Poltava

Coordinates: 49°35′22″N 34°33′05″E / 49.58944°N 34.55139°E / 49.58944; 34.55139
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Poltava
Полтава
Top left: Poltava Regional Museum, Top right: Poltava Holy Cross Monastery, Center: The Round Square, Bottom left: The White Arbor, Bottom right: Assumption Cathedral
Flag of Poltava
Coat of arms of Poltava
Official logo of Poltava
Poltava is located in Poltava Oblast
Poltava
Poltava
Location of Poltava in Poltava Oblast.
Poltava is located in Ukraine
Poltava
Poltava
Poltava (Ukraine)
Coordinates: 49°35′22″N 34°33′05″E / 49.58944°N 34.55139°E / 49.58944; 34.55139
Country Ukraine
OblastPoltava Oblast
RaionPoltava Raion
HromadaPoltava urban hromada
Founded8991
Districts
  • Shevchenkivskyi District
  • Kyivskyi District
  • Podilskyi District
Area
 • Total103 km2 (40 sq mi)
Population
 (2023)
 • Total279,593
 • Density2,700/km2 (7,000/sq mi)
Sister cities
Filderstadt, Ostfildern, Veliko Tarnovo, Lublin, Nice
Websiterada-poltava.gov.ua/foreign/
1 The previously believed foundation date was 1174.
The shield of the Poltava Regiment, 17th and 18th century
The shield of the Poltava Regiment headquarters

Poltava (UK: /pɒlˈtɑːvə/,[1] US: /pəlˈ-/;[2][3] Ukrainian: Полтава, IPA: [polˈtɑwɐ] ) is a city located on the Vorskla River in central Ukraine. It serves as the administrative center of Poltava Oblast as well as Poltava Raion within the oblast. It also hosts the administration of Poltava urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[4] Poltava has a population of 279,593 (2022 estimate).[5]

History

It is still unknown when Poltava was founded, although the town was not attested before 1174. However, municipal authorities chose to celebrate the city's 1100th anniversary in 1999. The settlement is indeed an old one, as archeologists unearthed an ancient

Scythian
remains, within the city limits.

Middle Ages

The present name of the city is traditionally connected to the settlement

Mongol invasion of Rus' in 1238–39, many cities of the middle Dnipro region were destroyed, possibly including Ltava.[6]

In the mid-14th century the region was part of the Duchy of Kyiv, which was a vassal of the

Grand Ducal Lithuanian Army in the battle of the Vorskla River. According to legend, after the battle, the Cossack Mamay helped Vytautas to escape death.[8]

The city is mentioned for the first time under the name of Poltava no later than 1430.

In 1482, Poltava was razed by the Crimean Khan Mengli I Giray.[6]

Early modern period

The Column of Glory commemorates the centenary of the Battle of Poltava (1709)

In 1537 Ografena Vasylivna Glinska (Baibuza) passed Poltava to her son-in-law Mykhailo Ivanovych Hrybunov-Baibuza.[6]

After the

Crown of Poland. In 1630 Poltava was passed to a Polish magnate, Bartholomew Obalkowski.[6] In 1641 it changed ownership again, to Alexander Koniecpolski.[6] In 1646 Poltava became part of Wiśniowiecki Ordynatsia (a large Wiśniowiecki estate in Left-bank Ukraine centered in Lubny), governed by the Ruthenian-Polish magnate Jeremi Wiśniowiecki (1612–51).[6]

In 1648, the city became the base of a distinguished regiment of

Sylvester Kossov, ordered the establishment of the monastery of the Exaltation of the Cross in Poltava. The project was financed by a number of prominent local residents, including Martyn Pushkar, Ivan Iskra, Ivan Kramar and many others.[6]

During the 1654

Hetman of Zaporizhian Host.[6] The uprising was extinguished with the help of Crimean Tatars.[6]

On the issue

Tsardom of Muscovy, while remaining part of the Cossack Hetmanate
.

The city suffered from the

haidamaks (Cossack paramilitary bands).[6]

By 1770, Poltava had several brick factories, a regimental doctor, and a pharmacy; that same year the city conducted four fairs.

