Avondale, Chicago

Coordinates: 41°56.4′N 87°42.6′W / 41.9400°N 87.7100°W / 41.9400; -87.7100
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
(Redirected from
Polish Village, Chicago
)
Avondale
Neighborhoods
Area
 • Total2.00 sq mi (5.18 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total36,257
 • Density18,000/sq mi (7,000/km2)
ZIP Codes
60618
Median household income$60,000[1]
Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services

Avondale (

Diversey Avenue from the Union Pacific/Northwest Line to the Chicago River.[2][3]

History

The first European settler in Avondale was Abraham Harris who settled the area three years after its 1850 incorporation into

African American families moving to the area and building Avondale's first church in the 1880s.[2]
Avondale, along with the rest of Jefferson Township, was annexed by the City of Chicago in 1889.

Factories and other industries sprang up around the start of the 20th century due to the Chicago River and Avondale's dense network of transportation corridors that were built in the 1870s and improved after its annexation into Chicago including replacement of cable cars with electric powered streetcars. The resulting jobs in the area were responsible for drawing the initial wave of European immigrants.[5]

Avondale was the site of one of Chicago's "Seven Lost Wonders", the Olson Park and Waterfall complex at Diversey and Pulaski.[6]

Beginning in the 1980s,

Latino settlement began in Avondale. A multiplicity of other diverse Eastern European ethnicities came to the area following the End of Communism
in 1989, leading to Avondale's nickname as the neighborhood "Where Eastern Europe meets Latin America".

Starting in the mid-2000s, gentrification began to take hold in the Avondale area as it had in neighboring Wicker Park, Logan Square and Bucktown.[7][8]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
193048,433
194047,684−1.5%
195045,313−5.0%
196039,748−12.3%
197035,714−10.1%
198033,527−6.1%
199035,5796.1%
200043,08521.1%
201039,262−8.9%
202036,257−7.7%
[1]

Avondale has traditionally had a large Polish population, with patches of German, Scandinavian, and Italians settlement as well.

Filipino community is present in Avondale as well, which is home to Chicago's Filipino TV outlet.[10] Latino settlement beginning in the 1980s led to an increase in Avondale's Hispanic population from 37.6% in 1990 to 62.0% in 2000, with increased numbers of Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Central American immigrants.[11] Because of gentrification, the last decade has seen a reversal of this trend, as the non-Hispanic white population has been expanding faster than the Hispanic population.[12]

Transportation

Avondale is served by the

Belmont, less than three blocks away from St. Hyacinth's former mission of Our Lady of Lourdes; the Addison station is located in the median of the same expressway adjacent to the neighboring Villa District
.

Avondale is also accessible by a number of bus routes run by the CTA.

Neighborhoods

Polish Village

Polish store on Milwaukee Avenue
St. Hyacinth Basilica
.
St. Wenceslaus. Photographer Richard Nickel
was married here in 1950.

The Polish Village or Jackowo

St. Wenceslaus Church (Kościół Świętego Wacława).[13] Milwaukee Avenue is the district's main commercial strip, which includes a number of sausage shops, restaurants, and bakeries. In English the area is usually referred to as the Polish Village - the name featured on signs hung on street lamps over the district. Pulaski Avenue, named after the Polish Revolutionary War
hero, runs through the area.

The Polish communities of Jackowo and Wacławowo appeared in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as Polish settlement spread further northwest along

Gateway Theater today, with locals giving it the nickname "Cinema Polski",[15] drawing even street photographer Vivian Maier.[16]

A distinct flowering of

Belmont and Pulaski in mute testament to this bygone renaissance.[19]

Just to the north of Jackowo is Wacławowo and the parish of

bungalows present in the area neighboring the Villa District
to the north.

Belmont Gardens

Belmont Gardens spans the

Fullerton Avenue
to the South.

Most of the land between

Union Pacific/Northwest rail line was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much of Jefferson Township. This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of the World's Columbian Exposition
that would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Belmont Gardens's first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspeed and Daniel David Healy. Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that the

Healy Metra Station
was originally named after this now lost settlement.

While Homer Pennock's

Irving Park Road
.

Belmont Gardens offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along the

industry that still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor. It was adjacent to his own factory that Mr. Walter E. Olson built what the Chicago Tribune put at the top of its list of the "Seven Lost Wonders of Chicago", the Olson Park and Waterfall Complex
, a 22-acre garden and waterfall remembered by Chicagoans citywide as the place they fondly reminisce heading out to for family trips on the weekend. The ambitious project took 200 workers more than six months to fashion it out of 800 tons of stone and 800 yards of soil.

blue collar
feel as much of surrounding Logan Square and Avondale undergo increased gentrification.

Kosciuszko Park

Kosciuszko Park spans the

Chicago Community Areas of Logan Square and Avondale like neighboring Belmont Gardens, located within its northwest portion, where the Pulaski Industrial Corridor abuts these residential areas. Colloquially known by locals as "Koz Park", or even the "Land of Koz",[13] the area is a prime example of a local identity born thanks to the green spaces created by Chicago's civic leaders of the Progressive Era
.

