Politics of Sudan

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This article is about recent and past political developments in Sudan. For the Sudan government, see Government of Sudan.
Politics of Sudan

Arab League Member State of the Arab League

Constitution
  • 4 August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration
Executive
Legislature
Judiciary
Administrative divisions
Elections
Foreign relations
Related topics

Currently, the politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of a

transitioning to democracy. However, the Sovereignty Council and the Sudanese government were dissolved in October 2021.[12]

History

The political system of Sudan was rigorously restructured following a

Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) would only escalate in the following years.[16][17]

From 1983 to 1997, the country was divided into five regions in the north and three in the south, each headed by a military governor. After the military coup in 1989, regional assemblies were suspended. With the

National Congress Party
(NCP), the new party included some non-Muslim members, mainly Southern Sudanese politicians, some of whom were appointed as ministers or state governors.

In 1997, the structure of regional administration was replaced by the creation of twenty-six states. The executives, cabinets, and senior-level state officials are appointed by the president, and their limited budgets are determined by and dispensed from Khartoum. The states, as a result, remain economically dependent upon the central government.

Khartoum state
, comprising the capital and outlying districts, is administered by a governor.

Following the signing of the

Vice President position representing the south was created in addition to the northern Sudanese vice president. This allowed the north and south to split oil deposits equally,[18]
but also left both the north's and south's armies in place.

Following the

Council of States, an upper house with 50 seats. Thus the parliament consists of 500 appointed members altogether, where all are indirectly elected by state legislatures to serve six-year terms.[1]

Despite his international arrest warrant, Omar al-Bashir was re-elected in the

Vice President Salva Kiir Mayardit, current leader of the SPLA.[21][22]

In December 1999, a power struggle climaxed between President Omar al-Bashir and Hassan al-Turabi, NIF founder, Islamist ideologue and speaker of parliament. Al-Turabi was stripped of his posts in the ruling party and the government, parliament was disbanded, the constitution suspended, and a state of national emergency declared by presidential decree. Parliament resumed in February 2001 after the December 2000 presidential and parliamentary elections, but the national emergency laws remain in effect. Around the same time the Black Book, a manuscript by dissident Westerners detailing the domination of the northern peoples, was published. Al-Turabi was arrested in February 2001, and charged with being a threat to national security and the constitutional order for signing a memorandum of understanding with the SPLM/A. He was placed in a maximum-security prison until freed in 2005.

As part of the agreement ending the

Salva Kiir
was reported to have backed down in the argument over who would have control of the vital Ministry of Energy and Mining, which handles the output of Sudan's oil fields.

On April 11, 2019, al-Bashir and his government were overthrown in a military coup led by his first vice president and defense minister, who then established the now ruling military junta.[8][6][9][7] The next day Auf handed power to Lt. General Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan.[11][10][23][24]

Sudan’s Sovereign Council, the military-civilian body that is the highest power in the transitional government, has ruled Sudan since the fall of Omar al-Bashir. Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok is the civilian leader of the cabinet.[25]

In October 2020, Sudan made an

list of State Sponsors of Terrorism.[26]

As of August 2021, the country was jointly led by the chairman of the Sovereignty Council, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and Prime Minister Abdallah Hamdok.[27]

On 25 October 2021, the Sovereignty Council and the Sudanese government were immensely dissolved after being overthrown in the

2021 Sudan coup.[28][29]

Political parties and elections

For other political parties, see List of political parties in Sudan. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Sudan.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Africa :: Sudan — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  2. ^ Adam, Ahmed H. "What next for Sudan after Bashir's nomination for a third term?". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  3. JSTOR 41858375
    .
  4. ^ Olivia Warham, Special for. "President al-Bashir feels heat from 'Sudanese Spring'". CNN. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  5. ^ Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Human Rights Watch World Report 1994 - Sudan". Refworld. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  6. ^ a b "Sudan's military removes al-Bashir: All the latest updates". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  7. ^ a b "| Time". Archived from the original on April 12, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  8. ^ a b Abdelaziz, Khalid (2019-04-13). "Head of Sudan's military council steps down, a day after Bashir toppled". Reuters. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  9. ^ a b "Sudan's defense minister, who ousted nation's longtime leader, resigns just one day after takeover - The Washington Post". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  10. ^ a b "Sudan coup leader resigns, protesters celebrate 'triumph'". 12 April 2019.
  11. ^ a b "Sudan replaces military leader linked to genocide, rejects extraditing ex-president | CBC News".
  12. ^ "Sudan's Burhan declares state of emergency, dissolves government". Reuters. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
  13. ^ Bekele, Yilma (2008-07-12). "Chickens are coming home to roost!". Ethiopian Review. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  14. ^ Cowell, Alan (1989-07-01). "Military Coup In Sudan Ousts Civilian Regime". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
  15. ^ Kepel, Jihad (2002), p.181
  16. ^ Wasil Ali, "Sudanese Islamist opposition leader denies link with Darfur rebels", Sudan Tribune, 13 May 2008.
  17. ^ "Profile: Sudan's President Bashir". November 25, 2003. Retrieved October 3, 2019 – via news.bbc.co.uk.
  18. ^ "Some Reflection on Upcoming Division of Sudan". Mohammad Mufti. 2011-01-17. Archived from the original on 2011-05-13. Retrieved 2011-01-19.
  19. ^ "SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". www.sudantribune.com. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  20. ^ "Esatern Sudan Beja, SPLM discuss electoral alliance - Sudan Tribune: Plural news and views on Sudan". www.sudantribune.com. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  21. ^ "SPLM Kiir to run for president in Sudan 2009 elections". Sudan Tribune. Retrieved 2 November 2013.
  22. ^ "404 De pagina is niet gevonden". home.kpn.nl. Retrieved October 4, 2019. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  23. ^ "Sudan's deputy head of transitional military appointed". euronews. April 12, 2019. Retrieved October 3, 2019.
  24. ^ "The Latest: Sudan's post-coup transitional leader steps down - SFGate". Archived from the original on 2019-04-14. Retrieved 2019-04-12.
  25. ^ "Sudan Prime Minister Hamdok Names New Cabinet".
  26. ^ "Sudan formally recognizes Israel in U.S.-brokered deal". NBC News.
  27. ^ "Sudan Threatens to Use Military Option to Regain Control over Border with Ethiopia".
  28. ^ "'Utterly unacceptable': World reacts to Sudan 'coup'". Al Jazeera English. 2021-10-25. Archived from the original on 2021-10-25. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  29. ^ "Live: Sudan's General Burhan dissolves government, declares state of emergency". France 24. 25 October 2021. Retrieved 25 October 2021.

External links


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