Exaltation of the Cross (Russian: Крестовоздвиженский монастырь, Krestovozdvizhensky Monastyr) became the seat of bishops of the newly created Eparchy (Diocese) of Slaviansk and Kherson. This large new diocese included the lands of the Novorossiya Governorate and the Azov Governorate north of the Black Sea.[9][10]

Since much of that area had only recently been seized from the Ottoman Empire by Russia, and a large number of Orthodox Greek settlers had been invited to settle in the region, the imperial government selected a renowned Greek scholar, Eugenios Voulgaris, to preside over the new diocese. After his retirement in 1779, he was replaced by another Greek theologian, Nikephoros Theotokis.[9][10]

Alexander Square in 1850

In 1779 the city established the Poltava county school, which became its first secular educational institution.

snuffbox with monogram.[6] In 1802 the city became the seat of the newly established Poltava Governorate.[6] The city's population in 1802 consisted of some 8,000 residents.[6] That same year Poltava opened a government-funded hospital of 20 beds.[6]

19th century

Map of Poltava 1857
The 200th Anniversary celebrations of the Battle of Poltava in June 1909

On 2 February 1808, the Poltava Male Gymnasium was established.

Ivan Kotlyarevsky formed the 5th Poltava Cavalry Cossack Regiment.[6]

By 1860, Poltava had around 30,000 inhabitants, a district school, a gymnasium, an

Ukrainian national revival
were active.

20th century

The Poltava Museum of Long-Range and Strategic Aviation

During the

Occupation of Poltava by the Bolsheviks. After becoming a part of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
, Poltava experienced accelerated industrial growth, and its population increased to 130,000 by 1939.

In World War II, the Nazi Wehrmacht occupied Poltava from 18 September 1941 until 23 September 1943, when it was retaken during the Chernigov-Poltava Strategic Offensive of the Battle of the Dnieper. During the Nazi occupation the Jewish population (9.9% of the total population in 1939) was imprisoned in a ghetto before being murdered during mass executions perpetrated by an Einsatzgruppe and buried in mass graves in the area.[11]

By the summer of 1944, the United States Army Air Forces conducted a number of shuttle bombing raids against Nazi Germany under the name of Operation Frantic. Poltava Air Base, as well as Myrhorod Air Base, were used as eastern locations for landing B-17 Flying Fortress heavy bombers involved in those operations.[citation needed]

The post-war restoration of Poltava continued in the 1950s and 1960s. The city became an important centre of military education in the

Soviet Air Force division of heavy bombers.[citation needed
]

Until 18 July 2020, Poltava was designated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to Poltava Raion even though it was the center of the raion. As part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Poltava Oblast to four, the city was merged into Poltava Raion.[12][13]

Population

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:[14]

Language Number Percentage
Ukrainian 265 355 85.39%
Russian 43 706 14.06%
Other or undecided 1 694 0.55%
Total 310 755 100.00 %

According to a survey conducted by the International Republican Institute in April-May 2023, 75 % of the city's population spoke Ukrainian at home, and 12 % spoke Russian.[15]

Geography

Climate

Poltava has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen: Dfb), with four distinct seasons, it is one of the coldest cities in Ukraine. The annual precipitation is fairly evenly distributed, with the highest concentration in summer, and which falls as snow in winter.[16][17][18]

Climate data for Poltava (1991–2020, extremes 1948–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 11.1
(52.0)
16.0
(60.8)
22.4
(72.3)
29.9
(85.8)
34.2
(93.6)
35.7
(96.3)
39.0
(102.2)
39.4
(102.9)
35.2
(95.4)
29.6
(85.3)
20.0
(68.0)
13.5
(56.3)
39.4
(102.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −1.7
(28.9)
−0.3
(31.5)
5.6
(42.1)
15.1
(59.2)
21.7
(71.1)
25.2
(77.4)
27.5
(81.5)
27.1
(80.8)
20.7
(69.3)
12.9
(55.2)
4.8
(40.6)
−0.2
(31.6)
13.2
(55.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.2
(24.4)
−3.4
(25.9)
1.7
(35.1)
9.9
(49.8)
16.0
(60.8)
19.7
(67.5)
21.7
(71.1)
21.0
(69.8)
15.2
(59.4)
8.4
(47.1)
1.9
(35.4)
−2.6
(27.3)
8.8
(47.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.5
(20.3)
−6.0
(21.2)
−1.6
(29.1)
5.2
(41.4)
10.6
(51.1)
14.6
(58.3)
16.4
(61.5)
15.5
(59.9)
10.4
(50.7)
4.8
(40.6)
−0.4
(31.3)
−4.7
(23.5)
4.9
(40.8)
Record low °C (°F) −32.2
(−26.0)
−29.1
(−20.4)
−22.8
(−9.0)
−11.1
(12.0)
−1.7
(28.9)
3.0
(37.4)
7.2
(45.0)
2.8
(37.0)
−3.0
(26.6)
−11.1
(12.0)
−21.5
(−6.7)
−28.6
(−19.5)
−32.2
(−26.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 41.7
(1.64)
34.6
(1.36)
37.5
(1.48)
39.3
(1.55)
53.0
(2.09)
72.7
(2.86)
69.0
(2.72)
42.9
(1.69)
54.1
(2.13)
50.7
(2.00)
45.2
(1.78)
41.8
(1.65)
582.5
(22.93)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.6 7.5 7.8 7.1 7.8 9.0 7.7 5.6 6.6 6.1 7.7 8.5 90.0
Average
relative humidity
(%)
85.9 82.5 76.4 64.8 61.3 67.2 66.7 63.1 70.5 77.4 85.9 86.6 74.0
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68 76 132 183 266 293 301 285 215 144 59 42 2,064
Source 1: Pogoda.ru[19]
Source 2: World Meteorological Organization (humidity and precipitation 1981–2010; sun 1961–1990)[20][21]

