Polans (eastern)
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The Polans or Polians (
The distinct
.History
The name derives from the Old East Slavic word поле, which means "field", because, according to the Primary Chronicle they lived in the fields (занеже в поле седяху).[1][2] In roughly 862 the Polans were attached to Kievan Rus'.[citation needed]
According Vikentiy Khvoyka, the Polanians were most likely descended from the Trypillia culture.[3] However, this is not taken seriously by most modern archeologists or professional historians anymore. It is considered a "myth of ethnogenesis". Since Trypillian culture was not literate, this is pure speculation, based on 'Culture-historical archaeology', which was known to be the dubious form of archeology from Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union (sometimes called "Russian Archeology", but also based on "Ethnos Theory").[4]
The land of the Polans was at the crossroads of territories inhabited by different Eastern Slavic tribes (such as the
In the 860s, the Varangians (Vikings) arrived and organized a few successful military campaigns against the Byzantine Empire, which eventually defeated them and made peace with them, the Pechenegs and the Polochans.[citation needed]
The chronicles repeatedly note that socio-economic relations in the Polan communities were highly developed compared to the neighboring tribes. In the 880s
According to chronicalized legends, the largest cities of the eastern Polans were
At one stage the Polanians were subjugated by the Khazars.[8]
See also
- Lech, Czech, and Rus'
- Drevlians
- Severians
- List of Medieval Slavic tribes
References
- ^ Primary Chronicle
- ^ Łowmiański, H. (1964). Początki Polski. Vol. 2. Warszawa. pp. 66, 106.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ The Oldest population in the territory of Ukraine and its culture
- )
- ^
ISBN 9781442697287. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
After conquering Kiev in 882 and establishing control over the Polianians, [Oleh] forcefully extended his authority [...] over the surrounding tribes [...]
- ^ Г. Півторак, Українці: звідки ми і наша мова, Київ 1993, p. 77.
- ^ П. П. Толочко, "Роль Киева в эпоху формирования Древнерусского государства," [In:] Становление раннефеодальных славянских государств, Киев, 1972, p. 129; Б. А. Рыбаков, Киевская Русь и русские княжества XII–XIII вв., Москва 1982, p. 98, 99; М. Ю. Брайчевский, Восточнославянские союзы племен в эпоху формирования древнерусского государства, [In:] Древнерусское государство и славяне, Минск 1983, p. 102-111.
- ^ Turchin 2009, pp. 191–217; "The Khazars also subjugated East Slavic groups, such as the Polanians, and forced others to pay tribute."
- Turchin, Peter (2009). "A theory for formation of large empires" (PDF). S2CID 73597670.