Polish Brazilians
Southeastern Brazil
Brazilian diaspora in Canada: Polish Jews) · Minor: Islam (Polish Tatars) | |
Related ethnic groups | |
---|---|
Russian Brazilians, Ukrainian Brazilians, Lithuanian Brazilians, White Brazilians, White Latin Americans |
Polish Brazilians (Portuguese: polono-brasileiros, Polish: Polonia brazylijska) refers to Brazilians of full or partial Polish ancestry who are aware of such ancestry and remain connected, to some degree, to Polish culture, or Polish-born people permanently residing in Brazil. Also, a Polish Brazilian may have one Polish parent.
Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century and their total number was estimated at around 200,000.[2]
Immigration
The first Polish immigrants arrived in the port of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in August 1869.[3] They were 78 Poles from the area of Southern Silesia. Commandant Redlisch, of the ship Victoria, brought people from Mitteleuropa to settle in Brusque.
They were in total 16 families, among them: Francisco Pollak, Nicolau Wós, Boaventura Pollak, Thomasz Szymanski, Simon Purkot, Felipe Purkot, Miguel Prudlo, Chaim Briffel, Simon Otto, Domin Stempke, Gaspar Gbur, Balcer Gbur, Walentin Weber, Antoni Kania, Franciszek Kania, André Pampuch and Stefan Kachel. The Poles were placed in the colonies Príncipe Dom Pedro and Itajaí, in the area of Brusque.[4]
Fewer Poles immigrated to Brazil than
The State of Paraná received the majority of Polish immigrants, who settled mainly in the region of Curitiba, in the towns of Mallet, Cruz Machado, São Matheus do Sul, Irati, Rebouças, Rio Azul and União da Vitória.
Most Polish immigrants to Southern Brazil were
In 1871, with the help of Father Antônio Zieliński, well connected in the court of
Until June 1873, 809 Polish immigrants arrived in Paraná, of which 454 were provisionally lodged in Curitiba. In September 1873, another 64 families (258 people) disembarked in Santa Catarina and again with the help of Wos-Saporski and the authorization of Frederico José Cardoso de Araújo Abranches, then president of the Province of Paraná, they settled 6 km from Curitiba in the current Abranches neighborhood.[citation needed]
In 1875 about two thousand Poles lived on the outskirts of Curitiba. In 1877 the number had already jumped to six thousand immigrants. Thanks to the action of Adolfo Lamenha Lins, who presided over the province of Paraná between 1875 and 1877, there was a synchrony between the colonization of the territory, rural development and immigration. Lamenha understood the difference between spontaneous and official immigration, so, during his government, he encouraged the establishment of new immigrants in Paraná by funding their journey from the ports of Paranaguá and São Francisco do Sul to Curitiba and by creating several colonial agricultural centers. He also invested in infrastructure and access, enabling the movement of goods and ensuring the supply of foodstuffs to nearby markets. In the last report sent to the Legislative Assembly (1877), Lins states that six thousand immigrants lived on the outskirts of the capital. The most important colonies founded at this time were: Santa Cândida (1875), Orleans (1875), Thomas Coelho (Araucaria - 1876), Santo Inácio (1876), Dona Augusta (1876), Lamenha (1876), D. Pedro II ( 1876), Riviere (1877).[citation needed]
In 1878, the colonies Murici, Zacarias, Inspetor Carvalho and Coronel Accioly were created. Also in 1878, 28 Polish immigrant families settled in Colônia Moema, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa. Soon after, more families arrived in the municipality, creating new colonies: Taquari, Guaraúna, Rio Verde and Itaiacoca.[citation needed]
In 1907, a school was founded in Ponta Grossa that catered to the needs of Polish children, in a space attached to the Sant'Ana Chapel and directed by the Servas do Espírito Santo sisters. In 1908 the school had more than 50 Polish students. The school closed in 1933. In 1937 Paraná had 167 Polish ethnic schools. The first school run by a Polish immigrant in Paraná was opened in October 1876 by Jerônimo Durski in the Orleans colony, in Curitiba.[citation needed]
In 1934, the Maritime and Colonial League (Liga Morska i Kolonialna, LMiK) founded the Morska Wola agricultural colony, in the municipality of Cândido de Abreu. In 1939 the colony had 195 families, approximately 700 people, most of them Polish.[citation needed]
1886 is considered the starting point of Polish immigration in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A group of 300 immigrants, unable to adapt to the climate of the state of Bahia, where they first headed, migrated to the north of Porto Alegre and founded the Santa Teresa and Santa Bárbara colonies. In 1888, they were demarcated from the lots of the Mariana Pimentel Colony, which received the first waves of Polish immigrants the following year. In 1890 a group of Polish immigrants arrived in Porto Alegre who headed for the town of São Feliciano, the current municipality of Dom Feliciano. Most were from Kongresówska (the part of Poland occupied by Russia). The immigrants received lots and started making houses, planting crops and raising animals. They were very religious, and the first things they built were chapels.[citation needed]
In this first phase, few Polish settlers settled in Santa Catarina due to the climate and "hostile territory" (inhabited by Indigenous Brazilians). They did not live well with the German colonies, which were predominant in the region. Santa Catarina was at the time a province of passage, where immigrants disembarked at the port of Itajaí but headed mainly for Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.[citation needed]
In 1873, around 60 Polish families (as German citizens) arrived in
Religion
In a 1991 poll with Polish immigrants residents in
Polish culture in Brazil
The State of
Polish communities
Important Polish communities include:
- Paraná: Eufrosina, São Mateus do Sul, Santa Bárbara, Prudentópolis, Ivaí, Apucarana, Cândido de Abreu, Castro, Piraí do Sul, Palmeira, Cruz Machado, Guarapuava, Irati, Curitiba and others.