Government and subdivisions

Building of the regional administration (by Vasyl Krychevsky)

Poltava is the

administrative center of the Poltava Oblast (province) as well as of the Poltava Raion housed within the city. However, Poltava is a city of oblast subordinance
, thus being subject directly to the oblast authorities rather to the raion administration housed in the city itself.

Poltava's government consists of the 50-member Poltava City Council (Ukrainian: Полтавська Міська рада) which is headed by the Secretary (currently Oleksandr Kozub). The city's current mayor is Oleksandr Mamay, who was sworn in on 4 November 2010 after being elected with more than 61 percent of the vote.[22] In 2015 he was re-elected as a candidate of Conscience of Ukraine with 62.9% in a second round of Mayoral election.[23]

The territory of Poltava is divided into 3 administrative raions (districts):[24]

  1. Shevchenkivsky Raion,[25][26] to the south-west with an area of 2077 hectares and a population of 147,600 in 2005. It is a largely residential area and includes the city centre.
  2. Kyivsky Raion,[27] is the largest by area, comprising 5437 hectares, or 52.8% of the city total situated in the north and north-west. Its census in 2005 was 111,900. This district has a large industrial zone.
  3. Podilsky Raion,[28] to the east and south-east, in the valley of the Vorskla river, with an area of 2988 hectares and a population of 53,700 in 2005.

The village of Rozsoshentsi, Scherbani, Tereshky, Kopyly and Suprunivka are officially considered to be outside the city, but constitute part of the Poltava agglomeration.

Culture

Assumption Cathedral

The centre of the old city is a semicircular Neoclassical square with the

Cossack Baroque
, built between 1699 and 1709. As a whole, the cathedral presents a unity which even the Neoclassical belltower has failed to mar. Another frothy Baroque church, dedicated to the Dormition of the Theotokos, was destroyed in 1934 and rebuilt in the 1990s.

A

Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh is named after the city.[29]

Sports

The most popular sport is

. There are 3 stadiums in Poltava:
Lokomotiv Stadium
which is situated in Podil district.

Notable people

Marusia Churai, postage stamp, 2000
Nikolai Gogol, 1845
Ivan Paskevich, 1823
Symon Petliura
, 1920s
Alina Treiger, 2010

Sport

Ruslan Rotan, 2016

Economy and infrastructure

Transportation

The Kyivskyi Vokzal, the city's main railway station.

Poltava's transportation infrastructure consists of two major train stations with railway links to Kyiv, Kharkiv, and Kremenchuk. Poltava's Kyiv line is electrified and is used by the Poltava Express. The electrification of the Poltava-Kharkiv line was completed in August 2008.[33]

The Avtovokzal serves as the city's intercity bus station. Buses for local municipal routes depart from "AC-2" (autostation No. 2 – along Shevchenko street) and "AC-3" (Zinkivska street). Local municipal routes are parked along the Taras Shevchenko Street. Marshrutka minibuses serve areas where regular bus access is unavailable; however, they are privately owned and cost more per ride. In addition, a 10-route trolleybus network of 72.6 kilometres (45.1 mi) runs throughout the city. On the routes of the city go more than 50 units of trolleybuses.

Poltava is also served by an International Airport, situated outside the city limits near the village of Ivashky. The international highway

M03, linking Poltava with Kyiv and Kharkiv, passes through the southern outskirts of the city. There is also a regional highway P-17 crossing Poltava and linking it with Kremenchuk and Sumy.[34]

Education

Poltava has always been one of the most important science and education centres in Ukraine. Major universities and institutions of higher education include the following:

Theological seminary, which during World War I was converted into a military school quartering the Vilno Cadet School

Astronomy

  • Poltava gravimetric observatory (PGO) is situated a bit north from city centre (27–29 Miasoyedov St.). Its main work directions are measurements of Earth rotation, latitude variations (applying zenith stars observations, lunar occultation observations and other)
  • Observational station of PGO in rural area, some 20 km east along the M03-E40 highway. Radiotelescope URAN-2 (Ukrainian: УРАН-2) is situated there too.

