Politics of Colombia

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

The politics of Colombia take place in a framework of a

House of Representatives of Colombia. The Judiciary
is independent of the executive and the legislature.

The

Constitutional reforms

Colombia's present constitution, enacted on July 5, 1991, strengthened the administration of justice with the provision for introduction of an adversarial system which ultimately is to entirely replace the existing Napoleonic Code. Other significant reforms[3] under the new constitution provide for civil divorce, dual nationality, the election of a vice president, and the election of departmental governors. The constitution expanded citizens' basic rights, including that of "tutela," under which an immediate court action can be requested by individuals feeling that their constitutional rights are being violated and if there is no other legal recourse.

The national government has separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

Executive branch

executive power
.

The president is elected for a single four-year term. Between 2005 and 2015, the president could be re-elected for a second term. The 1991 constitution reestablished the position of vice president, who is elected on the same ticket as the president. By law, the vice president will succeed in the event of the president's resignation, illness, or death.

Since 2015, the president is barred from running for reelection, even for a nonconsecutive term.[4]

Legislative branch

Congress of Colombia in Bogotá.

Colombia's bicameral Congress consists of a 108-member Senate of Colombia and a 172-member Chamber of Representatives of Colombia. Senators are elected on the basis of a nationwide ballot, while representatives are elected in multi member districts co-located within the 32 national departments. The country's capital is a separate capital district and elects its own representatives. Members may be re-elected indefinitely, and, in contrast to the previous system, there are no alternate congressmen. Congress meets twice a year, and the president has the power to call it into special session when needed.

Political parties and elections


2018 Presidential election

Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Center Iván Duque 4,044,509 67.76%
Independent Marta Lucía Ramírez 1,538,882 25.78%
La Patria de Pie Alejandro Ordóñez 385,110 6.45%
Source: Semana

Duque won the nomination, and following his victory, he selected the runner-up, Ramírez, to be the alliance's vice presidential nominee.[5]

2018 Legislative Election

Senate

{{#section-h:2018 Colombian par

Chamber of Representatives

ASI–AVUP
4,9020.030
Regional Integration Movement3,1230.020
Vice-presidential runner-up1
Vacant[a]1
Blank votes815,5025.51
Total14,801,298100.00169
Valid votes14,801,29886.95
Invalid votes2,222,41113.05
Total votes17,023,709100.00
Registered voters/turnout36,025,31847.25
Afro-Colombian seats
C.C. Ancestral De Comunidades Negras Playa Renaciente32,2438.121
Consejo Comunitario La Mamuncia25,4286.401
C.C. De La Comunidad Negra De La Plata Bahía Málaga17,4774.400
Consejo Comunitario Del Rio Yurumangui14,0483.540
C.C. De Comun. Negras Palenque Vda. Las Trescientas Y Mun. Galapa13,1223.300
Consejo Comunitario Mayor De Certegui11,3402.860
Consejo Comunitario De Alejandro Duran Diaz8,6042.170
Todos Somos Colombia7,5781.910
Corporación Poder Ciudadano7,0481.780
Consejo Comunitario Renacer Negro6,4141.620
Consejo Comunitario Bocas Del Atrato Y Leoncito4,2191.060
Consejo Comunitario Ma Kankamana De San Basilio De Palenque4,1791.050
C.C. De La Comunidad Negra De La Calle Larga Rio Dagua3,5390.890
C.C. De Los Corregimientos De San Antonio Y El Castillo3,4370.870
Consejo Comunitario Los Andes3,3910.850
C. C. De La Comun. Negra De Tierra Baja Mi Territorio Ancestral3,3250.840
Consejo Comunitario Veredas Unidas Un Bien Común3,2010.810
Consejo Comunitario Imbilpi Del Carmen2,7110.680
Consejo Comunitario De La Comunidad Negra De Limones2,6180.660
Consejo Comunitario Tablon Salado2,2250.560
Fund. Afrocolombiana Liberal De Desarrollo Social (Afrocodes)2,1620.540
Kusuto Magende Cokumalu De Luruaco2,1360.540
Consejo Comunitario De Las Baras1,9890.500
Consejo Comunitario De Comunidades Negras Obatala1,7660.440
Cuenca Del Rio Iscuande1,6670.420
Org. Social De Comunidades Negras "Nelson Mandela"1,6190.410
Consejo Comunitario De Comunidades Negras Santo Domingo1,5050.380
C.C. General Del Río Baudó Y Sus Afluentes "Acaba"1,4280.360
Blank votes206,63552.04
Total397,054100.002
Indigenous seat
Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement99,18225.681
Indigenous Authorities of Colombia45,35811.750
ANICOL4,4091.140
UAIZSACOR4,1561.080
Taita Zipa Foundation2,6100.680
Casiyouren Traditional Authority1,9460.500
Blank votes228,48859.17
Total386,149100.001
Source: MOE, MOE
  1. ^ The Raizal seat was not filled.

Judicial branch

Supreme Court of Justice of Colombia.

The civilian judiciary is a separate and independent branch of government. Guidelines and the general structure for Colombia's administration of justice are set out in Law 270 of March 7, 1996. Colombia's legal system has recently begun to incorporate some elements of an oral, accusatory system. The judicial branch's general structure is composed of four distinct jurisdictions (ordinary, administrative, constitutional, and special). Colombia's highest judicial organs are the Supreme Court, the Council of State, the Constitutional Court, and the Superior Judicial Council. Although all the high courts technically oversee separate jurisdictions, the Constitutional Court has a broad spectrum of judicial oversight which often allows it to rule on issues overseen by different jurisdictions and even weigh in directly in the rulings of other high courts.[6]

International organization participation

Global

United Nations

World Bank

Other

Regional

References

  1. ^ "Democracy Index 2022: Frontline democracy and the battle for Ukraine" (PDF). Economist Intelligence Unit. 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-09.
  2. ^ wola (2020-05-04). "Illegal Surveillance by Colombia's Military is Unacceptable". WOLA. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  3. ISSN 1868-4890
  4. ^ L, Elizabeth Reyes (4 June 2015). "Colombian lawmakers approve a one-term limit for presidents". EL PAÍS English Edition.
  5. ^ "2018 Colombian elections: A test for peace?" (PDF). European Parliamentary Research Service. Retrieved 18 September 2022.
  6. ^ Botero Marino, Botero Marino; Fernando Jaramillo. "El Conflicto de las Cortes Colombianas en Torno a la Tutela Contra Sentencias" (PDF). Retrieved 5 October 2015.

External links

Media related to Politics of Colombia at Wikimedia Commons