The boundaries of Kosciuszko Park are generally held to be Central Park Avenue to the East, Pulaski Road to the West, George Street to the North, and Altgeld to the South.

Most of the land between

Diversey Avenue as well as Kimball Avenue to Pulaski Road was empty as late as the 1880s, mostly consisting of the rural "truck farms" that peppered much of Jefferson Township. This began to change with the annexation of this rustic hinterland to the city in 1889 in anticipation of the World's Columbian Exposition
that would focus the country's eyes on Chicago just a few years later in 1893.

Kosciuszko Park's first urban development began thanks to Homer Pennock, who founded the industrial village of Pennock, Illinois. Centered on Wrightwood Avenue, which was originally laid out as "Pennock Boulevard", was planned to be a hefty industrial and residential district. The development was so renowned that the village was highlighted in a "History of Cook County, Illinois" authored by Weston Arthur Goodspeed and Daniel David Healy. Thwarted by circumstances as well as the decline of Homer Pennock's fortune, this district declined to the point that the Chicago Tribune wrote about the neighborhood in an article titled "A Deserted Village in Chicago" in 1903.

While Homer Pennock's industrial suburb failed, Chicago's rapid expansion transformed the area's farms into clusters of factories and homes. At the start of the 20th century as settlement was booming, Kosciuszko Park and Avondale were at the Northwestern edge of the Milwaukee Avenue "Polish Corridor"- a contiguous stretch of Polish settlement which spanned this thoroughfare all the way from Polonia Triangle at Milwaukee, Division and Ashland to Irving Park Road.

Kosciuszko Park offered more than just a less congested setting for its new residents. Due to its proximity to rail along the

Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad
, the area developed a plethora of industry that still survives in the city's Pulaski Industrial Corridor.

Adjacent to Kosciuszko Park's border with Avondale proper near the intersection of George Street and Lawndale Avenue is

Chicago's Polish community such as the Art Deco headquarters of the Polish National Alliance and Holy Trinity High School among others, the brick structure was an imposing edifice. One of the building's highlights was a chapel with an altar that was dedicated to the Black Madonna. The entire complex was sold to a developer who subsequently razed the entire complex, while the new "St. Joseph Village" opened in 2005 on the site of the former Madonna High School and now operates at 4021 W. Belmont Avenue. The park later became home to one of the two first Polish language
Saturday schools in Chicago. While the school has since moved out of their small quarters at the park fieldhouse, the Tadeusz Kościuszko School of Polish Language continues to educate over 1,000 students to the present day, reminding all of its origins in Kosciuszko Park with its name.

It was the park of Kosciuszko Park however that weaved together the disparate subdivisions and people into one community. Dedicated in 1916, Kosciuszko Park owes its name to the Polish patriot

Tudor revival-style fieldhouse, expanded in 1936 to include an assembly hall, just two years after the 22 separate park districts were consolidated into the Chicago Park District
. The park complex expanded during the 1980s with the addition of a new natatorium at the corner of Diversey and Avers.

The green space afforded by the park quickly became the backdrop for community gatherings. Residents utilized the grounds at Kosciuszko Park for bonfires, festivals and neighborhood celebrations, and for a time, even an ice skating rink that would be set up every winter. Summertime brought the opportunity for outdoor festivities, peppered with sports and amateur shows featuring softball games, social dancing, a music appreciation hour, and the occasional visit by the city's "mobile zoo".

Today "The Land of Koz" is a diverse neighborhood, and becoming even more so as gentrification advances further northwest. New people are entering Kosciuszko Park and joining earlier residents whose roots trace back to Latin America and Poland. Yet the park that lent the neighborhood its name still serves its residents, where through play, performance, and even the occasional outdoor film screening it functions as the venue where the community can come together.

Economy

In 1937, Dad's Root Beer was founded in Avondale by Ely Klapman and Barney Berns. The company operated a bottling plant in the community before the company moved operations. The factory has since been converted into condominiums.[20]

As of 2014, the top 5 employing industry sectors in Avondale are retail trade (20.9%), manufacturing (14.8%), utilities (12.4%), accommodation and food service (9.8%), and finance (7.4%). Over half of these workers come from outside of Chicago and 45.5% come from outside of Avondale within the city. The top 5 employing industry sectors of community residents are accommodation and food service (11.5%), healthcare (11%), professional (10.1%), retail trade (9.6%), and administration (8.3%).[1]

Education

Avondale residents are served by

Roman Catholic
congregations in the area.

Carl Von Linne School, 3221 N. Sacramento, on Sacramento between Belmont and School is a neighborhood school. The school features a comprehensive gifted program and a dual language program. There is an emphasis on fine arts including visual arts, ceramic, music, dance, digital arts, and culinary arts. The school has a "sprouting teens garden" on the east side of the building and a "kitchen community culinary garden" in the main playground.

The United Neighborhood Organization operates the Carlos Fuentes School in Avondale.[21]

Public libraries

The Chicago Public Library operates no branches located in the Avondale community area. Although the branch in nearby Kosciuszko Park was one of the system's most utilized branches, it was closed by the 1950s. Branches are available nearby in adjacent neighborhoods, such as Logan Square, Irving Park, and Belmont Cragin.