Twin towns – sister cities

Poltava is

twinned
with:

Gallery

  • Building of the Noble Assembly
    Building of the Noble Assembly
  • State administrative building (Russian Empire)
    State administrative building (Russian Empire)
  • Church of the Savior
    Church of the Savior
  • Poltava Theatre of Music and Drama
    Poltava Theatre of Music and Drama
  • Merchant Ginzburg's "Grand Hotel"
    Merchant Ginzburg's "Grand Hotel"
  • Obelisk at the Ivan Kotlyarevsky's burial
    Obelisk at the
    Ivan Kotlyarevsky
    's burial
  • Moorish-styled mansion of Bakhmatsky
    Moorish-styled mansion of Bakhmatsky
  • Exaltation of the Cross nunnery
    Exaltation of the Cross nunnery
  • Traditional Ukrainian well, krynytsia (Kotlyarevsky's estate)
    Traditional Ukrainian well, krynytsia (Kotlyarevsky's estate)
  • Former Regional Administration building
    Former Regional Administration building
  • Former Institute of Noble Maidens (today - National Technical University)
    Former Institute of Noble Maidens (today - National Technical University)
  • Mass burial of 1345 Russian soldiers (perished at the Battle of Poltava)
    Mass burial of 1345 Russian soldiers (perished at the Battle of Poltava)
  • Main pedestrian street of Poltava
    Main pedestrian street of Poltava
  • State security office
  • Round square in central Poltava
    Round square in central Poltava

References

  1. ^ "Poltava". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
  2. ^ "Poltava". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  3. ^ "Poltava". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
  4. ^ "Полтавская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
  5. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Poltava: chronicles of the most important events. "History of Poltava" website.
  7. ^ Antipovich, G., Buryak, Voloskov, V., others. Poltava: a book for tourists. Ed.2. "Prapor". Kharkiv, 1989.
  8. ^ a b c d Duchy of the Mamai's descendants. Zarusskiy.org. 29 June 2008
  9. ^ a b Евгений Булгарис (Eugenios Voulgaris's biography) (in Russian)
  10. ^ a b Никифор Феотоки (Nikephoros Theotoki's biography) (in Russian)
  11. ^ "The Untold Stories. The Murder Sites of the Jews in the Occupied Territories of the Former USSR". yadvashem.org. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  12. ^ "Про утворення та ліквідацію районів. Постанова Верховної Ради України № 807-ІХ". Голос України (in Ukrainian). 18 July 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Нові райони: карти + склад" (in Ukrainian). Міністерство розвитку громад та територій України. 17 July 2020.
  14. ^ "Рідні мови в об'єднаних територіальних громадах України" (in Ukrainian).
  15. ^ "Municipal Survey 2023" (PDF). ratinggroup.ua. Retrieved 9 August 2023.
  16. ^ "Poltava, Ukraine Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  17. ^ "Climate in Poltava, Ukraine". Worlddata.info. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  18. ^ "Climate Poltava Oblast: Temperature, climate graph, Climate table for Poltava Oblast - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 2 October 2020.
  19. ^ Погода и Климат – Климат Полтава [Weather and Climate – The Climate of Poltava] (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved 29 October 2021.
  20. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
  21. ^ "Poltava Climate Normals 1961–1990". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  22. ^ "Oleksandr Mamay won at the elections for the mayor of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Dzerkalo Tyzhnya. 6 November 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.
  23. ^ Mamai reelected as Poltava mayor – election commission, Interfax-Ukraine (16 November 2015)
  24. ^ "Poltavska Oblast, city of Poltava (raion councils of the cities)" (in Ukrainian). Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Archived from the original on 21 May 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2009.
  25. ^ "Official resource" (in Ukrainian). Oktiabrskyi Raion Council of Poltava. 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  26. ^ "Information of the Oktiabrskyi Raion of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council. 2007. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  27. ^ "Information of the Kyivskyi Raion of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council. 2007. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  28. ^ "Information of the Leninskyi Raion of Poltava" (in Ukrainian). Poltava City Council. 2007. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2009.
  29. .
  30. . Vol. 3 (11th ed.). p. 466.
  31. ^ Shedden-Ralston, William Ralston (1911). "Gogol, Nikolai Vasilievich" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). pp. 190–191.
  32. ^ "Paskevich, Ivan Fedorovich" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 883–884.
  33. ^ "Poltava-Kharkiv rail line" (in Russian). Retrieved 21 September 2008.
  34. ^ Poltava – Plan. Kyiv Army-Cartographic Fabric.

External links