland's borders were changing over the centuries. They moved westward after 1945, to reflect the Poland of the Piasts rather than the Poland of Jagiellonians. For instance, Warsaw was initially a settlement in eastern Poland. When it became a capital city in the 16th century, and historically in the developed as a central part of the Kingdom of Poland (the Crown), later western-central part of the Commonwealth. Now is situated in the central-eastern part of it. The slower growing western provinces are often former German regions that were already densely populated and well-developed in terms of infrastructure and industry before 1945, now populated mostly by Poles from the former Eastern Polish regions. For example, the above-mentioned Olsztyn was part of Prussia since the times of the Teutonic Order.

Politics

The difference between Poland's "A" and "B" is particularly evident in the voting patterns of the two regions. During the 1990s, Poland "A" tended to favour the

Gallery

• 
  Administrative map of Poland with results of the

  Law and Justice
• 
  2011 Polish parliamentary election, PiS (blue), KO (orange)
• 
  2018 Polish local elections to regional assemblies (voivodeships) PiS (blue), KO (orange)
• 
  Law and Justice's main support (dark blue) is concentrated in the south-east of the country (former Russian Partition and Austrian Partition), results of the 2015 Polish parliamentary election
• 
  Law and Justice's main support (dark blue). PiS has seen increased support in the 2019 Polish parliamentary election
• 
  2020 Polish presidential election 1st round, PiS (blue), KO (orange)
• 
  2020 Polish presidential election second round, PiS (blue), KO (orange)
• 
  2023 Polish parliamentary election - Senate results, PiS (blue), Opposition (orange)

In popular culture

On 26 January 2016, the album Karabin by Maria Peszek was released. It includes the song "Polska A, B, C i D". A day later, the song was released as a single and it peaked at number one on the Polish Radio Three Chart.^[7][8]

Poland "B" is mentioned in the 2020 Polish horror film Nobody Sleeps in the Woods Tonight.

See also

• List of Polish voivodeships by GRP
• Partitions of Poland
• Recovered Territories
• The global
  North-South divide
  , and similar socioeconomic divides in:
  • Belgium
  • Italy
  • Mainland China
  • Korea
  • Taiwan
  • the United States
  • the United Kingdom
  • Western Ukraine and Eastern Ukraine

References