Politics

The Avondale community area has supported the

2012 presidential election, Avondale cast 7,940 votes for Barack Obama and 1,415 votes for Mitt Romney (82.43% to 14.69%).[23]

Parks

Avondale was cited by the Chicago Tribune as being in the top tier of Chicago's "park poor" neighborhoods.[24] This situation was further aggravated when Avondale Park was reduced to just over one acre in size during the building of the Kennedy Expressway, taking over most of its green space, including the park's playfield, separate boys' and girls' playgrounds, a wading pool, a sand box and tennis courts while leaving the fieldhouse designed by Clarence Hatzfeld intact.[25]

The substantial green spaces in the Avondale community area are Brands Park, followed by Avondale Park. Parks adjacent to Avondale such as Kosciuszko Park, Athletic Field Park and Ken-Well Park are heavily utilized by residents as well. Additionally, there are playlots under the supervision of other parks such as Grape Playlot, Park-view Playlot, Nelson Playlot, Elston Playlot, and Sacramento Playlot, found within Avondale.

Culture

Avondale has a number of strong and simultaneously diverse cultural centers.

Chicago's Polish Community. True to stereotype, the neighborhood "where Eastern Europe meets Latin America" is also home to the new second location of the Puerto Rican Arts Alliance in the former firehouse of Engine 91. The Hairpin Arts Center
is located in Avondale near its border with Logan Square at the gateway to Chicago's Polish Village, serving all of the diverse communities who make their home in these neighborhoods.

Notable people

  • Vivian Maier, photographer who achieved posthumous fame. A resident of various neighborhoods including Rogers Park, she took photos in Chicago's Polish Village.[26]
  • Lucy Parsons, labor organizer and founder of Industrial Workers of the World. She perished in a fire in Avondale in 1942.[27]
  • Carlos Ramirez-Rosa, member of the Chicago City Council representing the 26th ward and the first openly gay, Latino alderman. He is a resident of Avondale.[28]
  • Louise Schaaf (1906-2020), supercentenarian notable for being, at the time of her death, the oldest person in Illinois and the oldest known person born in Germany. She resided near Belmont and California in Avondale until 1959 when she moved to the Norwood Park neighborhood.[29]

See also

  • Polish Cathedral style
  • Polish American

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "Community Demographic Snapshot: Avondale" (PDF). Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning. June 2020. Retrieved July 25, 2020.
  2. ^ .
  3. ^ "Community Area: Avondale" (PDF). City of Chicago. June 1, 2015. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  4. ^ Keating, Ann Durkin (2005). "Jefferson Township". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  5. ^ Solzman, David M. (2005). "Avondale". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  6. ^ Grossman, Ron. "Chicago's Seven Lost Wonders". Chicago Tribune.
  7. Chicago, Illinois
    . Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  8. Chicago, Illinois
    . Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  9. ^ a b "Holiday in Avondale - Forgotten Chicago - History, Architecture, and Infrastructure". Forgottenchicago.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  10. ^ "VIA Times". VIA Times. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  11. ^ "chicagoareahousing.org". Chicagoareahousing.org. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  12. ^ "Estimates of Chicago Population Change Based on The 2000 Census And The American Community Survey 5‐Year Estimates (2005/2009)" (PDF). Robparal.com. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  13. ^ a b "How Chicago's Neighborhoods Got Their Names". Mentalfloss.com. 3 November 2015. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  14. ^ "chicago pol-mex fusion". Urbanarchives.wordpress.com. 6 September 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  15. ^ a b "Strona główna - Polishnews.com". Polishnews.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  16. ^ "Vivian Maier - Vivian Maier Photographer". Vivianmaier.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  17. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-27. Retrieved 2010-12-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. ^ "Holiday in Avondale - Forgotten Chicago - History, Architecture, and Infrastructure". Forgottenchicago.com. Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  19. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-05-27. Retrieved 2010-03-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. ^ "September 18, 2014". Ask Geoffrey. September 18, 2014. WTTW. Retrieved June 23, 2017.
  21. ^ "UNO Charter Schools Archived 2012-04-30 at the Wayback Machine." United Neighborhood Organization. Retrieved on June 16, 2012.
  22. DNAInfo. Archived from the original
    on September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  23. DNAInfo. Archived from the original
    on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  24. ^ "Cramped Chicago: Half of the city's 2.7 million people live in park-poor areas; lakefront's parkland disguises severe shortage in many inland neighborhoods". Chicago Tribune. 9 October 2011.
  25. ^ "Chicago Park District: Avondale Park". Archived from the original on 2011-11-29. Retrieved 2011-12-26.
  26. . Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  27. St. Petersburg Times
    . Retrieved November 26, 2012. Mrs. Lucy Parsons 80-year-old blind anarchist whose first hus band, Albert Parsons, died on the gallows as a result of the Haymarket riot,...
  28. Chicago, Illinois
    . Retrieved June 22, 2017.
  29. ^ O'Donnell, Maureen (June 5, 2020). "Louise Schaaf, dead at 113, was Illinois' oldest resident, oldest known immigrant to the U.S." Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved June 5, 2020.

External links