- Santa Catarina: Lucena (current Itaiópolis), Rio Vermelho, Massaranduba, Grã-Pará, Nova Galícia, Brusque and others.
- , and others.
- São Paulo: São Bernardo do Campo, Pariquera-Açu, Rio Claro, São Paulo, and others.
- Espírito Santo: Águia Branca, Santa Leopoldina, and others.[7]
Notable Polish Brazilians
- Alessandra Ambrosio, supermodel. She was born in Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul.
- Alexandre Herchcovitch, fashion designer. He is from a Jewish orthodox family, and was born in São Paulo.
- Santo André, São Paulo.
- Edson Zwaricz, footballer. He was born in União da Vitória, Paraná.
- Henrique de Curitiba, Zbigniew Henrique Morozowicz, composer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
- Jaime Lerner, politician. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
- Letícia Wierzchowski, novelist and screenwriter. The author of the popular "A Casa das Sete Mulheres" series of historical novels, she was born in Rio Grande do Sul
- Mizuho Lin singer of the Brazilian melodic death metal band Semblant.
- Maurício Waldman, environmentalist. He was born in São Paulo.
- Paulo Leminski, poet and writer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
- Paulo Szot, Tony Award-winning opera singer and actor. He was born in São Paulo.
- Xuxa, German, Austrian, Italian, and Polish descent, Rede Globo hostess and Latin Grammy Award-winning singer. She was born in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul.
- Serginho Groisman, Polish mother, Rede Globo´s "Altas Horas" show host. He was born in São Paulo.
- Francisco Lachowski, model. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná (Polish father)
- Samuel Klein, founder of Casas Bahia and philanthropist. A Holocaust survivor, Klein emigrated to São Caetano do Sul.
- Ricardo Lewandowski, minister of Brazilian supreme court. He was born in Rio de Janeiro.
- Thaís Pacholek, actress. She was born in Curitiba.
- Thiago Rangel Cionek, footballer. He was born in Curitiba.
- Vicente Mickosz, radio broadcaster. He was Born in Curitiba.
- Filipe Luís Kasmirski, footballer. He was born in Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina.
- Paraná state .[8]
- Rudolf Komorek, missionary declared Venerable in 1995
- Ariane Lipski, mixed martial artist born in Curitiba who fights in the UFC. Her grandfather migrated to Brazil from Poland before World War II for security reasons.[9]
- Zbigniew Marian Ziembiński. Actor and director of drama, movies and television. One of the founders of the Modern Brazilian Theater with the 1943 performance of A Bride's Gown (Vestido de Noiva), written by the dramatist Nelson Rodrigues.
The image of Polish Brazilians in Polish culture
Polish writer Maria Konopnicka published in 1910 a poem Mister Balcer in Brazil (Pan Balcer w Brazylii). Balcer fails to assimilate and returns to Poland. Mieczysław Lepecki had visited several South American countries, including Brazil, preparing mass emigration from Poland, and published several books about South America. Kazimierz Warchałowski returned to Poland and published there books about Brazil.
See also
- Brazil–Poland relations
- Morska Wola
- Maritime and Colonial League: Attempted Polish overseas possessions
- Polish diaspora
References
- ^ "Polonia w liczbach: Polska Diaspora na świecie (dane szacunkowe 2007)" [Polish numbers: Polish Diaspora in the world (estimated 2007)] (in Polish). Wspólnota Polska. Archived from the original on 26 March 2012. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
- ^ a b c Dvorak, Anna (2013). A Hidden Immigration: The Geography of Polish-Brazilian Cultural Identity (Thesis). UCLA.
- ^ "Prefeitura de Jaraguá do Sul". www.jaraguadosul.sc.gov.br. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ^ Brazil Archived 2009-07-13 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b Uma história oculta: a imigração dos países da Europa do Centro-Leste para o Brasil "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2009-02-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "7 things to know about the Jews of Brazil". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 2016-08-02. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
- ISSN 0103-2186.
- ^ "Kauan Von Novack". Speakers Academy® (in Dutch). Retrieved 2019-12-16.
- ^ Jurzysta, Kuba (2018-02-05). "Ariane Lipski: "Chciałabym zmierzyć się z Valentiną Shevchenko"". InTheCage.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-03-20.