Polemonium reptans

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Polemonium reptans
Polemonium reptans flowers

Secure  (NatureServe)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Polemoniaceae
Genus: Polemonium
Species:
P. reptans
Binomial name
Polemonium reptans

Polemonium reptans is a

herbaceous
plant native to eastern North America. Common names include spreading Jacob's ladder, creeping Jacob's ladder, false Jacob's ladder, abscess root, American Greek valerian, blue bells, stairway to heaven, and sweatroot.

Description

Jacob's ladder grows 50 centimetres (20 in) tall, with pinnate

fibrous roots.[1]

The

calyx with five pointed lobes.[1] The pollen is white. The stigma extends beyond the anthers, making self-pollination difficult, so insects must cross-pollinate for the plants to produce seed.[2]

Pollinated flowers develop into an oval

pod with three chambers, 6 mm (1⁄2 in) long, which is enclosed by the green calyx. The plant spreads by reseeding itself. The Latin specific epithet reptans means creeping.[3]

  • Leaves
    Leaves
  • Oval seed pods enclosed in green calyces
    Oval seed pods enclosed in green calyces

Ecology

Flowers being visited by a wasp

The flowers produce both

syrphid flies and fire beetles (Pedilus lugubris) feed on pollen, and butterflies and moths drink nectar. Out of these insects, large bees are the most effective at cross-pollination, since they most often touch the pollen-covered anthers.[2]

Range and habitat

Polemonium reptans is typically found in rich, moist woods, often along streambanks.[4][5] Its range extends from Minnesota to New Hampshire in the north, and from Georgia to Mississippi in the south.[5] It is most abundant west of the Appalachian Mountains.[4][5]

Cultivation

The variegated cultivar 'Stairway to Heaven'

The plant prefers partial shade and mesic soil. It tolerates full sun, but requires constantly moist soil.[2]

Uses

The dried roots have a slightly bitter and acrid taste. P. reptans has been traditionally used as an herbal medicine for febrile and inflammatory diseases, to ease coughs, colds and bronchial complaints, and to encourage perspiration.[6] It is furthermore said to bring relief in cases of inflammations and infections.[7] The root is rarely used in modern herbalism. It is harvested in the autumn and dried for later use.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Polemonium reptans.
  1. ^ a b Hilty, John (2016). "Jacob's Ladder". Illinois Wildflowers.
  2. ^ a b c Heather Holm (2014). Pollinators on Native Plants. Minnetonka, MN: Pollinator Press. pp. 160–161.
  3. ^ "Polemonium reptans - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2022-01-01.
  4. ^ a b Carman, Jack B. (2001). Wildflowers of Tennessee. Highland Rim Press. p. 206.
  5. ^
    ISBN 1-55105-428-0
    .
  6. ^ Wren, R.C. (1923). Potter's Cylopedia of Botanicak Drugs and Preparations. London: Potter & Clarl. p. 1.
  7. OCLC 48876592
    .
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